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Melanie Diez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Probable evidence of Scurvy in subadults from archeological sites in Peru
American journal of physical anthropology, 1999Co-Authors: Donald J. Ortner, Erin H. Kimmerle, Melanie DiezAbstract:Subadult Scurvy is not well documented in archeological human remains despite the existence of many biomedical references indicating that bone changes do occur in some cases and, because of this, should be observable in human burials. There are several potential reasons for this gap in our knowledge of Scurvy. Not all children who suffered from Scurvy died of the disease or from other causes when they had Scurvy. Scurvy may not leave characteristic bone changes in every case of the disease. Some of the pathological conditions associated with Scurvy have been known for many years, but these features may be rare or difficult to differentiate from other pathological conditions. Recently a lesion of the skull has been described (Ortner and Ericksen [1997] International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 7:212–220) that is probably pathognomonic for Scurvy, specifically porous and sometimes hypertrophic lesions of the greater wing of the sphenoid. This lesion is bilateral and highly associated with evidence of inflammation at other anatomical sites in the skull. A survey of subadult skulls (N = 363) in the human skeletal collection from Peru at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, reveals a prevalence of 10% of skulls that exhibit plausible evidence of Scurvy. Some cases of Scurvy also have cribra orbitalia that has been attributed to anemia. In most of the Peruvian Scurvy cases, anemia is an unlikely possibility because there is no evidence of marrow hyperplasia. This highlights the need for caution in using lesions of the orbit as an indicator of anemia when there is no other evidence of this disease elsewhere in the skeleton. Anatomical evidence of Scurvy offers the potential of providing new and important evidence of diet in archeological human populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 108:321–331, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Donald J. Ortner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anemia or Scurvy a pilot study on differential diagnosis of porous and hyperostotic lesions using differential cranial vault thickness in subadult humans
International Journal of Paleopathology, 2014Co-Authors: Molly K Zuckerman, Evan Garofalo, Bruno Frohlich, Donald J. OrtnerAbstract:Abstract Metabolic disorders, such as Scurvy, manifested in human skeletal remains provide insight into health, nutrition, and environmental quality in past populations. Porous cranial vault lesions are often used to diagnose metabolic conditions in subadult remains, but overlapping gross lesion expressions have led to over-diagnosis of anemia and under-diagnosis of Scurvy. Studies by Ortner and colleagues have suggested that specific porous cranial lesions are pathognomonic of Scurvy, but additional diagnostic tools are necessary. In this technical report, we offer a preliminary assessment of cranial vault thickness (CVT) at the site of porous lesions (sensu lato porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia) as a method for distinguishing between Scurvy and anemia in subadult crania. Computed Tomography (CT) was used to measure CVT at various landmarks associated with porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia, complemented by lesion scores, from scorbutic (N = 11), anemic (N = 3), and non-pathological (N = 28) subadult crania used as a control group. Results indicate that CVT consistently distinguishes scorbutic from non-pathological individuals, while anemic individuals overlap with both – likely a function of small sample size in this study. Despite current limitations, CVT has the potential to be an objective diagnostic tool for distinguishing Scurvy and expanding reconstructions of nutritional adequacy over the life course in past populations.
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childhood Scurvy in a medieval burial from macvanska mitrovica serbia
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2011Co-Authors: Donald J. Ortner, Matthew BrownAbstract:The type and distribution of abnormalities in the skeleton of a child 2 years of age indicates that the child likely suffered from Scurvy at the time of death. The burial is from the archaeological site of Zidine, Macvanska Mitrovica, Serbia dated to the Medieval Period. Abnormal porosity and reactive woven bone formation are present affecting both the axial and appendicular skeleton. This case of Scurvy is important because archaeological evidence of Scurvy in this geographical location and at this time period is unknown. It is also important because the relative completeness of the skeleton and the widespread evidence of skeletal abnormalities provide additional insight regarding the skeletal manifestations of Scurvy in young children. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Probable evidence of Scurvy in subadults from archeological sites in Peru
American journal of physical anthropology, 1999Co-Authors: Donald J. Ortner, Erin H. Kimmerle, Melanie DiezAbstract:Subadult Scurvy is not well documented in archeological human remains despite the existence of many biomedical references indicating that bone changes do occur in some cases and, because of this, should be observable in human burials. There are several potential reasons for this gap in our knowledge of Scurvy. Not all children who suffered from Scurvy died of the disease or from other causes when they had Scurvy. Scurvy may not leave characteristic bone changes in every case of the disease. Some of the pathological conditions associated with Scurvy have been known for many years, but these features may be rare or difficult to differentiate from other pathological conditions. Recently a lesion of the skull has been described (Ortner and Ericksen [1997] International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 7:212–220) that is probably pathognomonic for Scurvy, specifically porous and sometimes hypertrophic lesions of the greater wing of the sphenoid. This lesion is bilateral and highly associated with evidence of inflammation at other anatomical sites in the skull. A survey of subadult skulls (N = 363) in the human skeletal collection from Peru at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, reveals a prevalence of 10% of skulls that exhibit plausible evidence of Scurvy. Some cases of Scurvy also have cribra orbitalia that has been attributed to anemia. In most of the Peruvian Scurvy cases, anemia is an unlikely possibility because there is no evidence of marrow hyperplasia. This highlights the need for caution in using lesions of the orbit as an indicator of anemia when there is no other evidence of this disease elsewhere in the skeleton. Anatomical evidence of Scurvy offers the potential of providing new and important evidence of diet in archeological human populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 108:321–331, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Haagen D Klaus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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subadult Scurvy in andean south america evidence of vitamin c deficiency in the late pre hispanic and colonial lambayeque valley peru
International Journal of Paleopathology, 2014Co-Authors: Haagen D KlausAbstract:Abstract Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency and is a key paleopathological indicator of subadult health and nutritional status in the past. Yet, little is known about Scurvy in human remains from South America and the Peruvian Central Andes in particular. In the Lambayeque Valley Complex on the north coast of Peru, a sample of 641 archaeologically recovered subadults (A.D. 900–1750) were scored for the skeletal manifestations of vitamin C deficiency, testing the hypotheses that Scurvy was common in this region and that prevalence increased following European contact. The findings reveal only five convincing cases of Scurvy; overall prevalence appears extremely low, and Scurvy did not become perceptibly more common following conquest. Of diagnostic interest, complex ectocranial vascular impressions were documented in two cases. Though rarely attributed to Scurvy, examination suggests they formed during scorbutic episodes. Another Colonial Period subadult may demonstrate comorbidity between Scurvy and rickets. This work also provides new questions for the investigation of Scurvy in Andean South America.
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subadult Scurvy in andean south america evidence of vitamin c deficiency in the late pre hispanic and colonial lambayeque valley peru
International Journal of Paleopathology, 2014Co-Authors: Haagen D KlausAbstract:Abstract Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency and is a key paleopathological indicator of subadult health and nutritional status in the past. Yet, little is known about Scurvy in human remains from South America and the Peruvian Central Andes in particular. In the Lambayeque Valley Complex on the north coast of Peru, a sample of 641 archaeologically recovered subadults (A.D. 900–1750) were scored for the skeletal manifestations of vitamin C deficiency, testing the hypotheses that Scurvy was common in this region and that prevalence increased following European contact. The findings reveal only five convincing cases of Scurvy; overall prevalence appears extremely low, and Scurvy did not become perceptibly more common following conquest. Of diagnostic interest, complex ectocranial vascular impressions were documented in two cases. Though rarely attributed to Scurvy, examination suggests they formed during scorbutic episodes. Another Colonial Period subadult may demonstrate comorbidity between Scurvy and rickets. This work also provides new questions for the investigation of Scurvy in Andean South America.
Stan Zlotkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an orange a day keeps the doctor away Scurvy in the year 2000
Pediatrics, 2001Co-Authors: Michael Weinstein, Paul S Babyn, Stan ZlotkinAbstract:Scurvy has been known since ancient times, but the discovery of the link between the dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid and Scurvy has dramatically reduced its incidence over the past half-century. Sporadic reports of Scurvy still occur, primarily in elderly, isolated individuals with alcoholism. The incidence of Scurvy in the pediatric population is very uncommon, and it is usually seen in children with severely restricted diets attributable to psychiatric or developmental problems. The condition is characterized by perifollicular petechiae and bruising, gingival inflammation and bleeding, and, in children, bone disease. We describe a case of Scurvy in a 9-year-old developmentally delayed girl who had a diet markedly deficient in vitamin C resulting from extremely limited food preferences. She presented with debilitating bone pain, inflammatory gingival disease, perifollicular hyperkeratosis, and purpura. Severe hypertension without another apparent secondary cause was also present, which has been previously undescribed. The signs of Scurvy and hypertension resolved after treatment with vitamin C. The diagnosis of Scurvy is made on clinical and radiographic grounds, and may be supported by finding reduced levels of vitamin C in serum or buffy-coat leukocytes. The response to vitamin C is dramatic. Clinicians should be aware of this potentially fatal but easily curable condition that is still occasionally encountered among children.
Emmanuel Delaporte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Severe Scurvy: an underestimated disease
European journal of clinical nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: M Levavasseur, C. Becquart, E Pape, Marie Pigeyre, J. Rousseaux, D. Staumont-sallé, Emmanuel DelaporteAbstract:Scurvy is one of the oldest diseases in human history. Nowadays, although Scurvy tends to become a forgotten disease in developed country, rare cases still occur, especially in people undergoing extreme diet, old people or children with poor diet and patients with malabsorption. We describe three cases of Scurvy. The first case is a patient diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, the second one is in a context of anorexia nervosa and drug addiction, and the third case is in a context of social isolation. Early recognition of Scurvy can be difficult because symptoms may appear nonspecific and can mimic more common conditions. In any patient with spontaneous hematoma and purpura, in the context of nutritional disorder, Scurvy should be systematically considered. As this disease can lead to severe complications, such as bone pain, heart failure or gastrointestinal symptoms, nothing should delay vitamin C supplementation, which is a simple and rapidly effective treatment.
