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Renata Micha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health impact and cost effectiveness of volume tiered and absolute sugar content sugar sweetened Beverage tax policies in the united states
Circulation, 2020Co-Authors: Yujin Lee, Dariush Mozaffarian, Junxiu Liu, Parke Wilde, Matti Marklund, Shafika Abrahamsgessel, Thomas A Gaziano, Renata MichaAbstract:Background: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage taxes are a rapidly growing policy tool and can be based on absolute volume, sugar content tiers, or absolute sugar content. Yet, their comparative health and e...
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health impact and cost effectiveness of volume tiered and absolute sugar content sugar sweetened Beverage tax policies in the united states a microsimulation study
Circulation, 2020Co-Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Parke Wilde, Matti Marklund, Shafika Abrahamsgessel, Thomas A Gaziano, Stephen Sy, Renata MichaAbstract:BACKGROUND Sugar-Sweetened Beverage taxes are a rapidly growing policy tool and can be based on absolute volume, sugar content tiers, or absolute sugar content. Yet, their comparative health and economic impacts have not been quantified, in particular, tiered or sugar content taxes that provide industry incentives for sugar reduction. METHODS We estimated incremental changes in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, quality-adjusted life-years, costs, and cost-effectiveness of 3 Sugar-Sweetened Beverage tax designs in the United States, on the basis of (1) volume ($0.01/oz), (2) tiers ( 20 g/8 oz: $0.02/oz), and (3) absolute sugar content ($0.01 per teaspoon added sugar), each compared with a base case of modest ongoing voluntary industry reformulation. A validated microsimulation model, CVD-PREDICT (Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model for Risk, Events, Detection, Interventions, Costs, and Trends), incorporated national demographic and dietary data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, policy effects and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage-related diseases from meta-analyses, and industry reformulation and health-related costs from established sources. RESULTS Over a lifetime, the volume, tiered, and absolute sugar content taxes would generate $80.4 billion, $142 billion, and $41.7 billion in tax revenue, respectively. From a healthcare perspective, the volume tax would prevent 850 000 cardiovascular disease (95% CI, 836 000-864 000) and 269 000 diabetes mellitus (265 000-274 000) cases, gain 2.44 million quality-adjusted life-years (2.40-2.48), and save $53.2 billion net costs (52.3-54.1). Health gains and savings were approximately doubled for the tiered and absolute sugar content taxes. Results were robust for societal and government perspectives, at 10 years follow-up, and with lower (50%) tax pass-through. Health gains were largest in young adults, blacks and Hispanics, and lower-income Americans. CONCLUSIONS All Sugar-Sweetened Beverage tax designs would generate substantial health gains and savings. Tiered and absolute sugar content taxes should be considered and evaluated for maximal potential gains.
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Warning Policies in the Broader Legal Context: Health and Safety Warning Laws and the First Amendment.
American journal of preventive medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Jennifer L Pomeranz, Dariush Mozaffarian, Renata MichaAbstract:Introduction Health and safety warnings are a regular part of the consumer protection landscape. However, the only Sugar-Sweetened Beverage policy passed to date was found unconstitutional under the First Amendment. This paper evaluates Sugar-Sweetened Beverage warning policies in light of existing health and safety warnings on consumer products and the First Amendment. Methods In 2019, using LexisNexis, existing federal, state, and local health and safety warning laws for consumer products were identified. Then, bills proposed and laws passed through July 2019 that required Sugar-Sweetened Beverage warnings were examined. Finally, First Amendment case law related to warning and disclosure requirements was analyzed to identify outstanding questions about the constitutionality of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage warning policies. Results Warnings on consumer products provide key examples of long-established health and safety warning language, rationales for passage, and formatting requirements. Between 2011 and 2019, a total of 9 jurisdictions proposed 28 bills (including 1 law by San Francisco) requiring Sugar-Sweetened Beverage warnings on labels, advertisements, and at point of sale. This analysis highlighted outstanding First Amendment questions on permissible wording and formatting requirements and the need for evidence and rationales that focus on specific health harms of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. Warnings on labels and at point of sale may pose fewer First Amendment concerns than on advertisements. Conclusions Sugar-Sweetened Beverage warning policies that mirror health and safety warnings long established as permissible on other consumer products should be considered constitutional; however, evolving First Amendment jurisprudence leaves outstanding questions, especially on the interpretation of controversy, formatting requirements, and levels of required specificity for warning language.
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cost effectiveness of a us national sugar sweetened Beverage tax with a multistakeholder approach who pays and who benefits
American Journal of Public Health, 2019Co-Authors: Parke Wilde, Dariush Mozaffarian, Shafika Abrahamsgessel, Renata Micha, Yue Huang, Thiago Veiga Jardim, Robert Paarlberg, Thomas A GazianoAbstract:Objectives. To estimate the health impact and cost-effectiveness of a national penny-per-ounce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) tax, overall and with stratified costs and benefits for 9 distinct stakeholder groups.Methods. We used a validated microsimulation model (CVD PREDICT) to estimate cardiovascular disease reductions, quality-adjusted life years gained, and cost-effectiveness for US adults aged 35 to 85 years, evaluating full and partial consumer price pass-through.Results. From health care and societal perspectives, the SSB tax was highly cost-saving. When we evaluated health gains, taxes paid, and out-of-pocket health care savings for 6 distinct consumer categories, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from $20 247 to $42 662 per quality-adjusted life year for 100% price pass-through (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios similar with 50% pass-through). For the Beverage industry, net costs were $0.92 billion with 100% pass-through (largely tax-implementation costs) and $49.75 billion with 50...
Dariush Mozaffarian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health impact and cost effectiveness of volume tiered and absolute sugar content sugar sweetened Beverage tax policies in the united states
Circulation, 2020Co-Authors: Yujin Lee, Dariush Mozaffarian, Junxiu Liu, Parke Wilde, Matti Marklund, Shafika Abrahamsgessel, Thomas A Gaziano, Renata MichaAbstract:Background: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage taxes are a rapidly growing policy tool and can be based on absolute volume, sugar content tiers, or absolute sugar content. Yet, their comparative health and e...
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health impact and cost effectiveness of volume tiered and absolute sugar content sugar sweetened Beverage tax policies in the united states a microsimulation study
Circulation, 2020Co-Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Parke Wilde, Matti Marklund, Shafika Abrahamsgessel, Thomas A Gaziano, Stephen Sy, Renata MichaAbstract:BACKGROUND Sugar-Sweetened Beverage taxes are a rapidly growing policy tool and can be based on absolute volume, sugar content tiers, or absolute sugar content. Yet, their comparative health and economic impacts have not been quantified, in particular, tiered or sugar content taxes that provide industry incentives for sugar reduction. METHODS We estimated incremental changes in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, quality-adjusted life-years, costs, and cost-effectiveness of 3 Sugar-Sweetened Beverage tax designs in the United States, on the basis of (1) volume ($0.01/oz), (2) tiers ( 20 g/8 oz: $0.02/oz), and (3) absolute sugar content ($0.01 per teaspoon added sugar), each compared with a base case of modest ongoing voluntary industry reformulation. A validated microsimulation model, CVD-PREDICT (Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model for Risk, Events, Detection, Interventions, Costs, and Trends), incorporated national demographic and dietary data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, policy effects and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage-related diseases from meta-analyses, and industry reformulation and health-related costs from established sources. RESULTS Over a lifetime, the volume, tiered, and absolute sugar content taxes would generate $80.4 billion, $142 billion, and $41.7 billion in tax revenue, respectively. From a healthcare perspective, the volume tax would prevent 850 000 cardiovascular disease (95% CI, 836 000-864 000) and 269 000 diabetes mellitus (265 000-274 000) cases, gain 2.44 million quality-adjusted life-years (2.40-2.48), and save $53.2 billion net costs (52.3-54.1). Health gains and savings were approximately doubled for the tiered and absolute sugar content taxes. Results were robust for societal and government perspectives, at 10 years follow-up, and with lower (50%) tax pass-through. Health gains were largest in young adults, blacks and Hispanics, and lower-income Americans. CONCLUSIONS All Sugar-Sweetened Beverage tax designs would generate substantial health gains and savings. Tiered and absolute sugar content taxes should be considered and evaluated for maximal potential gains.
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Warning Policies in the Broader Legal Context: Health and Safety Warning Laws and the First Amendment.
American journal of preventive medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Jennifer L Pomeranz, Dariush Mozaffarian, Renata MichaAbstract:Introduction Health and safety warnings are a regular part of the consumer protection landscape. However, the only Sugar-Sweetened Beverage policy passed to date was found unconstitutional under the First Amendment. This paper evaluates Sugar-Sweetened Beverage warning policies in light of existing health and safety warnings on consumer products and the First Amendment. Methods In 2019, using LexisNexis, existing federal, state, and local health and safety warning laws for consumer products were identified. Then, bills proposed and laws passed through July 2019 that required Sugar-Sweetened Beverage warnings were examined. Finally, First Amendment case law related to warning and disclosure requirements was analyzed to identify outstanding questions about the constitutionality of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage warning policies. Results Warnings on consumer products provide key examples of long-established health and safety warning language, rationales for passage, and formatting requirements. Between 2011 and 2019, a total of 9 jurisdictions proposed 28 bills (including 1 law by San Francisco) requiring Sugar-Sweetened Beverage warnings on labels, advertisements, and at point of sale. This analysis highlighted outstanding First Amendment questions on permissible wording and formatting requirements and the need for evidence and rationales that focus on specific health harms of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. Warnings on labels and at point of sale may pose fewer First Amendment concerns than on advertisements. Conclusions Sugar-Sweetened Beverage warning policies that mirror health and safety warnings long established as permissible on other consumer products should be considered constitutional; however, evolving First Amendment jurisprudence leaves outstanding questions, especially on the interpretation of controversy, formatting requirements, and levels of required specificity for warning language.
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global patterns in price elasticities of sugar sweetened Beverage intake and potential effectiveness of tax policy a cross sectional study of 164 countries by sex age and global income decile
BMJ Open, 2019Co-Authors: Andrew Muhammad, Birgit Meade, David R Marquardt, Dariush MozaffarianAbstract:Objective To quantify global relationships between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) intake and prices and examine the potential effectiveness of tax policy. Design SSB intake data by country, age and sex from the Global Dietary Database were combined with gross domestic product and price data from the World Bank. Intake responsiveness to income and prices was estimated accounting for national income, age and sex differences. Setting 164 countries. Population Full adult population in each country. Main outcome measures A consumer demand modelling framework was used to estimate the relationship between SSB intake and prices and derive own-price elasticities (measures of percentage changes in intake from a 1% price change) globally by age and sex. We simulated how a 20% tax would impact SSB intake globally. Tax policy outcomes were examined across countries by global income decile for representative age and sex subgroups. Results Own-price responsiveness was highest in lowest income countries, ranging from −0.70 (p Conclusions These findings estimate the global price-responsiveness of SSB intake by age and sex, informing ongoing policy discussions on potential effects of taxes.
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cost effectiveness of a us national sugar sweetened Beverage tax with a multistakeholder approach who pays and who benefits
American Journal of Public Health, 2019Co-Authors: Parke Wilde, Dariush Mozaffarian, Shafika Abrahamsgessel, Renata Micha, Yue Huang, Thiago Veiga Jardim, Robert Paarlberg, Thomas A GazianoAbstract:Objectives. To estimate the health impact and cost-effectiveness of a national penny-per-ounce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) tax, overall and with stratified costs and benefits for 9 distinct stakeholder groups.Methods. We used a validated microsimulation model (CVD PREDICT) to estimate cardiovascular disease reductions, quality-adjusted life years gained, and cost-effectiveness for US adults aged 35 to 85 years, evaluating full and partial consumer price pass-through.Results. From health care and societal perspectives, the SSB tax was highly cost-saving. When we evaluated health gains, taxes paid, and out-of-pocket health care savings for 6 distinct consumer categories, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from $20 247 to $42 662 per quality-adjusted life year for 100% price pass-through (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios similar with 50% pass-through). For the Beverage industry, net costs were $0.92 billion with 100% pass-through (largely tax-implementation costs) and $49.75 billion with 50...
Sohyun Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women of Reproductive Age
Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Elizabeth A Lundeen, Sohyun Park, Jennifer A. Woo Baidal, Andrea J. Sharma, Heidi M BlanckAbstract:Objectives Frequent Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) intake is associated with weight gain in women, and pre-pregnancy overweight and excessive gestational weight gain are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. SSB intake information for women of reproductive age (WRA) is limited. We described SSB intake among non-pregnant and pregnant WRA and identified correlates of daily intake. Methods Using 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we analyzed SSB intake (regular soda, fruit drinks, sweet tea, sports/energy drinks) for 11,321 non-pregnant and 392 pregnant WRA (18–49 years) in 12 states and D.C. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for daily (≥ 1 time/day) SSB intake (reference:
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daily adolescent sugar sweetened Beverage intake is associated with select adolescent not parent attitudes about limiting sugary drink and junk food intake
American Journal of Health Promotion, 2020Co-Authors: Omoye E Imoisili, Sohyun Park, Elizabeth A Lundeen, Amy L Yaroch, Heidi M BlanckAbstract:Purpose:To examine associations of adolescent Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) intake with parent SSB intake and parent and adolescent attitudes about limiting SSB and junk food (SSB/JF) intake.Desig...
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permanent tooth loss and sugar sweetened Beverage intake in u s young adults
Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 2017Co-Authors: Sohyun ParkAbstract:Objective In young adults, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) intake is associated with dental caries, which in turn is a major contributor to tooth loss. The independent role of SSB intake on tooth loss, however, has not been well-described. This cross-sectional study examined associations between tooth loss and SSB intake among U.S. young adults. Methods The outcome was number of permanent teeth lost because of dental caries or periodontal disease (0, 1–5, ≥6 teeth). Data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used. The 22,526 adults aged 18-39 years completed the Sugar Drink Module. The exposure variable was daily frequency of SSB intake. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the adjusted associations between tooth loss and daily SSB consumption (0, >0 to 2 times/day). Results Approximately, 26% of young adults reported losing at least one permanent tooth. Tooth loss was positively associated with SSB intake frequency; the odds of losing 1–5 teeth were higher among adults drinking SSBs >0– 2 times/day (OR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.51–2.58) than non-SSB consumers. The odds of losing ≥6 teeth were higher among adults drinking SSBs 1–2 times/day (OR = 2.20, 95%CI = 1.15–4.22) and >2 times/day (OR = 2.81, 95%CI = 1.37–5.76) than non-SSB consumers. Conclusions Frequency of SSB consumption was positively associated with tooth loss among young adults even when the average SSB intake was less than one time per day. This study suggests that efforts to reduce SSB intake among young adults may help to decrease the risk of tooth loss.
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Among U.S. Adults, 2011-2014.
NCHS data brief, 2017Co-Authors: Asher Y. Rosinger, Kirsten A. Herrick, Jaime J. Gahche, Sohyun ParkAbstract:KEY FINDINGS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey •Almost two-thirds of boys and girls consumed at least one Sugar-Sweetened Beverage on a given day. •Boys consumed an average 164 kilocalories (kcal) from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, which contributed 7.3% of total daily caloric intake. Girls consumed an average 121 kcal from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, which contributed 7.2% of total daily caloric intake. •Among both boys and girls, older youth had the highest mean intake and percentage of daily calories from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages relative to younger children. •Non-Hispanic Asian boys and girls consumed the least calories and the lowest percentage of total calories from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages compared with non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic boys and girls. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages contribute calories and added sugars to the diets of U.S. children (1). Studies have suggested a link between the consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and dental caries, weight gain, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children (2-6). The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend reducing added sugars consumption to less than 10% of calories per day and, specifically, to choose Beverages with no added sugars (1). This report presents results for consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages among U.S. youth aged 2-19 years for 2011-2014 by sex, age, and race and Hispanic origin.
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Among U.S. Youth, 2011-2014.
NCHS data brief, 2017Co-Authors: Asher Y. Rosinger, Jaime J. Gahche, Kirsten Herrick, Sohyun ParkAbstract:Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey •Almost two-thirds of boys and girls consumed at least one Sugar-Sweetened Beverage on a given day. •Boys consumed an average 164 kilocalories (kcal) from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, which contributed 7.3% of total daily caloric intake. Girls consumed an average 121 kcal from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, which contributed 7.2% of total daily caloric intake. •Among both boys and girls, older youth had the highest mean intake and percentage of daily calories from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages relative to younger children. •Non-Hispanic Asian boys and girls consumed the least calories and the lowest percentage of total calories from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages compared with non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic boys and girls. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages contribute calories and added sugars to the diets of U.S. children (1). Studies have suggested a link between the consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and dental caries, weight gain, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children (2-6). The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend reducing added sugars consumption to less than 10% of calories per day and, specifically, to choose Beverages with no added sugars (1). This report presents results for consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages among U.S. youth aged 2-19 years for 2011-2014 by sex, age, and race and Hispanic origin.
Thomas A Gaziano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health impact and cost effectiveness of volume tiered and absolute sugar content sugar sweetened Beverage tax policies in the united states
Circulation, 2020Co-Authors: Yujin Lee, Dariush Mozaffarian, Junxiu Liu, Parke Wilde, Matti Marklund, Shafika Abrahamsgessel, Thomas A Gaziano, Renata MichaAbstract:Background: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage taxes are a rapidly growing policy tool and can be based on absolute volume, sugar content tiers, or absolute sugar content. Yet, their comparative health and e...
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health impact and cost effectiveness of volume tiered and absolute sugar content sugar sweetened Beverage tax policies in the united states a microsimulation study
Circulation, 2020Co-Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Parke Wilde, Matti Marklund, Shafika Abrahamsgessel, Thomas A Gaziano, Stephen Sy, Renata MichaAbstract:BACKGROUND Sugar-Sweetened Beverage taxes are a rapidly growing policy tool and can be based on absolute volume, sugar content tiers, or absolute sugar content. Yet, their comparative health and economic impacts have not been quantified, in particular, tiered or sugar content taxes that provide industry incentives for sugar reduction. METHODS We estimated incremental changes in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, quality-adjusted life-years, costs, and cost-effectiveness of 3 Sugar-Sweetened Beverage tax designs in the United States, on the basis of (1) volume ($0.01/oz), (2) tiers ( 20 g/8 oz: $0.02/oz), and (3) absolute sugar content ($0.01 per teaspoon added sugar), each compared with a base case of modest ongoing voluntary industry reformulation. A validated microsimulation model, CVD-PREDICT (Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model for Risk, Events, Detection, Interventions, Costs, and Trends), incorporated national demographic and dietary data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, policy effects and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage-related diseases from meta-analyses, and industry reformulation and health-related costs from established sources. RESULTS Over a lifetime, the volume, tiered, and absolute sugar content taxes would generate $80.4 billion, $142 billion, and $41.7 billion in tax revenue, respectively. From a healthcare perspective, the volume tax would prevent 850 000 cardiovascular disease (95% CI, 836 000-864 000) and 269 000 diabetes mellitus (265 000-274 000) cases, gain 2.44 million quality-adjusted life-years (2.40-2.48), and save $53.2 billion net costs (52.3-54.1). Health gains and savings were approximately doubled for the tiered and absolute sugar content taxes. Results were robust for societal and government perspectives, at 10 years follow-up, and with lower (50%) tax pass-through. Health gains were largest in young adults, blacks and Hispanics, and lower-income Americans. CONCLUSIONS All Sugar-Sweetened Beverage tax designs would generate substantial health gains and savings. Tiered and absolute sugar content taxes should be considered and evaluated for maximal potential gains.
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cost effectiveness of a us national sugar sweetened Beverage tax with a multistakeholder approach who pays and who benefits
American Journal of Public Health, 2019Co-Authors: Parke Wilde, Dariush Mozaffarian, Shafika Abrahamsgessel, Renata Micha, Yue Huang, Thiago Veiga Jardim, Robert Paarlberg, Thomas A GazianoAbstract:Objectives. To estimate the health impact and cost-effectiveness of a national penny-per-ounce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) tax, overall and with stratified costs and benefits for 9 distinct stakeholder groups.Methods. We used a validated microsimulation model (CVD PREDICT) to estimate cardiovascular disease reductions, quality-adjusted life years gained, and cost-effectiveness for US adults aged 35 to 85 years, evaluating full and partial consumer price pass-through.Results. From health care and societal perspectives, the SSB tax was highly cost-saving. When we evaluated health gains, taxes paid, and out-of-pocket health care savings for 6 distinct consumer categories, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from $20 247 to $42 662 per quality-adjusted life year for 100% price pass-through (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios similar with 50% pass-through). For the Beverage industry, net costs were $0.92 billion with 100% pass-through (largely tax-implementation costs) and $49.75 billion with 50...
Kristine A. Madsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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implementation of the first us sugar sweetened Beverage tax in berkeley ca 2015 2019
American Journal of Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Jennifer Falbe, Anna H. Grummon, Nadia Rojas, Suzanne Ryanibarra, Lynn D Silver, Kristine A. MadsenAbstract:Objectives. To identify lessons learned from implementation of the nation’s first Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) excise tax in 2015 in Berkeley, California.Methods. We interviewed city stakeholders...
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption 3 Years After the Berkeley, California, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax
American journal of public health, 2019Co-Authors: Matthew M. Lee, Jennifer Falbe, Dean Schillinger, Sanjay Basu, Charles E. Mcculloch, Kristine A. MadsenAbstract:Objectives. To estimate changes in Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) and water consumption 3 years after an SSB tax in Berkeley, California, relative to unexposed comparison neighborhoods.Methods. Dat...
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Growing Momentum for Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Campaigns and Policies: Costs and Considerations.
American journal of public health, 2017Co-Authors: Jennifer Falbe, Kristine A. MadsenAbstract:An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss an article in the issue which deals with a multiplatform mass media and public health campaign aimed at discouraging Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) consumption, and it mentions how SSBs contribute to obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
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impact of the berkeley excise tax on sugar sweetened Beverage consumption
American Journal of Public Health, 2016Co-Authors: Jennifer Falbe, Charles E. Mcculloch, Nadia Rojas, Hannah Thompson, Christina M Becker, Kristine A. MadsenAbstract:Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the excise tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) consumption in Berkeley, California, which became the first US jurisdiction to implement such a tax ($0.01/oz) in March 2015.Methods. We used a repeated cross-sectional design to examine changes in pre- to posttax Beverage consumption in low-income neighborhoods in Berkeley versus in the comparison cities of Oakland and San Francisco, California. A Beverage frequency questionnaire was interviewer administered to 990 participants before the tax and 1689 after the tax (approximately 8 months after the vote and 4 months after implementation) to examine relative changes in consumption.Results. Consumption of SSBs decreased 21% in Berkeley and increased 4% in comparison cities (P = .046). Water consumption increased more in Berkeley (+63%) than in comparison cities (+19%; P < .01).Conclusions. Berkeley’s excise tax reduced SSB consumption in low-income neighborhoods. Evaluating SSB taxes in other cities will improve understa...
