The Experts below are selected from a list of 183 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Faming Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Empirical Equations for Intrinsic and Effective Evaporative Resistances of Multi-layer Clothing Ensembles
Industria Textila, 2020Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Xiaohong Zhou, E. Ji, Shanyuan WangAbstract:To determine the intrinsic and effective clothing evaporative resistances,both in the individual clothing, and in the nulti-layer clothing ensembles meant for winter season, a fabric Sweating Thermal Manikin Walter was used. Based on the tests performed on the individual garments, two empirical equations were developed for the estimation of these resistances, useful either to clothing manufacturers- to roughly estimate the clothing intrinsic/effective evaporative resistance, or to consumers-to assure them an optimal Thermal comfort.
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Comparisons of Thermal and Evaporative Resistances of Kapok Coats and Traditional Down Coats
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2020Co-Authors: Faming WangAbstract:The main aim of this paper is to contribute to finding a good solution to the ethical problem of live plucking. The use of new eco-environmental kapok fibres as a coat filler substitute for traditional duckling down was reported. The physical structures of kapok fibre were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Thermal and evaporative resistance properties of twelve sets of traditional duckling down coats and kapok coats were measured and compared using a novel Sweating Thermal Manikin called "Walter". The results showed that there are no significant statistical differences in Thermal and evaporative resistances among traditional duckling down coats and kapok coats. It was also found that there is the best mix rate of material and air trapped inside, which provides the best Thermal resistance for the coat. Finally, we proposed that kapok fibres be used as a coat filling to lower the product price. Most importantly, the use of kapok fibre results in as good Thermal and evaporative resistances of a coat as with traditional duckling down.
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measurements of clothing evaporative resistance using a Sweating Thermal Manikin an overview
Industrial Health, 2017Co-Authors: Faming WangAbstract:: Evaporative resistance has been widely used to describe the evaporative heat transfer property of clothing. It is also a critical variable in heat stress models for predicting human physiological responses in various environmental conditions. At present, Sweating Thermal Manikins provide a fast and cost-effective way to determine clothing evaporative resistance. Unfortunately, the measurement repeatability and reproducibility of evaporative resistance are rather low due to the complicated moisture transfer processes through clothing. This review article presents a systematical overview on major influential factors affecting the measurement precision of clothing evaporative resistance measurements. It also illustrates the state-of-the-art knowledge on the development of test protocol to measure clothing evaporative resistance by means of a Sweating Manikin. Some feasible and robust test procedures for measurement of clothing evaporative resistance using a Sweating Manikin are described. Recommendations on how to improve the measurement accuracy of clothing evaporative resistance are addressed and expected future trends on development of advanced Sweating Thermal Manikins are finally presented.
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The relationship between air layers and evaporative resistance of male Chinese ethnic clothing
Applied Ergonomics, 2016Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Hui PengAbstract:Abstract In this study, the air layer distribution and evaporative resistances of 39 sets of male Chinese ethnic clothing were investigated using a Sweating Thermal Manikin and the three-dimensional (3D) body scanning technique. Relationships between the evaporative resistance and air layers (i.e., air gap thickness and air volume) were explored. The results demonstrated that the clothing total evaporative resistance increases with the increasing air gap size/air volume, but the rate of increase gradually decreases as the mean air gap size or the total air volume becomes larger. The clothing total evaporative resistance reaches its maximum when the average air gap size and the total air volume are 41.6 mm and 69.9 dm 3 , respectively. Similar general trends were also found between local mean air gap size and clothing local evaporative resistance at different body parts. However, different body parts show varied rates of increase and decrease in the local evaporative resistance. The research findings provide a comprehensive database for predicting overall and local human Thermal comfort while wearing male Chinese ethnic clothing.
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Development of Empirical Equations to Predict Sweating Skin Surface Temperature for Thermal Manikins in Warm Environments.
2016Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar HolmérAbstract:Clothing evaporative resistance is one of the most important parameters for clothing comfort. The clothing evaporation resistance can be measured on a Sweating guarded hotplate, a Sweating Thermal Manikin or a human subject. The Sweating Thermal Manikin gives the most accurate value on evaporative resistance of the whole garment ensemble compared to the other two methods. The determination of clothing evaporative resistance on a Thermal Manikin requires Sweating simulation. This can be achieved by either a pre-wetted fabric skin on top of the Manikin (TORE), or a waterproof but permeable Gore-tex skin filled with water inside. The addition of a fabric skin can introduce a temperature difference between the Manikin surface and the Sweating skin surface. However, calculations on clothing evaporative resistance have often been based on the Thermal Manikin surface temperature. A previous study showed that the temperature differences can cause an error up to 35.9 % on the clothing evaporative resistance. In order to reduce such an error, an empirical equation to predict the skin surface temperature might be helpful. In this study, a cotton knit fabric skin and a Gore-tex skin were used to simulate two types of Sweating. The cotton fabric skin was rinsed with tap water and centrifuged in a washing machine for 4 seconds to ensure no water drip. A Gore-tex skin was put on top of the pre-wetted cotton skin on a dry heated Thermal Manikin ‘Tore’ in order to simulate senseless Sweating, similar to Thermal Manikins ‘Coppelius’ and ‘Walter’. Another simulation involved the pre-wetted fabric skin covered on top of the Gore-tex skin in order to simulate sensible Sweating. This type of Sweating simulation can be widely found on many Thermal Manikins worldwide, e.g. ‘Newton’. Six temperature sensors (Sensirion Inc, Switzerland) were attached on six sites of the skin outer surface by white thread rings to record the skin surface temperature. Twelve skin tests for each skin combination were performed at three different ambient temperatures: 34, 25 and 20 oC. Two empirical equations to predict the skin surface temperature were developed based on the mean Manikin surface temperature, mean fabric skin surface temperature and the total heat loss. The prediction equations for the senseless Sweating and sensible Sweating on the Thermal Manikin ‘Tore’ were Tsk=34.0-0.0146HL and Tsk=34.0-0.0190HL, respectively. Further study should validate these two empirical equations, however. (Less)
Ingvar Holmér - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of Empirical Equations to Predict Sweating Skin Surface Temperature for Thermal Manikins in Warm Environments.
2016Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar HolmérAbstract:Clothing evaporative resistance is one of the most important parameters for clothing comfort. The clothing evaporation resistance can be measured on a Sweating guarded hotplate, a Sweating Thermal Manikin or a human subject. The Sweating Thermal Manikin gives the most accurate value on evaporative resistance of the whole garment ensemble compared to the other two methods. The determination of clothing evaporative resistance on a Thermal Manikin requires Sweating simulation. This can be achieved by either a pre-wetted fabric skin on top of the Manikin (TORE), or a waterproof but permeable Gore-tex skin filled with water inside. The addition of a fabric skin can introduce a temperature difference between the Manikin surface and the Sweating skin surface. However, calculations on clothing evaporative resistance have often been based on the Thermal Manikin surface temperature. A previous study showed that the temperature differences can cause an error up to 35.9 % on the clothing evaporative resistance. In order to reduce such an error, an empirical equation to predict the skin surface temperature might be helpful. In this study, a cotton knit fabric skin and a Gore-tex skin were used to simulate two types of Sweating. The cotton fabric skin was rinsed with tap water and centrifuged in a washing machine for 4 seconds to ensure no water drip. A Gore-tex skin was put on top of the pre-wetted cotton skin on a dry heated Thermal Manikin ‘Tore’ in order to simulate senseless Sweating, similar to Thermal Manikins ‘Coppelius’ and ‘Walter’. Another simulation involved the pre-wetted fabric skin covered on top of the Gore-tex skin in order to simulate sensible Sweating. This type of Sweating simulation can be widely found on many Thermal Manikins worldwide, e.g. ‘Newton’. Six temperature sensors (Sensirion Inc, Switzerland) were attached on six sites of the skin outer surface by white thread rings to record the skin surface temperature. Twelve skin tests for each skin combination were performed at three different ambient temperatures: 34, 25 and 20 oC. Two empirical equations to predict the skin surface temperature were developed based on the mean Manikin surface temperature, mean fabric skin surface temperature and the total heat loss. The prediction equations for the senseless Sweating and sensible Sweating on the Thermal Manikin ‘Tore’ were Tsk=34.0-0.0146HL and Tsk=34.0-0.0190HL, respectively. Further study should validate these two empirical equations, however. (Less)
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A Study on Local Cooling of Garments with Ventilation Fans and Openings Placed at Different Torso Sites
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2013Co-Authors: Mengmeng Zhao, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar Holmér, Faming Wang, Jun LiAbstract:Abstract in Undetermined The aim of the study was to examine the various design features of ventilated garments on cooling performance. Five jackets with small ventilation units and closable openings were designed. The ventilation units with a flow rate of 12 l/s were placed at five different torso sites. They were examined on a Sweating Thermal Manikin in four clothing opening conditions in a warm environment (Ta=TManikin=34 °C, RH=60 %, Va=0.4 m/s). Total torso cooling was increased by 137 to 251 %, and clothing total dynamic evaporative resistance was decreased by 43 to 69 %. Neither the ventilation location nor the opening design had a significant difference on total torso cooling. The ventilation location had a significant difference on localized intra-torso cooling, but not the opening design. When the ventilation units were placed at the local zone where it was ventilated, that zone underwent the highest cooling than other local zones. The study indicated that the ventilation units should be placed at the region where it required the most evaporative cooling, e.g. along the spine area and the lower back. The openings could be adjusted (closed or opened) to make comfortable air pressure for the wearers but without making significant difference on the whole torso cooling under this flow rate. (Less)
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A study on local cooling of garments with ventilation fans and openings placed at different torso sites
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2013Co-Authors: Mengmeng Zhao, Chuansi Gao, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar Holmér, Faming Wang, Jun LiAbstract:The aim of the study was to examine the various design features of ventilated garments on cooling performance. Five jackets with small ventilation units and closable openings were designed. The ventilation units with a flow rate of 12 l/s were placed at five different torso sites. They were examined on a Sweating Thermal Manikin in four clothing opening conditions in a warm environment (Ta = TManikin = 34 °C, RH = 60%, Va = 0.4 m/s). Total torso cooling was increased by 137-251%, and clothing total dynamic evaporative resistance was decreased by 43-69%. Neither the ventilation location nor the opening design had a significant difference on total torso cooling. The ventilation location had a significant difference on localized intra-torso cooling, but not the opening design. When the ventilation units were placed at the local zone where it was ventilated, that zone underwent the highest cooling than other local zones. The study indicated that the ventilation units should be placed at the region where it required the most evaporative cooling, e.g. along the spine area and the lower back. The openings could be adjusted (closed or opened) to make comfortable air pressure for the wearers but without making significant difference on the whole torso cooling under this flow rate. Relevance to industry: Heat strain is frequently reported in hot environments, especially for those industries, such as construction, mining and steel. Clothing equipped with the small ventilation units could circulate the ambient air around the body and thus decrease heat strain and improve productivity. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
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determination of clothing evaporative resistance on a Sweating Thermal Manikin in an isoThermal condition heat loss method or mass loss method
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2011Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar HolmérAbstract:This paper addresses selection between two calculation options, i.e heat loss option and mass loss option, for Thermal Manikin measurements on clothing evaporative resistance conducted in an isoThermal condition (TManikin = Ta = Tr). Five vocational clothing ensembles with a Thermal insulation range of 1.05–2.58 clo were selected and measured on a Sweating Thermal Manikin ‘Tore’. The reasons why the isoThermal heat loss method generates a higher evaporative resistance than that of the mass loss method were thoroughly investigated. In addition, an indirect approach was applied to determine the amount of evaporative heat energy taken from the environment. It was found that clothing evaporative resistance values by the heat loss option were 11.2–37.1% greater than those based on the mass loss option. The percentage of evaporative heat loss taken from the environment (He,env) for all test scenarios ranged from 10.9 to 23.8%. The real evaporative cooling efficiency ranged from 0.762 to 0.891, respectively. Furthermore, it is evident that the evaporative heat loss difference introduced by those two options was equal to the heat energy taken from the environment. In order to eliminate the combined effects of dry heat transfer, condensation, and heat pipe on clothing evaporative resistance, it is suggested that Manikin measurements on the determination of clothing evaporative resistance should be performed in an isoThermal condition. Moreover, the mass loss method should be applied to calculate clothing evaporative resistance. The isoThermal heat loss method would appear to overestimate heat stress and thus should be corrected before use. (Less)
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Development and validity of a universal empirical equation to predict skin surface temperature on Thermal Manikins
Journal of Thermal Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar HolmérAbstract:Clothing evaporative resistance is an important input in Thermal comfort models. Thermal Manikin tests give the most accurate and reliable evaporative resistance values for clothing. The calculation methods of clothing evaporative resistance require the Sweating skin surface temperature (i.e., options 1 and 2). However, prevailing calculation methods of clothing evaporative resistance (i.e., options 3 and 4) are based on the controlled nude Manikin surface temperature due to the sensory measurement difficulty. In order to overcome the difficulty of attaching temperature sensors to the wet skin surface and to enhance the calculation accuracy on evaporative resistance, we conducted an intensive skin study on a Thermal Manikin ‘Tore’. The relationship among the nude Manikin surface temperature, the total heat loss and the wet skin surface temperature in three ambient conditions was investigated. A universal empirical equation to predict the wet skin surface temperature of a Sweating Thermal Manikin was developed and validated on the Manikin dressed in six different clothing ensembles. The skin surface temperature prediction equation in an ambient temperature range between 25.0 and 34.0 °C is Tsk=34.0–0.0132HL. It is demonstrated that the universal empirical equation is a good alternative to predicting the wet skin surface temperature and facilitates calculating the evaporative resistance of permeable clothing ensembles. Further studies on the validation of the empirical equation on different Thermal Manikins are needed however.
Kalev Kuklane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of Empirical Equations to Predict Sweating Skin Surface Temperature for Thermal Manikins in Warm Environments.
2016Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar HolmérAbstract:Clothing evaporative resistance is one of the most important parameters for clothing comfort. The clothing evaporation resistance can be measured on a Sweating guarded hotplate, a Sweating Thermal Manikin or a human subject. The Sweating Thermal Manikin gives the most accurate value on evaporative resistance of the whole garment ensemble compared to the other two methods. The determination of clothing evaporative resistance on a Thermal Manikin requires Sweating simulation. This can be achieved by either a pre-wetted fabric skin on top of the Manikin (TORE), or a waterproof but permeable Gore-tex skin filled with water inside. The addition of a fabric skin can introduce a temperature difference between the Manikin surface and the Sweating skin surface. However, calculations on clothing evaporative resistance have often been based on the Thermal Manikin surface temperature. A previous study showed that the temperature differences can cause an error up to 35.9 % on the clothing evaporative resistance. In order to reduce such an error, an empirical equation to predict the skin surface temperature might be helpful. In this study, a cotton knit fabric skin and a Gore-tex skin were used to simulate two types of Sweating. The cotton fabric skin was rinsed with tap water and centrifuged in a washing machine for 4 seconds to ensure no water drip. A Gore-tex skin was put on top of the pre-wetted cotton skin on a dry heated Thermal Manikin ‘Tore’ in order to simulate senseless Sweating, similar to Thermal Manikins ‘Coppelius’ and ‘Walter’. Another simulation involved the pre-wetted fabric skin covered on top of the Gore-tex skin in order to simulate sensible Sweating. This type of Sweating simulation can be widely found on many Thermal Manikins worldwide, e.g. ‘Newton’. Six temperature sensors (Sensirion Inc, Switzerland) were attached on six sites of the skin outer surface by white thread rings to record the skin surface temperature. Twelve skin tests for each skin combination were performed at three different ambient temperatures: 34, 25 and 20 oC. Two empirical equations to predict the skin surface temperature were developed based on the mean Manikin surface temperature, mean fabric skin surface temperature and the total heat loss. The prediction equations for the senseless Sweating and sensible Sweating on the Thermal Manikin ‘Tore’ were Tsk=34.0-0.0146HL and Tsk=34.0-0.0190HL, respectively. Further study should validate these two empirical equations, however. (Less)
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CLOTHING REAL EVAPORATIVE RESISTANCE DETERMINED BY MEANS OF A Sweating Thermal Manikin: A NEW ROUND-ROBIN STUDY
2014Co-Authors: Faming Wang, T.s. Mayor, Jean Leonard, Magdalena Zwolińska, Chris Wong, Simon Hodder, Kalev Kuklane, George Havenith, J KishinoAbstract:The previous round-robin (RR) study on clothing evaporative resistance (Ret) has shown that the repeatability and reproducibility of clothing Ret measurements on Sweating Manikins were rather low. To further examine and enhance the measurement accuracy, a new strict but feasible test protocol was proposed and thoroughly examined in a new round-robin test. Eight laboratories participated in this study and three types of Sweating Manikins were used. Six clothing ensembles including body mapping cycling wear, light summer workwear, typical spring and autumn clothing for people living in subtropical regions, cold protective clothing and functional Gore-Tex coverall were selected. The measurement repeatability and reproducibility are analysed. The ultimate goal of the RR study is to provide solid support for amending ASTM F2370 standard and/or drafting a new ISO/EN standard.
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A Study on Local Cooling of Garments with Ventilation Fans and Openings Placed at Different Torso Sites
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2013Co-Authors: Mengmeng Zhao, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar Holmér, Faming Wang, Jun LiAbstract:Abstract in Undetermined The aim of the study was to examine the various design features of ventilated garments on cooling performance. Five jackets with small ventilation units and closable openings were designed. The ventilation units with a flow rate of 12 l/s were placed at five different torso sites. They were examined on a Sweating Thermal Manikin in four clothing opening conditions in a warm environment (Ta=TManikin=34 °C, RH=60 %, Va=0.4 m/s). Total torso cooling was increased by 137 to 251 %, and clothing total dynamic evaporative resistance was decreased by 43 to 69 %. Neither the ventilation location nor the opening design had a significant difference on total torso cooling. The ventilation location had a significant difference on localized intra-torso cooling, but not the opening design. When the ventilation units were placed at the local zone where it was ventilated, that zone underwent the highest cooling than other local zones. The study indicated that the ventilation units should be placed at the region where it required the most evaporative cooling, e.g. along the spine area and the lower back. The openings could be adjusted (closed or opened) to make comfortable air pressure for the wearers but without making significant difference on the whole torso cooling under this flow rate. (Less)
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A study on local cooling of garments with ventilation fans and openings placed at different torso sites
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2013Co-Authors: Mengmeng Zhao, Chuansi Gao, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar Holmér, Faming Wang, Jun LiAbstract:The aim of the study was to examine the various design features of ventilated garments on cooling performance. Five jackets with small ventilation units and closable openings were designed. The ventilation units with a flow rate of 12 l/s were placed at five different torso sites. They were examined on a Sweating Thermal Manikin in four clothing opening conditions in a warm environment (Ta = TManikin = 34 °C, RH = 60%, Va = 0.4 m/s). Total torso cooling was increased by 137-251%, and clothing total dynamic evaporative resistance was decreased by 43-69%. Neither the ventilation location nor the opening design had a significant difference on total torso cooling. The ventilation location had a significant difference on localized intra-torso cooling, but not the opening design. When the ventilation units were placed at the local zone where it was ventilated, that zone underwent the highest cooling than other local zones. The study indicated that the ventilation units should be placed at the region where it required the most evaporative cooling, e.g. along the spine area and the lower back. The openings could be adjusted (closed or opened) to make comfortable air pressure for the wearers but without making significant difference on the whole torso cooling under this flow rate. Relevance to industry: Heat strain is frequently reported in hot environments, especially for those industries, such as construction, mining and steel. Clothing equipped with the small ventilation units could circulate the ambient air around the body and thus decrease heat strain and improve productivity. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
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determination of clothing evaporative resistance on a Sweating Thermal Manikin in an isoThermal condition heat loss method or mass loss method
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2011Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar HolmérAbstract:This paper addresses selection between two calculation options, i.e heat loss option and mass loss option, for Thermal Manikin measurements on clothing evaporative resistance conducted in an isoThermal condition (TManikin = Ta = Tr). Five vocational clothing ensembles with a Thermal insulation range of 1.05–2.58 clo were selected and measured on a Sweating Thermal Manikin ‘Tore’. The reasons why the isoThermal heat loss method generates a higher evaporative resistance than that of the mass loss method were thoroughly investigated. In addition, an indirect approach was applied to determine the amount of evaporative heat energy taken from the environment. It was found that clothing evaporative resistance values by the heat loss option were 11.2–37.1% greater than those based on the mass loss option. The percentage of evaporative heat loss taken from the environment (He,env) for all test scenarios ranged from 10.9 to 23.8%. The real evaporative cooling efficiency ranged from 0.762 to 0.891, respectively. Furthermore, it is evident that the evaporative heat loss difference introduced by those two options was equal to the heat energy taken from the environment. In order to eliminate the combined effects of dry heat transfer, condensation, and heat pipe on clothing evaporative resistance, it is suggested that Manikin measurements on the determination of clothing evaporative resistance should be performed in an isoThermal condition. Moreover, the mass loss method should be applied to calculate clothing evaporative resistance. The isoThermal heat loss method would appear to overestimate heat stress and thus should be corrected before use. (Less)
Yutaka Tochihara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Heat and water vapour transfer of protective clothing systems in a cold environment, measured with a newly developed Sweating Thermal Manikin
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2004Co-Authors: Takako Fukazawa, Kiyotsugu Kano, Takeshi Matsuoka, Yutaka TochiharaAbstract:A moveable Sweating Thermal Manikin has recently been developed. Thermal and water-vapour resistances of three kinds of cold-protective clothing ensembles, laminated with polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane and without a laminate were measured, with the aid of the Manikin in a cold environment of 5°C with a relative humidity of 70% and an air velocity of around 1.5 m s^−1. Two Sweating rates of 65 and 130 g m^−2 h^−1 were employed. Supplied heat fluxes in both of the sweat rates ranged from 350 W m^−2 to 400 W m^−2. To maintain a comfortable condition, the skin wettedness ( w ) (mean weighted value) had to be kept at ≤0.6. The measurements obtained from the Manikin when testing the three ensembles were w =0.3 (approximately) for the low sweat rate and w ≥0.6 for the high sweat rate, irrespective of the property differences among the ensembles. In addition, the condensation in the ensembles in comparison with those calculated from an analytical equation is discussed. Condensation mass fluxes in the ensembles obtained byexperiment and those from the calculation agreed sufficiently well. Thus, distribution of the condensation in the ensembles was estimated using the equation.
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Heat and water vapour transfer of protective clothing systems in a cold environment, measured with a newly developed Sweating Thermal Manikin
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2004Co-Authors: Takako Fukazawa, Gung Lee, Kiyotsugu Kano, Takeshi Matsuoka, Yutaka TochiharaAbstract:A moveable Sweating Thermal Manikin has recently been developed. Thermal and water-vapour resistances of three kinds of cold-protective clothing ensembles, laminated with polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane and without a laminate were measured, with the aid of the Manikin in a cold environment of 5degreesC with a relative humidity of 70% and an air velocity of around 1.5 m s(-1). Two Sweating rates of 65 and 130 g m(-2) h(-1) were employed. Supplied heat fluxes in both of the sweat rates ranged from 350 W m(-2) to 400 W m(-2). To maintain a comfortable condition, the skin wettedness (w) (mean weighted value) had to be kept at less than or equal to0.6. The measurements obtained from the Manikin when testing the three ensembles were w=0.3 (approximately) for the low sweat rate and wgreater than or equal to0.6 for the high sweat rate, irrespective of the property differences among the ensembles. In addition, the condensation in the ensembles in comparison with those calculated from an analytical equation is discussed. Condensation mass fluxes in the ensembles obtained by experiment and those from the calculation agreed sufficiently well. Thus, distribution of the condensation in the ensembles was estimated using the equation.
Aitor Coca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tradespace Assessment: Thermal Strain Modeling Comparison Of Multiple Clothing Configurations Based On Different Environmental Conditions
2017Co-Authors: Adam W. Potter, Aitor Coca, Tyler D. Quinn, Tianzhou Wu, Kristine Isherwood, Anita PerkinsAbstract:Abstract : A tradespace assessment and planned optimization of clothing ensembles is underway to assess risks specific to operational regions. The intent of this report is to model one aspect of these regional-specific risks, by modeling Thermal strain. Twenty clothing ensembles were tested for Thermal and evaporative resistances according to American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards using a Sweating Thermal Manikin. Of the 20 ensembles tested, five subgroups were assessed based on similar types; 1) baseline ensembles, 2) undergarments vs. no undergarments, 3) Army Combat Shirt (ACS)-based, 4) Army Combat Uniform (ACU)-based, and 5) increased sizing. Thermal strain was modeled for each of the ensembles based on biophysical measurements within three environmental conditions (hot / dry, hot / humid, and temperate). Potential concepts for tradespace assessments related to clothing ensembles were discussed and outlined.
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baseline evaluation with a Sweating Thermal Manikin of personal protective ensembles recommended for use in west africa
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 2015Co-Authors: Aitor Coca, Travis Dileo, Raymond J Roberge, Ronald E ShafferAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Experience with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) ensembles by health care workers responding to the Ebola outbreak in the hot, humid conditions of West Africa has prompted reports of significant issues with heat stress that has resulted in shortened work periods. METHODS: A Sweating Thermal Manikin was used to ascertain the time to achievement of a critical core temperature of 39°C while wearing 4 different PPE ensembles similar to those recommended by the World Health Organization and Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) at 2 different ambient conditions (32°C/92% relative humidity and 26°C/80% relative humidity) compared with a control ensemble. RESULTS: PPE ensembles that utilized coveralls with moderate to high degrees of impermeability attained the critical core temperature in significantly shorter times than did other ensembles. Encapsulation of the head and neck region resulted in higher model-predicted subjective impressions of heat sensation. CONCLUSIONS: To maximize work capacity and to protect health care workers in the challenging ambient conditions of West Africa, consideration should be given to adjustment of work and rest schedules, improvement of PPE (e.g., using less impermeable and more breathable fabrics that provide the same protection), and the possible use of cooling devices worn simultaneously with PPE. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;0:1-7). Language: en
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physiological and subjective evaluation of ppe using a Sweating Thermal Manikin
Extreme physiology and medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Aitor Coca, Travis Dileo, Raymond J Roberge, Ronald E ShafferAbstract:Experience with personal protective equipment (PPE) ensembles used by healthcare workers (HCWs) during the Ebola outbreak in the hot, humid conditions of West Africa has prompted significant concerns with heat stress and the inability to work in the PPE for extended work periods.
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Baseline Evaluation with a Sweating Thermal Manikin of Personal Protective Ensembles Recommended for Use in West Africa
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 2015Co-Authors: Aitor Coca, Travis Dileo, Jung-hyun Kim, Raymond J Roberge, Ronald ShafferAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Experience with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) ensembles by health care workers responding to the Ebola outbreak in the hot, humid conditions of West Africa has prompted reports of significant issues with heat stress that has resulted in shortened work periods. METHODS: A Sweating Thermal Manikin was used to ascertain the time to achievement of a critical core temperature of 39 degrees C while wearing 4 different PPE ensembles similar to those recommended by the World Health Organization and Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) at 2 different ambient conditions (32 degrees C/92% relative humidity and 26 degrees C/80% relative humidity) compared with a control ensemble. RESULTS: PPE ensembles that utilized coveralls with moderate to high degrees of impermeability attained the critical core temperature in significantly shorter times than did other ensembles. Encapsulation of the head and neck region resulted in higher model-predicted subjective impressions of heat sensation. CONCLUSIONS: To maximize work capacity and to protect health care workers in the challenging ambient conditions of West Africa, consideration should be given to adjustment of work and rest schedules, improvement of PPE (e.g., using less impermeable and more breathable fabrics that provide the same protection), and the possible use of cooling devices worn simultaneously with PPE.
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evaluation of protective ensemble Thermal characteristics through Sweating hot plate Sweating Thermal Manikin and human tests
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2014Co-Authors: Jeffery Powell, Angie Shepherd, Raymond J Roberge, Aitor CocaAbstract:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive capability of fabric Total Heat Loss (THL) values on Thermal stress that Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ensemble wearers may encounter while performing work. A series of three tests, consisting of the Sweating Hot Plate (SHP) test on two sample fabrics and the Sweating Thermal Manikin (STM) and human performance tests on two single-layer encapsulating ensembles (fabric/ensemble A = low THL and B = high THL), was conducted to compare THL values between SHP and STM methods along with human thermophysiological responses to wearing the ensembles. In human testing, ten male subjects performed a treadmill exercise at 4.8 km and 3% incline for 60 min in two environmental conditions (mild = 22°C, 50% relative humidity (RH) and hot/humid = 35°C, 65% RH). The Thermal and evaporative resistances were significantly higher on a fabric level as measured in the SHP test than on the ensemble level as measured in the STM test. Consequently the THL values were a...
