The Experts below are selected from a list of 50325 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lara A. Ray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Naltrexone effects on Subjective Responses to alcohol in the human laboratory: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Addiction Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Lara A. Ray, Daniel J. O. Roche, Rejoyce Green, Molly Magill, Spencer BujarskiAbstract:Naltrexone (NTX) has been widely studied for the treatment of alcohol use disorder with overall support for its efficacy. The mechanisms of action of naltrexone are thought to involve attenuation of the hedonic effects of alcohol and potentiation of its aversive effects. In order to provide a quantitative estimate of the effects of naltrexone on Subjective Response to alcohol, the aims of this meta-analytic review are to examine the effects of naltrexone across four domains of Subjective Response. Meta-analyses of naltrexone effects on alcohol craving (k = 16, N = 686), stimulation (k = 15, N = 675), sedation (k = 18, N = 777), and negative mood (k = 9, N = 281) suggested that under laboratory conditions and compared with placebo, naltrexone reduces craving (Hedges g = -0.252; SE = 0.054; 95% CI, -0.375 to -0.130; P
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the interplay between Subjective Response to alcohol craving and alcohol self administration in the human laboratory
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2019Co-Authors: Rejoyce Green, Spencer Bujarski, Erica N Grodin, Aaron C Lim, Alexandra Venegas, Jennifer L Krull, Lara A. RayAbstract:BACKGROUND Despite a rich literature on human laboratory paradigms of Subjective Response (SR) to alcohol, craving for alcohol, and alcohol self-administration, few studies have examined the interplay across these 3 constructs. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the interplay between SR, craving, and self-administration in the human laboratory. METHODS Data were culled from a medication study (NCT02026011) in which heavy drinking participants of East Asian ancestry completed 2 double-blinded and counterbalanced experimental sessions. In each experimental session, participants received a priming dose of intravenous (IV) alcohol to a target breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 0.06 g/dl and measures of SR (stimulation and sedation) and alcohol craving were collected across rising BrACs. The IV alcohol challenge was immediately followed by a 1-hour alcohol self-administration period. RESULTS Mixed model analyses found a positive and significant relationship between the slope of stimulation and the slope of craving during the alcohol challenge. The relationship between sedation and craving, however, was not significant. The slope of craving during the alcohol challenge significantly predicted a higher number of mini-drinks consumed and lower latency to first drink. Further, mediation analyses found that craving was a significant mediator of the relationship between stimulation and total number of mini-drinks consumed, but the same pattern was not found for sedation. CONCLUSIONS Insofar as alcohol self-administration represents the end point of interest for a host of experimental and clinical research questions, the present study suggests that alcohol craving represents a more proximal predictor of self-administration than measures of alcohol-induced stimulation. It is recommended that human laboratory models interpret measures of SR and craving in light of their relative predictive utility for drinking outcomes.
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naltrexone moderates the relationship between cue induced craving and Subjective Response to methamphetamine in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder
Psychopharmacology, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel J. O. Roche, Spencer Bujarski, Matthew J Worley, Kelly E Courtney, Edythe D London, Steven Shoptaw, Lara A. RayAbstract:Rationale Reductions in cue-induced craving and Subjective Response to drugs of abuse are commonly used as initial outcome measures when testing novel medications for the treatment of addiction. Yet neither the relationship between these two measures at the individual level nor the moderating effects of pharmacotherapies on this relationship has been examined.
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functional significance of Subjective Response to alcohol across levels of alcohol exposure
Addiction Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Spencer Bujarski, Kent E Hutchison, Nicole Prause, Lara A. RayAbstract:Pre-clinical neurobiological models of addiction etiology including both the allostatic model and incentive sensitization theory suggest that alcohol consumption among alcohol-dependent (AD) individuals will be dissociated from hedonic reward as positive reinforcement mechanisms wane in later stage dependence. The aims of this study are to test this claim in humans by examining the relationship between dimensions of Subjective Responses to alcohol (SR) and alcohol craving across levels of alcohol exposure. Non-treatment-seeking drinkers (n = 205) completed an i.v. alcohol challenge (final target breath alcohol concentration = 0.06 g/dl) and reported on SR and craving. Participants were classified as light-to-moderate drinkers (LMD), heavy drinkers (HD) or AD. Analyses examined group differences in SR and craving Response magnitude, as well as concurrent and predictive associations between SR domains and craving. At baseline, LMD and AD reported greater stimulation than HD, which carried over post-alcohol administration. However, stimulation was dose-dependently associated with alcohol craving in HD only. Furthermore, lagged models found that stimulation preceded craving among HD only, whereas this hypothesized pattern of results was not observed for craving preceding stimulation. Sedation was also positively associated with craving, yet no group differences were observed. In agreement with the prediction of diminished positive reinforcement in alcohol dependence, this study showed that stimulation/hedonic reward from alcohol did not precede craving in AD, whereas stimulation was dose-dependently associated with and preceded craving among non-dependent HD.
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Subjective Response to Alcohol as a Research Domain Criterion
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2016Co-Authors: Lara A. Ray, Spencer Bujarski, Daniel J. O. RocheAbstract:Individual differences in the Subjective experience of the pharmacological effects of alcohol have long been implicated in the likelihood that one will drink heavily and develop alcoholism. The theme of this conceptual review and perspective article is to synthesize the literature on Subjective Responses to alcohol and to set an agenda for the next generation of research in the area. Specifically, we contend that in order for Subjective Response to alcohol to play a prominent role in alcoholism research, it is critical that it be studied as a multimodal phenotype.First, we review the human research on Subjective Response to alcohol measured under controlled laboratory conditions and draw recommendations for the application of these findings to understanding alcoholism neurobiology in humans. Second, we highlight multimodal approaches, including studies of the genetic and neural substrates of individual differences in Subjective Response to alcohol. Third, we review treatment implications with a focus on Subjective Response to alcohol as an intervention target. Upon review of the research on Subjective Response to alcohol across levels of analyses, we provide recommendations for leveraging these phenotypes in a systematic and methodologically rigorous fashion that can address central questions about alcoholism etiology, disease progression, and personalized treatment.The approach recommended herein is largely consistent with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative across the National Institute of Mental Health. The defining feature of such domains is that they inform behavior yet be amenable to examination through multiple units of analysis, such as molecular, genetic, circuit-level, and behavioral measurements. To that end, we contend that Subjective Response to alcohol represents a behaviorally and biologically plausible phenotype upon which to build using the RDoC framework for understanding alcohol use disorder.
Spencer Bujarski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Naltrexone effects on Subjective Responses to alcohol in the human laboratory: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Addiction Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Lara A. Ray, Daniel J. O. Roche, Rejoyce Green, Molly Magill, Spencer BujarskiAbstract:Naltrexone (NTX) has been widely studied for the treatment of alcohol use disorder with overall support for its efficacy. The mechanisms of action of naltrexone are thought to involve attenuation of the hedonic effects of alcohol and potentiation of its aversive effects. In order to provide a quantitative estimate of the effects of naltrexone on Subjective Response to alcohol, the aims of this meta-analytic review are to examine the effects of naltrexone across four domains of Subjective Response. Meta-analyses of naltrexone effects on alcohol craving (k = 16, N = 686), stimulation (k = 15, N = 675), sedation (k = 18, N = 777), and negative mood (k = 9, N = 281) suggested that under laboratory conditions and compared with placebo, naltrexone reduces craving (Hedges g = -0.252; SE = 0.054; 95% CI, -0.375 to -0.130; P
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the interplay between Subjective Response to alcohol craving and alcohol self administration in the human laboratory
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2019Co-Authors: Rejoyce Green, Spencer Bujarski, Erica N Grodin, Aaron C Lim, Alexandra Venegas, Jennifer L Krull, Lara A. RayAbstract:BACKGROUND Despite a rich literature on human laboratory paradigms of Subjective Response (SR) to alcohol, craving for alcohol, and alcohol self-administration, few studies have examined the interplay across these 3 constructs. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the interplay between SR, craving, and self-administration in the human laboratory. METHODS Data were culled from a medication study (NCT02026011) in which heavy drinking participants of East Asian ancestry completed 2 double-blinded and counterbalanced experimental sessions. In each experimental session, participants received a priming dose of intravenous (IV) alcohol to a target breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 0.06 g/dl and measures of SR (stimulation and sedation) and alcohol craving were collected across rising BrACs. The IV alcohol challenge was immediately followed by a 1-hour alcohol self-administration period. RESULTS Mixed model analyses found a positive and significant relationship between the slope of stimulation and the slope of craving during the alcohol challenge. The relationship between sedation and craving, however, was not significant. The slope of craving during the alcohol challenge significantly predicted a higher number of mini-drinks consumed and lower latency to first drink. Further, mediation analyses found that craving was a significant mediator of the relationship between stimulation and total number of mini-drinks consumed, but the same pattern was not found for sedation. CONCLUSIONS Insofar as alcohol self-administration represents the end point of interest for a host of experimental and clinical research questions, the present study suggests that alcohol craving represents a more proximal predictor of self-administration than measures of alcohol-induced stimulation. It is recommended that human laboratory models interpret measures of SR and craving in light of their relative predictive utility for drinking outcomes.
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naltrexone moderates the relationship between cue induced craving and Subjective Response to methamphetamine in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder
Psychopharmacology, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel J. O. Roche, Spencer Bujarski, Matthew J Worley, Kelly E Courtney, Edythe D London, Steven Shoptaw, Lara A. RayAbstract:Rationale Reductions in cue-induced craving and Subjective Response to drugs of abuse are commonly used as initial outcome measures when testing novel medications for the treatment of addiction. Yet neither the relationship between these two measures at the individual level nor the moderating effects of pharmacotherapies on this relationship has been examined.
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functional significance of Subjective Response to alcohol across levels of alcohol exposure
Addiction Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Spencer Bujarski, Kent E Hutchison, Nicole Prause, Lara A. RayAbstract:Pre-clinical neurobiological models of addiction etiology including both the allostatic model and incentive sensitization theory suggest that alcohol consumption among alcohol-dependent (AD) individuals will be dissociated from hedonic reward as positive reinforcement mechanisms wane in later stage dependence. The aims of this study are to test this claim in humans by examining the relationship between dimensions of Subjective Responses to alcohol (SR) and alcohol craving across levels of alcohol exposure. Non-treatment-seeking drinkers (n = 205) completed an i.v. alcohol challenge (final target breath alcohol concentration = 0.06 g/dl) and reported on SR and craving. Participants were classified as light-to-moderate drinkers (LMD), heavy drinkers (HD) or AD. Analyses examined group differences in SR and craving Response magnitude, as well as concurrent and predictive associations between SR domains and craving. At baseline, LMD and AD reported greater stimulation than HD, which carried over post-alcohol administration. However, stimulation was dose-dependently associated with alcohol craving in HD only. Furthermore, lagged models found that stimulation preceded craving among HD only, whereas this hypothesized pattern of results was not observed for craving preceding stimulation. Sedation was also positively associated with craving, yet no group differences were observed. In agreement with the prediction of diminished positive reinforcement in alcohol dependence, this study showed that stimulation/hedonic reward from alcohol did not precede craving in AD, whereas stimulation was dose-dependently associated with and preceded craving among non-dependent HD.
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Subjective Response to Alcohol as a Research Domain Criterion
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2016Co-Authors: Lara A. Ray, Spencer Bujarski, Daniel J. O. RocheAbstract:Individual differences in the Subjective experience of the pharmacological effects of alcohol have long been implicated in the likelihood that one will drink heavily and develop alcoholism. The theme of this conceptual review and perspective article is to synthesize the literature on Subjective Responses to alcohol and to set an agenda for the next generation of research in the area. Specifically, we contend that in order for Subjective Response to alcohol to play a prominent role in alcoholism research, it is critical that it be studied as a multimodal phenotype.First, we review the human research on Subjective Response to alcohol measured under controlled laboratory conditions and draw recommendations for the application of these findings to understanding alcoholism neurobiology in humans. Second, we highlight multimodal approaches, including studies of the genetic and neural substrates of individual differences in Subjective Response to alcohol. Third, we review treatment implications with a focus on Subjective Response to alcohol as an intervention target. Upon review of the research on Subjective Response to alcohol across levels of analyses, we provide recommendations for leveraging these phenotypes in a systematic and methodologically rigorous fashion that can address central questions about alcoholism etiology, disease progression, and personalized treatment.The approach recommended herein is largely consistent with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative across the National Institute of Mental Health. The defining feature of such domains is that they inform behavior yet be amenable to examination through multiple units of analysis, such as molecular, genetic, circuit-level, and behavioral measurements. To that end, we contend that Subjective Response to alcohol represents a behaviorally and biologically plausible phenotype upon which to build using the RDoC framework for understanding alcohol use disorder.
Harriet De Wit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inattention, impulsive action, and Subjective Response to d-amphetamine
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2013Co-Authors: Jessica Weafer, Harriet De WitAbstract:Background Both impulsivity and sensitivity to the rewarding effects of drugs have long been considered risk factors for drug abuse. There is some preclinical evidence to suggest that the two are related; however, there is little information about how specific behavioral components of impulsivity are related to the acute euphorigenic effects of drugs in humans. The aim of the current study was to examine the degree to which both inattention and impulsive action predicted Subjective Response to amphetamine.
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Serotonin Transporter Genotype and Acute Subjective Response to Amphetamine
American Journal on Addictions, 2006Co-Authors: David C Lott, Soojeong Kim, Edwin H Cook, Harriet De WitAbstract:The authors have previously shown an effect of dopamine transporter genotype on acute Subjective Responses to d-amphetamine, which may affect risk of addiction. They now report the results of an evaluation of the role of the serotonin transporter gene (HTT) using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design in which subjects (N = 101) completed self-report measures of Subjective effect. The separate and combined analyses of the gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the Intron 2 VNTR suggest that these two HTT polymorphisms may contribute to acute Subjective Responses to d-amphetamine with a small effect.
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dopamine transporter gene associated with diminished Subjective Response to amphetamine
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Soojeong Kim, David C Lott, Edwin H Cook, Harriet De WitAbstract:Individual variability in Responses to stimulant drugs may influence risk of stimulant abuse and treatment Response. However, the genetic determinants of this variability have yet to be elucidated. The dopamine transporter is an important site of amphetamine action. Therefore, the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) is a logical candidate gene to study. Using a drug challenge approach, we tested for association between DAT1 genotype and Subjective Responses to amphetamine in healthy adults. Volunteers participated in a double-blind, crossover design, randomly receiving placebo, 10?mg, and 20?mg oral D-amphetamine, and completed self-report measures on Subjective effects including anxiety and euphoria. Subjects were genotyped for the DAT1 3′-untranslated region VNTR polymorphism and divided into groups based on genotype: homozygous for nine repeats (9/9, N=8), heterozygous (9/10, N=36) and homozygous for 10 repeats (10/10, N=52). The effects of amphetamine on ratings of Feel Drug, Anxiety, and Euphoria were examined with ANCOVA. In 9/10 and 10/10 subjects, amphetamine produced its expected effects of increased Euphoria, Anxiety, and Feel Drug (p<0.01). However, in 9/9 subjects, the effects of amphetamine were indistinguishable from placebo, suggesting that the 9/9 genotype has diminished Subjective Response to acute amphetamine. Interestingly, recent findings also implicate the 9/9 genotype in decreased therapeutic Response to the stimulant methylphenidate in ADHD children. The current findings have important implications for understanding the genetic determinants of variability in stimulant Response and risk of abuse.
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Dopamine transporter gene associated with diminished Subjective Response to amphetamine.
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: David C Lott, Soojeong Kim, Edwin H Cook, Harriet De WitAbstract:Individual variability in Responses to stimulant drugs may influence risk of stimulant abuse and treatment Response. However, the genetic determinants of this variability have yet to be elucidated. The dopamine transporter is an important site of amphetamine action. Therefore, the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) is a logical candidate gene to study. Using a drug challenge approach, we tested for association between DAT1 genotype and Subjective Responses to amphetamine in healthy adults. Volunteers participated in a double-blind, crossover design, randomly receiving placebo, 10?mg, and 20?mg oral D-amphetamine, and completed self-report measures on Subjective effects including anxiety and euphoria. Subjects were genotyped for the DAT1 3′-untranslated region VNTR polymorphism and divided into groups based on genotype: homozygous for nine repeats (9/9, N=8), heterozygous (9/10, N=36) and homozygous for 10 repeats (10/10, N=52). The effects of amphetamine on ratings of Feel Drug, Anxiety, and Euphoria were examined with ANCOVA. In 9/10 and 10/10 subjects, amphetamine produced its expected effects of increased Euphoria, Anxiety, and Feel Drug (p
Dorothy K. Hatsukami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Subjective Response to nicotine by menstrual phase
Addictive Behaviors, 2015Co-Authors: Alicia M. Allen, Dorothy K. Hatsukami, Scott A Lunos, Stephen J Heishman, Mustafa Alabsi, Sharon S AllenAbstract:Introduction The luteal menstrual phase might be a favorable time for smoking cessation when non-nicotine interventions (e.g. counseling, bupropion) are used, whereas the follicular menstrual phase appears favorable when nicotine interventions are used. Thus, there may be an interaction between menstrual phase and Response to nicotine. We sought to examine the role of menstrual phase on Response to nicotine during acute smoking abstinence.
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Individual differences in the Subjective Response to smoked cocaine in humans.
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2000Co-Authors: Mehmet Sofuoglu, Scott Brown, Susan Dudish-poulsen, Dorothy K. HatsukamiAbstract:The individual variables that determine the effects of cocaine in humans are not well understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between the Subjective Response to cocaine and selected individual variables in cocaine-dependent participants. A single 0.4-mg/kg dose of smoked cocaine was received by 75 smoked cocaine users. The variables associated with increased Subjective Response to cocaine were male sex, presence of alcohol use, higher baseline Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores, and duration of cocaine use. The change in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure in Response to cocaine delivery were also positively associated with the Subjective Response to cocaine. In contrast, body weight, years of schooling, and the change in the heart rate with the expectation of cocaine delivery were associated with a diminished Subjective Response to cocaine. The importance of these variables in maintaining the cocaine use behavior needs to be studied further.
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Effects of labetalol treatment on the physiological and Subjective Response to smoked cocaine.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2000Co-Authors: Mehmet Sofuoglu, Scott Brown, David A Babb, Paul R. Pentel, Dorothy K. HatsukamiAbstract:Abstract Adrenergic receptors mediate some of the physiological and possibly behavioral effects of cocaine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treatment with a peripherally acting adrenergic blocking drug labetalol on the cardiovascular and Subjective Response to repeated deliveries of smoked cocaine. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 12 cocaine users were treated with a single 100 or 200 mg dose of labetalol, or placebo in each of three experimental sessions. Starting 2 h after the medication treatment, subjects received three doses of 0.4 mg/kg smoked cocaine, 30 min apart. Labetalol treatment significantly attenuated the cocaine-induced increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure. This effect of labetalol on the cardiovascular Response did not decrease with repeated cocaine deliveries. The Subjective Response to smoked cocaine deliveries was not affected by labetalol treatment. These results suggest that labetalol effectively attenueates the systolic blood pressure and heart rate increases induced by repeated doses of smoked cocaine, but does not alter Subjective effects.
David A. Mccurdy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Subjective Response of people to simulated sonic booms in their homes.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2004Co-Authors: David A. Mccurdy, Sherilyn A. Brown, R. David HilliardAbstract:In order to determine the effect of the number of sonic boom occurrences on annoyance, a computer-based system was developed for studying the Subjective Response of people to the occurrence of simulated sonic booms in their homes. The system provided a degree of control over the noise exposure not found in community surveys and a degree of situational realism not available in the laboratory. A system was deployed for eight weeks in each of 33 homes. Each day from 4 to 63 sonic booms were played as the test subject went about his or her normal activities. At the end of the day, the test subjects rated their annoyance to the sonic booms heard during the day. The sonic booms consisted of different combinations of waveforms, levels, and occurrence rates. The experiment confirmed that the increase in annoyance resulting from multiple occurrences can be modeled by the addition of the term "10 * log(number of occurrences)" to the sonic boom level. Of several noise metrics considered, perceived level was the best annoyance predictor. Comparisons of the Subjective Responses to the different sonic boom waveforms found no differences that were not accounted for by the noise metrics.
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Subjective Response to Simulated Sonic Booms in Homes
1996Co-Authors: David A. Mccurdy, Sherilyn A. BrownAbstract:One of the environmental issues affecting the development of a second-generation supersonic commercial transport is the impact of sonic booms on people. Aircraft designers are attempting to design the transport to produce sonic boom signatures that will have minimum impact on the public. Current supersonic commercial aircraft produce an 'N-wave' sonic boom pressure signature that is considered unacceptable by the public. This has resulted in first-generation supersonic transports being banned from flying supersonic over land in the United States, a severe economic constraint. By tailoring aircraft volume and lift distributions, designers hope to produce sonic boom signatures having specific shapes other than 'N-wave' that may be more acceptable to the public. As part of the effort to develop a second-generation supersonic commercial transport, Langley Research Center is conducting research to study people's Subjective Response to sonic booms. As part of that research, a system was developed for performing studies of the Subjective Response of people to the occurrence of simulated sonic booms in their homes. The In-Home Noise Generation/Response System (IHONORS) provides a degree of situational realism not available in the laboratory and a degree of control over the noise exposure not found in community surveys. The computer-controlled audio system generates the simulated sonic booms, measures the noise levels, and records the subjects' ratings and can be placed and operated in individual homes for extended periods of time. The system was used to conduct an in-home study of Subjective Response to simulated sonic booms. The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect on annoyance of the number of sonic boom occurrences in a realistic environment. The effects on annoyance of several other parameters were also examined. Initially, data analyses were based on all the data collected. However, further analyser found that test subjects adapted to the sonic booms during the first few days of exposure. The first eight days of each testing period consisted of eight introductory exposures that were repeated on randomly selected days later in the testing period. Comparison of the introductory exposures with their repeats indicated that the test subjects adapted to the new sonic boom noise environment during the first days of the testing period. Because of the adaptation occurring, the introductory days were deleted from the ds set and the analyses redone. This paper presents the updated analyses. Elimination of the introductory days did not significantly affect the results and conclusions of the initial analyses. This paper also presents analyses of the effects on annoyance of additional factors in the study not previously examined.
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An in-home study of Subjective Response to simulated sonic booms
1994Co-Authors: David A. Mccurdy, Sherilyn A. Brown, R. David HilliardAbstract:The proposed development of a second-generation supersonic commercial transport has resulted in increased research efforts to provide an environmentally acceptable aircraft. One of the environmental issues is the impact of sonic booms on people. Aircraft designers are attempting to design the transport to produce sonic boom signatures that will have minimum impact on the public. Current supersonic commercial aircraft produce an 'N-wave' sonic boom pressure signature that is considered unacceptable by the public. This has resulted in first-generation supersonic transports being banned from flying supersonically over land in the United States, a severe economic constraint. By tailoring aircraft volume and lift distributions, designers hope to produce sonic boom signatures having specific shapes other than 'N-wave' that may be more acceptable to the public and could possibly permit overland supersonic flight. As part of the effort to develop a second-generation supersonic commercial transport, Langley Research Center is conducting research to study people's Subjective Response to sonic booms. As part of that research, a system was developed for performing studies of the Subjective Response of people to the occurrence of simulated sonic booms in their homes. The In-Home Noise Generation/Response System (IHONORS) provides a degree of situational realism not available in the laboratory and a degree of control over the noise exposure not found in community surveys. The computer-controlled audio system generates the simulated sonic booms, measures the noise levels, and records the subjects' rating and can be placed and operated in individuals' homes for extended periods of time. The system was used to conduct an in-home study of Subjective Response to simulated sonic booms. The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect on annoyance of the number of sonic boom occurrences in a realistic environment.
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Subjective Response to sonic booms having different shapes, rise times, and durations
1994Co-Authors: David A. MccurdyAbstract:Two laboratory experiments were conducted to quantify the Subjective Response of people to simulated outdoor sonic booms having different pressure signatures. The specific objectives of the experiments were to compare Subjective Response to sonic booms when described in terms of 'loudness' and 'annoyance'; to determine the ability of various noise metrics to predict Subjective Response to sonic booms; to determine the effects on Subjective Response of rise time, duration, and level; and to compare the Subjective Response to 'N-wave' sonic boom signatures with the Subjective Response to 'minimized' sonic boom signatures. The experiments were conducted in a computer-controlled, man-rated sonic boom simulator capable of reproducing user-specified pressure signatures for a wide range of sonic boom parameters. One hundred and fifty sonic booms representing different combinations of two wave shapes, four rise times, seven durations, and three peak overpressures were presented to 36 test subjects in each experiment. The test subjects in the first experiment made judgments of 'loudness' while the test subjects in the second experiment judged 'annoyance.' Subjective Response to sonic booms was the same whether expressed in terms of loudness or in terms of annoyance. Analyses of several different noise metrics indicated that A-weighted sound exposure level and Perceived Level were the best predictors of Subjective Response. Further analyses indicated that, of these two noise metrics, only Perceived Level completely accounted for the effects of wave shape, rise time, and peak overpressure. Neither metric fully accounted for the effect of duration. However, the magnitude of the duration effect was small over the very wide range of durations considered.
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Effects of wave shape, rise time, and duration on Subjective Response to sonic booms.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1991Co-Authors: David A. MccurdyAbstract:A laboratory experiment was conducted to quantify the Subjective Response of people to sonic booms having different pressure signatures. The objectives were to (1) determine the effects of wave shape, rise time, and duration on Subjective Response; (2) assess the ability of different noise metrics to predict Subjective Response; and (3) compare ‘‘loudness’’ and ‘‘annoyance’’ as Subjective Response descriptors. The experiment was conducted in a computer‐controlled, man‐rated sonic boom simulator capable of reproducing user‐specified pressure signatures for a wide range of sonic boom parameters. One‐hundred fifty sonic booms, representing different combinations of two wave shapes, four rise times, seven durations, and three levels, were presented to each of 72 test subjects. One‐half of the subjects made judgments of ‘‘loudness’’ while the other half judged ‘‘annoyance.’’ Analyses of the judgments examine the effects on annoyance and loudness of wave shape, rise time, duration, and level. The ability of dif...
