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Wei-ping Pan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Co-combustion characteristics and blending optimization of tobacco stem and high-Sulfur bituminous Coal based on thermogravimetric and mass spectrometry analyses
2020Co-Authors: Kaihua Zhang, Kai Zhang, Yan Cao, Wei-ping PanAbstract:h i g h l i g h t s " We propose an optimum blending ratio for co-combustion of tobacco stem and Coal. " We examine differences of combustion behaviors between tobacco stem and Coal. " Ignition property remains unchanged, but then improves as tobacco stem content rises. " Burnout property improves initially, but worsens as tobacco stem content increases. " Benefits from reductions of CO 2 and SO 2 emissions by blending don't extend to NO 2 . a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c t Despite much research on co-combustion of tobacco stem and high-Sulfur Coal, their blending optimization has not been effectively found. This study investigated the combustion profiles of tobacco stem, high-Sulfur bituminous Coal and their blends by thermogravimetric analysis. Ignition and burnout performances, heat release performances, and gaseous pollutant emissions were also studied by thermogravimetric and mass spectrometry analyses. The results indicated that combustion of tobacco stem was more complicated than that of high-Sulfur bituminous Coal, mainly shown as fixed carbon in it was divided into two portions with one early burning and the other delay burning. Ignition and burnout performances, heat release performances, and gaseous pollutant emissions of the blends present variable trends with the increase of tobacco stem content. Taking into account the above three factors, a blending ratio of 0-20% tobacco stem content is conservatively proposed as optimum amount for blending
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co combustion characteristics and blending optimization of tobacco stem and high Sulfur bituminous Coal based on thermogravimetric and mass spectrometry analyses
Bioresource Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Kaihua Zhang, Wei-ping Pan, Kai Zhang, Yan CaoAbstract:Despite much research on co-combustion of tobacco stem and high-Sulfur Coal, their blending optimization has not been effectively found. This study investigated the combustion profiles of tobacco stem, high-Sulfur bituminous Coal and their blends by thermogravimetric analysis. Ignition and burnout performances, heat release performances, and gaseous pollutant emissions were also studied by thermogravimetric and mass spectrometry analyses. The results indicated that combustion of tobacco stem was more complicated than that of high-Sulfur bituminous Coal, mainly shown as fixed carbon in it was divided into two portions with one early burning and the other delay burning. Ignition and burnout performances, heat release performances, and gaseous pollutant emissions of the blends present variable trends with the increase of tobacco stem content. Taking into account the above three factors, a blending ratio of 0–20% tobacco stem content is conservatively proposed as optimum amount for blending.
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characterization of ash deposition during co combustion of Coal with refuse derived fuels in a pilot fbc facility
17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, 2003Co-Authors: Jun Zhang, Wei-ping Pan, Kunlei Liu, J T RileyAbstract:This paper presents data from a recent investigation of the character of ash deposition in the convective zone (547°C to 338°C) in a 0.1 MWth bench-scale FBC system at Western Kentucky University. The ash deposit samples were collected during co-firing experiments using two Coals with various blends of a refuse-derived fuel (RDF). A low Sulfur Coal, a high Sulfur Coal, and commercially available RDF sample were selected to investigate the influence of Sulfur and chlorine in the fuels on the formation of ash deposits. Limestone was added to the combustor as the bed material and deSulfurization sorbent. The results showed that the formation of ash deposits had a close relationship to the active fine lime particles produced from the limestone. An increase in the concentration of SOx in the flue gas restricts the formation of the ash deposits because of the reaction between SOx and the fine lime particles, which drops the adhesive force of the fine lime particles by reducing the contact area among the particles. With an increase in the content of the RDF in the fuels, the rate of deposit of ash decreased because of the higher content of chlorine and aluminum, which also decreased the contact area among the particles, leading to a low deposition rate of the fly ash.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
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co firing high Sulfur Coal with refuse derived fuels technical progress report number_sign 11
Other Information: PBD: 31 May 1997, 1997Co-Authors: Wei-ping Pan, J T Riley, W G LloydAbstract:The objective of this quarter of study was to prepare fuel pellets containing PVC, newspaper and plastics to be co-fired with Coal in the AFBC combustor. The Western Kentucky University atmospheric fluidized bed combustion system requires the fuel to fall from a bunker into a lock-hopper, and from there into a mixing box where the fuel is auger-fed under pressure into the bottom of the fluidized bed. The fuel must flow freely out of the bunker and through the lock- hopper for proper feeding into the combustor. In order for the fuel to continuously fall through these units and into the mixing box during combustion, the density of the fuel and the size of the particles must meet certain requirements. The particles must be no larger than 3/8 inches in diameter and must have a density approaching that of Coal. Loose materials such as sawdust, shredded paper products and most shredded plastics do not feed properly in the WKU AFBC system. Bridging and blockage of feed chutes result, even with constant vibration of parts of the feed mechanism. It is not possible to run the AFBC system powered solely by these loose materials.
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co firing high Sulfur Coal with refuse derived fuels quarterly report october december 1996
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1996, 1996Co-Authors: Wei-ping Pan, J T Riley, W G LloydAbstract:The objectives of this quarter of study on the co-firing of high Sulfur Coal with refuse derived fuels project were two-fold. First, the effect of S0{sub 2} on the formation of chlorine during combustion processes was examined. To simulate the conditions used in the AFBC system, experiments were conducted in a quartz tube in an electrically heated furnace. The principle analytical technique used for identification of the products from this study was GC/MS. The evolved gas was trapped by an absorbent and analyzed with a GC/MS system. The preliminary results indicate an inhibiting effect of S0{sub 2} on the Deacon Reaction. Secondly, information on the evolution of chlorine, Sulfur and organic compounds from Coals 95031 and 95011 were studied with the AFBC system. 2 figs., 1 tab.
Binoy K. Saikia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oxidative chemical beneficiation of low quality Coals under low energy ultrasonic and microwave irradiation an environmental friendly approach
Journal of environmental chemical engineering, 2021Co-Authors: Binoy K. Saikia, James C. Hower, Monikankana Saikia, Tonkeswar Das, Luis F O Silva, Xing FanAbstract:Abstract The present environmentally-friendly Coal processing technology discussed herewith focuses on the combined effect of ultrasonic and microwave energy in the extent of mineral matter (ash yield) removal from high-Sulfur, low-quality Coals for their clean utilization. The novelty of this study is that the technique is very efficient instead of using drastic chemicals with less treatment time, less amount of reagent in comparison to the conventional method, and has the potential to adopt in large-scale commercial production of cleaner Coals. The quality of the cleaner Coal products was examined by using chemical analysis and advanced analytical techniques (electron beam analysis). The combined irradiation process of ultrasonic and microwave energy is observed to be the most effective for the beneficiation of high-Sulfur Coal than the single process. The result showed a maximum of 51.28% and 66.34% ash (mineral matter) removal from the Coal samples by microwave followed by an ultrasonic process. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that both inorganic and organic Sulfur is present in these Cenozoic low-rank, high-Sulfur Indian Coals. The high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) image analysis of the treated Coal samples showed nearly agglomerated collections of nanomaterials; carbon spheres/flacks with an irregular shape; and the elements such as oxygen, iron, silicon, Sulfur, and aluminum in the beneficiated Coal samples. The major mineral phases, including quartz, kaolinite, and gypsum, are found to be removed during the beneficiation process. The thermal analysis (TGA-DTG) also showed the suitability of the beneficiated Coals for the power plant application.
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Physico-chemical and elemental investigation of aqueous leaching of high Sulfur Coal and mine overburden from Ledo Coalfield of Northeast India
International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Madhulika Dutta, Durlov Saikia, Sanchita Chakravarty, Puja Khare, Binoy K. SaikiaAbstract:Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the major problems in high Sulfur Coal mining areas generating acidic water. The acidic mine water generated contain hazardous elements in varying concentrations. The Northeastern Indian Coalfield produces considerable amounts of AMD. The AMD and metal leaching from Coal and mine over burden (OB) are the two important naturally occurring processes. In order to know the AMD potential, the aqueous leaching experiment of a few Coal and OB samples from the Ledo colliery of the Northeastern Coalfield, Mergherita (India), at different time periods (1, 3, 5, and 8 h) and at different temperatures (25, 45, 65, and 90 °C) were performed in the laboratory. The physico-chemical analysis of the aqueous leachates shows the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solid (TDS) in the range of 1.62–3.52, 106–2006 µs/cm, and 106–1003 ppm for the raw Coal samples respectively. The OB samples produced pH, EC, and TDS in the range of 3.68–6.92, 48.6–480 µs/cm, and 69.5–240 ppm respectively. From the study, it was revealed that the concentrations of major (Si, Al, K, Na, Fe, Ca, Mg), minor (Mn) and trace/hazardous elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) considerably change with leaching time as well as with leaching temperature. Out of these elements As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, and Se are of greater environmental importance. Alteration of the physico-chemical structure of the Coal and OB samples resulting from leaching was also studied by field emission scanning electron microscope- energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy method. The release of the potentially hazardous elements from the raw Coal and OB during leaching time periods to the leachates was detected by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and ion-chromatographic analyses. The major minerals found in Coal and OB are quartz (SiO_2), pyrite (FeS_2), hematite, marcasite, and kaolinite. The association of different functional groups in minerals and their mode of association were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analytical techniques. The present laboratory study will be useful in relating the characteristics of aqueous leaching from Coal and mine OB with the natural weathering condition at the Coal mine area.
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feasibility studies of de Sulfurization and de ashing of low grade medium to high Sulfur Coals by low energy ultrasonication
Fuel, 2014Co-Authors: Binoy K. Saikia, Arju M Dutta, Bimala P BaruahAbstract:Abstract The present paper reports an attempt of using low ultrasonic energy (20 kHz) to clean some low rank medium to high Sulfur Coal samples from northeast India in the presence of H 2 O 2 solutions. The study shows satisfactory removal of all the forms of Sulfur and mineral matters (ash) from the Coal samples. The physico-chemical characterizations of the raw and ultrasonicated Coal samples were carried out by using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetry-Derivative Thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) techniques to evaluate the final product quality. The quantitative FT-IR spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the formation of oxidized Sulfur species (S O and SO 2 ) and their subsequent removal from the Coal samples during ultrasonication. The XRD profiles supported the partial removal of some minerals from the Coal including their de-ashing. The TG-DTG profiles of the beneficiated Coal revealed their improved quality for use in thermal plants with better combustion efficiency.
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extractive de Sulfurization and de ashing of high Sulfur Coals by oxidation with ionic liquids
Energy Conversion and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Binoy K. Saikia, Kakoli Khound, Bimala P BaruahAbstract:Abstract The environmental consequences of energy production from Coals are well known, and are driving the development of deSulfurization technologies. In this investigation, ionic liquids were examined for extractive deSulfurization and de-ashing in industrially important high Sulfur sub-bituminous Indian Coals. The ionic liquids, namely, 1- n -butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IL1) and 1- n -butyl 3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL2) were employed for deSulfurization of a few Indian Coal samples in presence of HCOOH/H 2 O 2 and V 2 O 5 . Results show the maximum removal of 50.20% of the total Sulfur, 48.00% of the organic Sulfur, and 70.37 wt% of the ash in this process. The ionic liquids were recovered and subsequently used for further deSulfurization. FT-IR spectra reveal the transformation of organic Sulfur functionalities into the sulfoxides (S O) and sulfones ( SO 2 ) due to the oxidative reactions. The sulfate, pyrite and sulfides (aryls) signals in the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) of the oxidized Coal samples showed Sulfur transformation during the deSulfurization process. The study demonstrates the removal of significant amount of inorganic as well as organic Sulfur (aryls) components from the original high Sulfur Coal samples to make them cleaner.
Richard Schmalensee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the political economy of market based environmental policy the u s acid rain program
The Journal of Law and Economics, 1998Co-Authors: Paul L Joskow, Richard SchmalenseeAbstract:The U.S. acid rain program enacted in 1990 gave valuable tradable Sulfur dioxide emissions permits—called “allowances”—to electric utilities. We examine the political economy of this allocation. Though no Senate or House votes were ever taken, hypothetical votes suggest that the actual allocation would have beaten plausible alternatives. While rent‐seeking behavior is apparent, statistical analysis of differences between actual and benchmark allocations indicates that the legislative process was more complex than simple models suggest. The Coalition of states that produced and burned high‐Sulfur Coal both failed to block acid rain legislation in 1990 and received fewer allowances than in plausible benchmark allocations. Some of these states may have received additional allowances to cover 1995—99 emissions by giving up allowances in later years, and some major Coal‐producing states seem to have focused on benefits for miners and on sustaining demand for high‐Sulfur Coal.
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the political economy of market based environmental policy the u s acid rain program
The Journal of Law and Economics, 1998Co-Authors: Paul L Joskow, Richard SchmalenseeAbstract:The U.S. acid rain program enacted in 1990 gave valuable tradable Sulfur dioxide emissions permits--called "allowances"--to electric utilities. We examine the political economy of this allocation. Though no Senate or House votes were ever taken, hypothetical votes suggest that the actual allocation would have beaten plausible alternatives. While rent-seeking behavior is apparent, statistical analysis of differences between actual and benchmark allocations indicates that the legislative process was more complex than simple models suggest. The Coalition of states that produced and burned high-Sulfur Coal both failed to block acid rain legislation in 1990 and received fewer allowances than in plausible benchmark allocations. Some of these states may have received additional allowances to cover 1995-99 emissions by giving up allowances in later years, and some major Coal-producing states seem to have focused on benefits for miners and on sustaining demand for high-Sulfur Coal. Copyright 1998 by the University of Chicago.
Xiang Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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formation transformation measurement and control of so3 in Coal fired power plants
Fuel, 2019Co-Authors: Chenghang Zheng, Zhengda Yang, Yifan Wang, Yong Liu, Chengsi Liang, Shaojun Liu, Xiang GaoAbstract:Abstract The formation and emission of Sulfur trioxide (SO3) in Coal-fired power plants has received increasing attention due to its adverse effects on the operation of plant and environment. With the wide application of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, the problem caused by SO3 has become severe, especially when high Sulfur Coal is burned. Emission regulations of SO3 for Coal-fired power plants, which promote the development of SO3 measurement and control technologies, have been set in some countries and regions. In this paper, recent advances in the formation, transformation, measurement, and control mechanism and technologies of SO3 in Coal-fired power plants were summarized. The formation mechanisms of SO3 in boiler and SCR systems and its form transition and corresponding effects on the performance of power plants were analyzed. Different SO3 test standards and methods were compared, and online SO3 monitor based on isopropanol absorption method were developed. Various SO3 control technologies, including simultaneous and specific removal technology, were summarized. Low-low temperature and wet electrostatic precipitators could remove up to 90% SO3/H2SO4 aerosol, and the removal efficiency of SO3 in wet flue gas deSulfurization can be enhanced to 80% by absorber optimization and inlet flue gas temperature decrease. For power plants that burn high-Sulfur Coal, the injection of alkaline sorbent before the SCR or air preheater system can remove more than 90% of SO3 to decrease the formation of NH4HSO4 and the pressure drop in the air preheater. High SO3 removal technology and strategies for different scenarios were proposed to meet different SO3 emission requirements in the future.
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Comprehensive understanding of SO3 effects on synergies among air pollution control devices in ultra-low emission power plants burning high-Sulfur Coal
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Zhengda Yang, Ye Jiang, Chenghang Zheng, Xiang Gao, Riyi LinAbstract:Abstract The environmental issue of SO3 pollution caused by Coal-fired power plants attracts increasing attention. This work focused on the synergies between air pollution control devices in a 660 MW power plant burning high-Sulfur Coal. Parameters such as gas temperature and flow rate were varied within wide ranges under actual conditions. Both continuously tested SO3 concentration and on-line operational data were combined to establish a correlation between device performance and operational parameter. Results indicated that the gas temperature acted as a bridge of synergies between the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP). The SO3 removal efficiency across the ESP increased from 60.3% to 91.1% with the gas temperature decreasing from 136.7 to 114.8 °C, leading to the increase in corona current and the decrease in spark-over frequency of WESP. Moreover, additional electric field stages are also effective to enhance the corona current and reduce spark-over frequency. Furthermore, deviations between the design and operational data within 0–100% loading provided a correction to appropriately choose the gas velocity. With the proposed countermeasures, the SO3 emission can achieve a favorable level less than 5 mg/m3. The research findings provide a valuable technical pathway to eliminate the SO3 emission from power plants burning high-Sulfur Coal.
W G Lloyd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co firing high Sulfur Coal with refuse derived fuels technical progress report number_sign 11
Other Information: PBD: 31 May 1997, 1997Co-Authors: Wei-ping Pan, J T Riley, W G LloydAbstract:The objective of this quarter of study was to prepare fuel pellets containing PVC, newspaper and plastics to be co-fired with Coal in the AFBC combustor. The Western Kentucky University atmospheric fluidized bed combustion system requires the fuel to fall from a bunker into a lock-hopper, and from there into a mixing box where the fuel is auger-fed under pressure into the bottom of the fluidized bed. The fuel must flow freely out of the bunker and through the lock- hopper for proper feeding into the combustor. In order for the fuel to continuously fall through these units and into the mixing box during combustion, the density of the fuel and the size of the particles must meet certain requirements. The particles must be no larger than 3/8 inches in diameter and must have a density approaching that of Coal. Loose materials such as sawdust, shredded paper products and most shredded plastics do not feed properly in the WKU AFBC system. Bridging and blockage of feed chutes result, even with constant vibration of parts of the feed mechanism. It is not possible to run the AFBC system powered solely by these loose materials.
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co firing high Sulfur Coal with refuse derived fuels quarterly report october december 1996
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1996, 1996Co-Authors: Wei-ping Pan, J T Riley, W G LloydAbstract:The objectives of this quarter of study on the co-firing of high Sulfur Coal with refuse derived fuels project were two-fold. First, the effect of S0{sub 2} on the formation of chlorine during combustion processes was examined. To simulate the conditions used in the AFBC system, experiments were conducted in a quartz tube in an electrically heated furnace. The principle analytical technique used for identification of the products from this study was GC/MS. The evolved gas was trapped by an absorbent and analyzed with a GC/MS system. The preliminary results indicate an inhibiting effect of S0{sub 2} on the Deacon Reaction. Secondly, information on the evolution of chlorine, Sulfur and organic compounds from Coals 95031 and 95011 were studied with the AFBC system. 2 figs., 1 tab.
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co firing high Sulfur Coal with refuse derived fuels technical progress report no 8 july 1996 august 1996
Other Information: PBD: 31 Aug 1996, 1996Co-Authors: Wei-ping Pan, J T Riley, W G LloydAbstract:The objective of this study was to examine the possible formation of chlorinated organic compounds during the combustion of blends of refuse derived fuels (RDF) and Coal under conditions similar to those of an atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) system. A series of experiments were conducted using a TGA interfaced to FTIR. Additional experiments using a tube furnace preheated to AFBC operating temperatures were also conducted. The combustion products were cryogenically trapped and analyzed with a GC/MS system. The chlorination of phenols and the condensation reactions of chlorophenols were investigated in this study. A possible mechanism for the formation of chlorinated organic compounds such as dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, by chlorination and condensation reactions involving phenols, was proposed.
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Coal firing Sulfur Coal with refuse derived fuels technical progress report number_sign 7 april june 1996
Other Information: PBD: 31 May 1996, 1996Co-Authors: Pan Weiping Riley J T, W G LloydAbstract:The objectives for this quarter of study on the co-firing of high Sulfur Coal with refuse derived fuels project were two-fold. First, the organic compounds tentatively identified as combustion products in the previous report were confirmed by comparing retention times with pure samples. Secondly, a reduced amount of unburned carbon in the fly ash and an oxygen concentration at about 3--6% in the flue gases were achieved by the addition of removable heat exchange tubes in the AFBC system.
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co firing high Sulfur Coal with refuse derived fuels technical progress report no 6 january march 1996
Other Information: PBD: 28 Feb 1997, 1996Co-Authors: Wei-ping Pan, J T Riley, W G LloydAbstract:The objectives for this quarter of study on the co-firing of high Sulfur Coals with refuse derived fuels were two-fold. First, the effects of different experimental parameters such as temperature, flow rates and reaction times on the formation of chlorinated organic compounds were studied using the tubular furnace as a reactor followed by GC/MS analysis. Secondly, the effect of fuel/air ratio on the flue gas composition and combustion efficiency were studied with the AFBC system.
