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S. Laurie Sanderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integration of swimming kinematics and ram Suspension Feeding in a model American paddlefish, Polyodon spathula.
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Grant Emerson Haines, S. Laurie SandersonAbstract:Ram Suspension-Feeding fishes swim with an open mouth to force water through the oral cavity and extract prey items that are too small to be pursued individually. Recent research has indicated that, rather than using a dead-end mechanical sieve, American paddlefish ( Polyodon spathula Walbaum) employ vortical cross-step filtration. In this filtration mechanism, vortical flow that is generated posterior to the branchial arches organizes crossflow filtration processes into a spatial structure across the gill rakers. Despite the known impact of locomotor kinematics on fluid flow around the bodies of swimming fish, the effects of locomotor kinematics on filtration mechanisms in ram Suspension feeders are unknown. Potential temporal organization of filtration mechanisms in ram Suspension-Feeding fish has not been studied previously. We investigated the effects of locomotor kinematics associated with undulatory swimming on intra-oral flow patterns and food particle transport. A mechanized model of the oral cavity was used to simulate the swimming kinematics of Suspension-Feeding paddlefish. We recorded fluctuations of flow speed and pressure within the model, which occurred at a frequency that corresponded with the frequency of the model9s strides. Using the mechanized model in a flow tank seeded with Artemia cysts, we also showed that swimming kinematics aided the transport of this simulated food to the posterior margins of the gill slots, although the time scale of this transport is expected to vary with prey parameters such as size and concentration. Dye stream experiments revealed that, while stable vortical flow formed due to flow separation downstream of backward-facing steps in control trials, vortical flow structures in mechanized trials repeatedly formed and shed. These findings suggest strong integration between locomotor and Feeding systems in ram Suspension-Feeding fishes.
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Particle retention in Suspension-Feeding fish after removal of filtration structures.
Zoology (Jena Germany), 2013Co-Authors: Jennifer C. Smith, S. Laurie SandersonAbstract:The Suspension-Feeding cichlids Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) and Oreochromis esculentus (ngege tilapia) are able to selectively retain small food particles. The gill rakers and microbranchiospines of these species have been assumed to function as filters. However, surgical removal of these oral structures, which also removed associated mucus, did not significantly affect the total number of 11-200 μm particles ingested by the fish. This result supports the hypothesis that the branchial arch surfaces themselves play an important role in crossflow filtration. Both species selectively retained microspheres greater than 50 μm with gill rakers and microbranchiospines intact as well as removed, demonstrating that neither these structures nor mucus are necessary for size selectivity to occur during biological crossflow filtration. After removal of the gill rakers and microbranchiospines, O. esculentus retained significantly more microspheres 51-70 μm in diameter and fewer 91-130 μm microspheres compared to retention with intact structures, but the particle size selectivity of O. aureus was not affected significantly. These results support conclusions from previous computational fluid dynamics simulations indicating that particle size can have marked effects on particle trajectory and retention inside the fish oropharyngeal cavity during crossflow filtration. The substantial inter-individual variability in particle retention by Suspension-Feeding fish is an unexplored area of research with the potential to increase our understanding of the factors influencing particle retention during biological filtration.
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Effects of prey type on Suspension-Feeding behavior in Nile tilapia
Hydrobiologia, 2002Co-Authors: S. Laurie Sanderson, K. Lara AckermannAbstract:Quantitative analysis of Feeding behavior in the Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(Linn.), assessed the frequencies and functions of five behaviors (long pumps, short pumps, benthic pumps, reversals, spits) during Suspension Feeding on four prey types (whole TetraMin flakes, crushed TetraMin flakes, brine shrimp, bacteria). We tested the hypothesis that Suspension-Feeding behavior is affected by prey type. Long pumps occurred significantly more frequently (p= 0.01) during Feeding on bacteria (2–8 ×105 cells ml−1) than on other prey. Short pumps, with a substantially reduced gape and significantly shorter duration (p < 0.0001) relative to long pumps, appeared to separate organic particles from inorganic material such as gravel. Benthic pumps were directed at food that had settled on the substrate, which also resuspended organic particles into the aquarium water due to substrate disturbance. Reversals, shown previously to generate a posterior to anterior water flow within the oral cavity, function both to separate organic from inorganic particles by reSuspension within the oral cavity and to transport prey retained in mucus. Spits expelled inorganic material through the mouth, and occurred significantly less frequently (p = 0.04) during Feeding on brine shrimp versus whole or crushed flakes. Prey type affects the frequency of specific behaviors for prey collection and processing during Suspension Feeding, providing insight into the functions of these behaviors.
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Particle retention by non-Suspension-Feeding cyprinid fishes
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1998Co-Authors: S. Laurie Sanderson, Mark E. Mort, Joseph J CechAbstract:Insectivorous Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) and omnivorous benthic-Feeding California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus) were exposed to suspended styrene microspheres (31-90 µm) or brine shrimp cysts (210-300 µm) in the presence of finely crushed Tetramin flakes or adult Artemia. These fish species retained small numbers of microspheres, and significantly more brine shrimp cysts than microspheres. During a 10-min period, they swallowed all of the brine shrimp cysts from a volume of water equivalent to 1-15 times their body volume. Squawfish and roach do not possess the morphological features of the branchial apparatus and palate that are associated with Suspension Feeding in confamilial Sacramento blackfish (Orthodon microlepidotus). The brine shrimp cysts could have been trapped between squawfish and roach gill rakers, while the microspheres as well as the brine shrimp cysts could have been retained on mucus-covered buccopharyngeal surfaces. These results suggest that non-Suspension-feedin...
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Evidence for ram Suspension Feeding by the piscivore, Seriola dumerili (Carangidae)
Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1996Co-Authors: S. Laurie Sanderson, Catherine R. Chesnutt, Phillip S. LobelAbstract:We have quantitatively analyzed a videotape of Seriola dumerili (Carangidae) displaying ram Suspension-Feeding behavior and ram ventilation in the field. This is the first report of facultative Suspension Feeding by a piscivorous carangid. The intraoral morphology of S. dumerili is not typical of ram Suspension-Feeding fishes in that closely-spaced, long gill rakers are lacking. While the mechanism of particle retention is not known for any ram Suspension-Feeding fish species, scanning electron microscopy revealed denticles on the branchial surfaces of S. dumerili that could play a role in particle entrapment.
S Jurgens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Suspension Feeding in bithynia tentaculata prosobranchia bithyniidae as affected by body size food and temperature
Oecologia, 1993Co-Authors: Heinz Brendelberger, S JurgensAbstract:The Suspension Feeding of Bithynia tentaculata was tested in laboratory experiments. The animals were fed in 1-1 aerated glass beakers, and filtration rates were calculated from changes in cell concentrations during the 6-h experiment. Temperature influenced the filtering rate, with minimum values of 5ml · ind−1 · h−1 at 5° C and maxima of 17.2 ml · ind−1 · h−1 at 18° C. Three food species of different size, motility and cell surface characteristics (Chlamydomonas reinhardii, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorogonium elongatum) did not affect filtration rates. Suspension Feeding increased with increasing food concentrations up to 12 nl · ml−1, above which Feeding rate was kept constant by lowering the filtering rates. Even the smallest animals tested (<4 mm body length) were found to be Feeding on suspended food at a rate of 2.7 ml · ind−1 · h−1, and increasing rates up to 8.4 ml were found in the 6–7 mm size class. All size classes of Bithynia showed a circannual fluctuation of their filtration rates. The ecological consequences of Bithynia's ability to switch between two Feeding modes, grazing and Suspension Feeding, are discussed.
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Suspension Feeding in Bithynia tentaculata (Prosobranchia, Bithyniidae), as affected by body size, food and temperature
Oecologia, 1993Co-Authors: Heinz Brendelberger, S JurgensAbstract:The Suspension Feeding of Bithynia tentaculata was tested in laboratory experiments. The animals were fed in 1-1 aerated glass beakers, and filtration rates were calculated from changes in cell concentrations during the 6-h experiment. Temperature influenced the filtering rate, with minimum values of 5ml · ind−1 · h−1 at 5° C and maxima of 17.2 ml · ind−1 · h−1 at 18° C. Three food species of different size, motility and cell surface characteristics (Chlamydomonas reinhardii, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorogonium elongatum) did not affect filtration rates. Suspension Feeding increased with increasing food concentrations up to 12 nl · ml−1, above which Feeding rate was kept constant by lowering the filtering rates. Even the smallest animals tested (
Laurie S Sanderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oropharyngeal morphology related to filtration mechanisms in Suspension Feeding american shad clupeidae
Journal of Experimental Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Timothy James Storm, Katherine Ericson Nolan, Erin Roberts, Laurie S SandersonAbstract:To assess potential filtration mechanisms, scanning electron microscopy was used in a comprehensive quantification and analysis of the morphology and surface ultrastructure for all five branchial arches in the ram Suspension-Feeding fish, American shad (Alosa sapidissima, Clupeidae). The orientation of the branchial arches and the location of mucus cells on the gill rakers were more consistent with mechanisms of crossflow filtration and cross-step filtration rather than conventional dead-end sieving. The long, thin gill rakers could lead to a large area for the exit of water from the oropharyngeal cavity during Suspension Feeding (high fluid exit ratio). The substantial elongation of gill rakers along the dorsal-ventral axis formed d-type ribs with a groove aspect ratio of 0.5 and a Reynolds number of approximately 500, consistent with the potential operation of cross-step filtration. Mucus cell abundance differed significantly along the length of the raker and the height of the raker. The mucus cell abundance data and the observed sloughing of denticles along the gill raker margins closest to the interior of the oropharyngeal cavity suggest that gill raker growth may occur primarily at the raker tips, the denticle bases, and the internal raker margins along the length of the raker. These findings will be applied in ongoing experiments with 3D-printed physical models of fish oral cavities in flow tanks, and in future ecological studies on the diet and nutrition of Suspension-Feeding fishes.
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particle retention during respiration and particulate Feeding in the Suspension Feeding blackfish orthodon microlepidotus
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1995Co-Authors: Laurie S Sanderson, Joseph J CechAbstract:Juvenile blackfish (Orthodon microlepidotus) retained styrene microspheres (30–90 μm) during respiration in the absence of food. The fish retained significantly more microspheres when particulate Feeding on Artemia adults, Suspension Feeding on Artemia nauplii, or in the presence of Artemia extract than when respiring in the absence of food. The frequency distribution of microsphere sizes retained during respiration did not differ significantly from that retained during Feeding, a result that is consistent with the hypothesis that the site and method of particle retention during respiration and particulate Feeding do not differ from those operating during Suspension Feeding. There was significant interindividual variability in the number of particles retained. Some individuals retained consistently fewer microspheres than other individuals of similar size and age, suggesting that further study is needed to quantify interindividual variation in other factors (e.g., stroke volume, ventilation rate, or mucus...
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energetic cost of Suspension Feeding versus particulate Feeding by juvenile sacramento blackfish
Transactions of The American Fisheries Society, 1992Co-Authors: Laurie S Sanderson, Joseph J CechAbstract:Abstract All species of Suspension-Feeding teleost fishes switch from particulate Feeding to Suspension Feeding at a standard length of about 2–5 cm. Although this ontogenetic shift in Feeding mode is suggestive of an energetic or biophysical constraint that restricts small fishes to particulate Feeding, there have been no comparisons of the energetic costs of pump Suspension Feeding and particulate Feeding based on oxygen consumption data. We found that the O2 consumption (mg O2/[g body weights·h]) associated with the capture of prey by juvenile Sacramento blackfish Orthodon microlepidotus (Cyprinidae) during pump Suspension Feeding on small zooplankton did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from that measured during particulate Feeding on large zooplankton. The metabolic cost of energy acquisition (mg O2/[g body weights·103 J prey consumed]) was approximately 2.5 times higher (P ≤ 0.02) for pump Suspension Feeding than for particulate Feeding. However, because the actual energy expenditure during the f...
Heinz Brendelberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Suspension Feeding in bithynia tentaculata prosobranchia bithyniidae as affected by body size food and temperature
Oecologia, 1993Co-Authors: Heinz Brendelberger, S JurgensAbstract:The Suspension Feeding of Bithynia tentaculata was tested in laboratory experiments. The animals were fed in 1-1 aerated glass beakers, and filtration rates were calculated from changes in cell concentrations during the 6-h experiment. Temperature influenced the filtering rate, with minimum values of 5ml · ind−1 · h−1 at 5° C and maxima of 17.2 ml · ind−1 · h−1 at 18° C. Three food species of different size, motility and cell surface characteristics (Chlamydomonas reinhardii, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorogonium elongatum) did not affect filtration rates. Suspension Feeding increased with increasing food concentrations up to 12 nl · ml−1, above which Feeding rate was kept constant by lowering the filtering rates. Even the smallest animals tested (<4 mm body length) were found to be Feeding on suspended food at a rate of 2.7 ml · ind−1 · h−1, and increasing rates up to 8.4 ml were found in the 6–7 mm size class. All size classes of Bithynia showed a circannual fluctuation of their filtration rates. The ecological consequences of Bithynia's ability to switch between two Feeding modes, grazing and Suspension Feeding, are discussed.
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Suspension Feeding in Bithynia tentaculata (Prosobranchia, Bithyniidae), as affected by body size, food and temperature
Oecologia, 1993Co-Authors: Heinz Brendelberger, S JurgensAbstract:The Suspension Feeding of Bithynia tentaculata was tested in laboratory experiments. The animals were fed in 1-1 aerated glass beakers, and filtration rates were calculated from changes in cell concentrations during the 6-h experiment. Temperature influenced the filtering rate, with minimum values of 5ml · ind−1 · h−1 at 5° C and maxima of 17.2 ml · ind−1 · h−1 at 18° C. Three food species of different size, motility and cell surface characteristics (Chlamydomonas reinhardii, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorogonium elongatum) did not affect filtration rates. Suspension Feeding increased with increasing food concentrations up to 12 nl · ml−1, above which Feeding rate was kept constant by lowering the filtering rates. Even the smallest animals tested (
Joseph J Cech - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Particle retention by non-Suspension-Feeding cyprinid fishes
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1998Co-Authors: S. Laurie Sanderson, Mark E. Mort, Joseph J CechAbstract:Insectivorous Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) and omnivorous benthic-Feeding California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus) were exposed to suspended styrene microspheres (31-90 µm) or brine shrimp cysts (210-300 µm) in the presence of finely crushed Tetramin flakes or adult Artemia. These fish species retained small numbers of microspheres, and significantly more brine shrimp cysts than microspheres. During a 10-min period, they swallowed all of the brine shrimp cysts from a volume of water equivalent to 1-15 times their body volume. Squawfish and roach do not possess the morphological features of the branchial apparatus and palate that are associated with Suspension Feeding in confamilial Sacramento blackfish (Orthodon microlepidotus). The brine shrimp cysts could have been trapped between squawfish and roach gill rakers, while the microspheres as well as the brine shrimp cysts could have been retained on mucus-covered buccopharyngeal surfaces. These results suggest that non-Suspension-feedin...
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particle retention during respiration and particulate Feeding in the Suspension Feeding blackfish orthodon microlepidotus
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1995Co-Authors: Laurie S Sanderson, Joseph J CechAbstract:Juvenile blackfish (Orthodon microlepidotus) retained styrene microspheres (30–90 μm) during respiration in the absence of food. The fish retained significantly more microspheres when particulate Feeding on Artemia adults, Suspension Feeding on Artemia nauplii, or in the presence of Artemia extract than when respiring in the absence of food. The frequency distribution of microsphere sizes retained during respiration did not differ significantly from that retained during Feeding, a result that is consistent with the hypothesis that the site and method of particle retention during respiration and particulate Feeding do not differ from those operating during Suspension Feeding. There was significant interindividual variability in the number of particles retained. Some individuals retained consistently fewer microspheres than other individuals of similar size and age, suggesting that further study is needed to quantify interindividual variation in other factors (e.g., stroke volume, ventilation rate, or mucus...
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energetic cost of Suspension Feeding versus particulate Feeding by juvenile sacramento blackfish
Transactions of The American Fisheries Society, 1992Co-Authors: Laurie S Sanderson, Joseph J CechAbstract:Abstract All species of Suspension-Feeding teleost fishes switch from particulate Feeding to Suspension Feeding at a standard length of about 2–5 cm. Although this ontogenetic shift in Feeding mode is suggestive of an energetic or biophysical constraint that restricts small fishes to particulate Feeding, there have been no comparisons of the energetic costs of pump Suspension Feeding and particulate Feeding based on oxygen consumption data. We found that the O2 consumption (mg O2/[g body weights·h]) associated with the capture of prey by juvenile Sacramento blackfish Orthodon microlepidotus (Cyprinidae) during pump Suspension Feeding on small zooplankton did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from that measured during particulate Feeding on large zooplankton. The metabolic cost of energy acquisition (mg O2/[g body weights·103 J prey consumed]) was approximately 2.5 times higher (P ≤ 0.02) for pump Suspension Feeding than for particulate Feeding. However, because the actual energy expenditure during the f...
