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Nikhil B. Gaikwad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethanopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of medicinally potent genus Swertia: An update
South African Journal of Botany, 2019Co-Authors: Parthraj R. Kshirsagar, Nikhil B. Gaikwad, U.b. Jagtap, Vishwas A. BapatAbstract:Abstract Swertia is a diverse genus of herbs belonging to the family Gentianaceae and comprising roughly 170 species distributed throughout the world, but is most diverse in temperate and subtropical regions and in montane tropics. In Bhutan, China, India, Japan, and Nepal, some Swertia species are recognized for their anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, activity, finding use in traditional medicine to treat malaria fever, liver diseases, gastric trouble, jaundice, diabetes, hepatitis, and other ailments. The aim of the present review is to provide updated and comprehensive information on the genus Swertia, for promotin the development and uses of such ethnomedical resources. Swertia species have been used in Indian traditional medical systems, the traditional Chinese system, and traditional Tibetan folk medicine for treating various ailments. In China, it has also been used as medicinal herbs for treating hepatitis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, dysentery, and scabies. Broad spectrums of phytochemicals such as xanthonoids, iridoids/secoiridoids, flavonoid, alkaloids, and terpenoids have been identified from Swertia spp. The crude extracts and isolated metabolites from Swertia spp. exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo biological and pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-hepatitis, anthelmintic, anti-leishmanial, neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, hepatoprotective, gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility, inhibitors of 5α-reductase, β-glucuronidase inhibitory, anti-Benign prostatic hyperplasia and anti-mutagenic activities. The extensive literature survey reveals that Swertia species have been used for medicinal purpose in various parts of the world and there is significant traditional evidence of their uses. Additional research is required targeting individual ingredients responsible for the pharmacological effects, elucidating its mechanisms of action as well as safety and toxicological assessment.
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RP-HPLC analysis of seco-iridoid glycoside Swertiamarin from different Swertia species
Natural product research, 2015Co-Authors: Parthraj R. Kshirsagar, Sandeep R. Pai, Mansingraj S. Nimbalkar, Nikhil B. GaikwadAbstract:Genus Swertia is valued for its great medicinal potential; mainly Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) H. Karst. is used in traditional medicine for a wide range of diseases. Seco-iridoid glycosides like Swertiamarin is referred with enormous pharmacological potentials. The aim of the study was to identify a suitable substitute to S. chirayita by quantifying seco-iridoid Swertiamarin from five different Swertia species endemic to the Western Ghats. The reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector analyses were performed and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Lichrospher 100, C18e (5 µm) column (250-4.6 mm). A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (25:75) was used for separation. Results indicated that the concentration of the marker compound has been found to vary largely between and within the species from different localities. The content of Swertiamarin was the highest in S. chirayita compared to the other species studied herein, advocating the use of Swertia minor as an alternate source to S. chirayita.
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phytochemical composition antioxidant activity and hplc profiles of Swertia species from western ghats
Natural Product Research, 2015Co-Authors: Parthraj R. Kshirsagar, Mansingraj S. Nimbalkar, Jaykumar J Chavan, Shrirang R Yadav, Ghansham B Dixit, Nikhil B. GaikwadAbstract:Swertia chirayita is one of the potential medicinal plants of the family Gentianaceae in traditional medicine. Due to its high demand and scarcity, trade of chirayita is affected by adulterants. Swertia species from Western Ghats were compared with S. chirayita for phytochemical characterisation and antioxidant activities by using different extracts. This study revealed that acetone is the best extraction solvent of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidant properties as compared with other extracts. S. chirayita showed better antioxidant activity than other species with highest content of phenolics and flavonoids. Among the species from Western Ghats, Swertia minor has better antioxidant properties with higher content of phenolics and flavonoids when compared with S. chirayita. Gallic acid was detected in all species under study by using HPLC analysis. The Swertia species under study showed similar phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential and hence their use as substitute to S. chirayit...
Hong-ping Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemical constituents from Swertia mussotii Franch. (Gentianaceae)
Natural product research, 2017Co-Authors: Haixia Wang, Xiang Yuan, Huiming Huang, Bo Zhang, Changnian Cao, Hong-ping ZhaoAbstract:AbstractThe chemical investigation of ethanolic extract from Swertia mussotii Franch. has resulted in the isolation of 11 compounds which were identified as Orcinol-β-D-glucoside (1), Shamimin (2), Mangiferin (3), Decussatin (4), Bellidifolin (5), Desmethylbellidifolin (6), Protocatechuic acid (7), 1,7-Dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone (8), 1,8-Dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (9), 1-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (10), Telephioidin (11). The chemical structures of these compounds were identified by a combination of spectroscopic analysis and a comparison with those reported in literature. Among them, compounds 1, 2, 7 and 11 were isolated from the genus Swertia for the first time. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarised. The chemotaxonomic study suggests that there is a close chemotaxonomic relationship between S. mussotii and other species of Swertia, such as S. punicea, S. macrosperma, S. japonica, S. phragmitiphylla, S. chirayita, S. cordata and S. binchuanensis, with p...
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Chemical constituents from Swertia mussotii Franch. (Gentianaceae)
2017Co-Authors: Haixia Wang, Xiang Yuan, Huiming Huang, Bo Zhang, Changnian Cao, Hong-ping ZhaoAbstract:The chemical investigation of ethanolic extract from Swertia mussotii Franch. has resulted in the isolation of 11 compounds which were identified as Orcinol-β-D-glucoside (1), Shamimin (2), Mangiferin (3), Decussatin (4), Bellidifolin (5), Desmethylbellidifolin (6), Protocatechuic acid (7), 1,7-Dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone (8), 1,8-Dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (9), 1-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (10), Telephioidin (11). The chemical structures of these compounds were identified by a combination of spectroscopic analysis and a comparison with those reported in literature. Among them, compounds 1, 2, 7 and 11 were isolated from the genus Swertia for the first time. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarised. The chemotaxonomic study suggests that there is a close chemotaxonomic relationship between S. mussotii and other species of Swertia, such as S. punicea, S. macrosperma, S. japonica, S. phragmitiphylla, S. chirayita, S. cordata and S. binchuanensis, with presence of compounds 3~6, 8~10. The xanthones and their glycosides may sever as important chemotaxonomic markers of Swertia genus.
Johannes Van Staden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Review of Swertia chirayita (Gentianaceae) as a Traditional Medicinal Plant.
Frontiers in pharmacology, 2016Co-Authors: Vijay Kumar, Johannes Van StadenAbstract:Swertia chirayita (Gentianaceae), a popular medicinal herb indigenous to the temperate Himalayas is used in traditional medicine to treat numerous ailments such as liver disorders, malaria, and diabetes and are reported to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. Its medicinal usage is well-documented in Indian pharmaceutical codex, the British, and the American pharmacopeias and in different traditional medicine such as the Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and other conventional medical systems. This ethnomedicinal herb is known mostly for its bitter taste caused by the presence of different bioactive compounds that are directly associated with human health welfare. The increasing high usage of Swertia chirayita, mostly the underground tissues, as well as the illegal overharvesting combined with habitat destruction resulted in a drastic reduction of its populations and has brought this plant to the verge of extinction. The increasing national and international demand for Swertia chirayita has led to unscrupulous collection from the wild and adulteration of supplies. The aim of this review is to provide a synthesis of the current state of scientific knowledge on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, safety evaluation as well as the potential role of plant biotechnology in the conservation of Swertia chirayita and to highlight its future prospects. Pharmacological data reported in literature suggest that Swertia chirayita shows a beneficial effect in the treatment of several ailments. However, there is lack of adequate information on the safety evaluation of the plant. The pharmacological usefulness of Swertia chirayita requires the need for conservation-friendly approaches in its utilization. Providing high-quality genetically uniform clones for sustainable use and thereby saving the genetic diversity of this species in nature is important. In this regard, plant biotechnological applications such as micropropagation, synthetic seed production, and hairy root technology can play a significant role in a holistic conservation strategy. In addition to micropropagation, storage of these valuable genetic resources is equally important for germplasm preservation. However, more advanced research is warranted to determine the activities of bioactive compounds in vitro and in vivo, establish their underlying mechanisms of action and commence the process of clinical research.
Parthraj R. Kshirsagar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethanopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of medicinally potent genus Swertia: An update
South African Journal of Botany, 2019Co-Authors: Parthraj R. Kshirsagar, Nikhil B. Gaikwad, U.b. Jagtap, Vishwas A. BapatAbstract:Abstract Swertia is a diverse genus of herbs belonging to the family Gentianaceae and comprising roughly 170 species distributed throughout the world, but is most diverse in temperate and subtropical regions and in montane tropics. In Bhutan, China, India, Japan, and Nepal, some Swertia species are recognized for their anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, activity, finding use in traditional medicine to treat malaria fever, liver diseases, gastric trouble, jaundice, diabetes, hepatitis, and other ailments. The aim of the present review is to provide updated and comprehensive information on the genus Swertia, for promotin the development and uses of such ethnomedical resources. Swertia species have been used in Indian traditional medical systems, the traditional Chinese system, and traditional Tibetan folk medicine for treating various ailments. In China, it has also been used as medicinal herbs for treating hepatitis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, dysentery, and scabies. Broad spectrums of phytochemicals such as xanthonoids, iridoids/secoiridoids, flavonoid, alkaloids, and terpenoids have been identified from Swertia spp. The crude extracts and isolated metabolites from Swertia spp. exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo biological and pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-hepatitis, anthelmintic, anti-leishmanial, neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, hepatoprotective, gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility, inhibitors of 5α-reductase, β-glucuronidase inhibitory, anti-Benign prostatic hyperplasia and anti-mutagenic activities. The extensive literature survey reveals that Swertia species have been used for medicinal purpose in various parts of the world and there is significant traditional evidence of their uses. Additional research is required targeting individual ingredients responsible for the pharmacological effects, elucidating its mechanisms of action as well as safety and toxicological assessment.
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RP-HPLC analysis of seco-iridoid glycoside Swertiamarin from different Swertia species
Natural product research, 2015Co-Authors: Parthraj R. Kshirsagar, Sandeep R. Pai, Mansingraj S. Nimbalkar, Nikhil B. GaikwadAbstract:Genus Swertia is valued for its great medicinal potential; mainly Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) H. Karst. is used in traditional medicine for a wide range of diseases. Seco-iridoid glycosides like Swertiamarin is referred with enormous pharmacological potentials. The aim of the study was to identify a suitable substitute to S. chirayita by quantifying seco-iridoid Swertiamarin from five different Swertia species endemic to the Western Ghats. The reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector analyses were performed and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Lichrospher 100, C18e (5 µm) column (250-4.6 mm). A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (25:75) was used for separation. Results indicated that the concentration of the marker compound has been found to vary largely between and within the species from different localities. The content of Swertiamarin was the highest in S. chirayita compared to the other species studied herein, advocating the use of Swertia minor as an alternate source to S. chirayita.
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phytochemical composition antioxidant activity and hplc profiles of Swertia species from western ghats
Natural Product Research, 2015Co-Authors: Parthraj R. Kshirsagar, Mansingraj S. Nimbalkar, Jaykumar J Chavan, Shrirang R Yadav, Ghansham B Dixit, Nikhil B. GaikwadAbstract:Swertia chirayita is one of the potential medicinal plants of the family Gentianaceae in traditional medicine. Due to its high demand and scarcity, trade of chirayita is affected by adulterants. Swertia species from Western Ghats were compared with S. chirayita for phytochemical characterisation and antioxidant activities by using different extracts. This study revealed that acetone is the best extraction solvent of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidant properties as compared with other extracts. S. chirayita showed better antioxidant activity than other species with highest content of phenolics and flavonoids. Among the species from Western Ghats, Swertia minor has better antioxidant properties with higher content of phenolics and flavonoids when compared with S. chirayita. Gallic acid was detected in all species under study by using HPLC analysis. The Swertia species under study showed similar phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential and hence their use as substitute to S. chirayit...
Devendra Kumar Pandey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Swertia spp.: A Potential Source of High-Value Bioactive Components, Pharmacology, and Analytical Techniques
Bioactive Natural products in Drug Discovery, 2020Co-Authors: Prabhjot Kaur, Devendra Kumar Pandey, Abhijit Dey, Tabarak Malik, Padmanabh Dwivedi, R. C. GuptaAbstract:Swertia (Gentianaceae), a diverse genus, is mentioned as a potential herbal drug in Ayurvedic, Unani, and Siddha traditional systems of medicine. Since time immemorial, 70 Swertia species have been used worldwide to cure several health illnesses associated with malaria, cancer, diabetes, inflammation, liver complications, different kinds of fever, etc. Swertia herb is used as the principal component in several marketed herbal/polyherbal formulations. Medicinal usage of Swertia is endorsed to the miscellaneous compounds, viz. xanthones, iridoids, seco-iridoids, and triterpenoids. Swertia is one of the most imperative trade herbs since its market value rises by 10% yearly. A chain of systematic isolation of bioactive compounds and their diverse range of pharmacological effects during the last 10–15 years proved this genus as an industrially important plant. This chapter makes an effort to present the comprehensive assessment on distribution, ethnopharmacology, biological activities, phytochemistry, extraction, and analysis of major bioactive compounds in selected species of Swertia in the past few years, and thus to explore the conventional and nonconventional ways of isolation and evaluation of pharmacologically significant bioactive compounds and to screen out the elite variety of Swertia spp.
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simultaneous quantification of oleanolic acid ursolic acid betulinic acid and lupeol in different populations of five Swertia species by using hptlc densitometry comparison of different extraction methods and solvent selection
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Prabhjot Kaur, R. C. Gupta, Abhijit Dey, Devendra Kumar PandeyAbstract:Abstract Swertia chirata (Family: Gentianaceae) is a potent and valuable medicinal herb used in various herbal formulations in Indian system of medicine. Different species of Swertia are being used as constituents in various herbal formulations. Present study was undertaken for the screening of an efficient extraction technique and for the development of a rapid and simultaneous quantification of four pentacyclic triterpenoids in different populations of Swertia species by a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometric method. This method involved the separation of four triterpenoids with a single mobile phase composition consisting of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, toluene (14.2, 4, 1.8 v/v). The retention factor (Rf) values for oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA), betulinic acid (BA), and lupeol (Lup) were 0.25, 0.50, 0.58 and 0.74 respectively. In this study, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) using aqueous ethanol proved to be the most efficient method for extraction for all the studied triterpenoids when compared with the other conventional methods. The present HPTLC method was found to be precise, fast, and cost effective and can be used for the quality control of any Swertia samples with regards to its pentacyclic triterpenoids content. Since, S. chirata is a critically endangered species, the present study depicts the utility of other species of Swertia viz. S. paniculata and S. angustifolia as promising substitutes for S. chirata in herbal preparations.
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Simultaneous microwave assisted extraction and HPTLC quantification of mangiferin, amarogentin, and Swertiamarin in Swertia species from Western Himalayas
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Prabhjot Kaur, Devendra Kumar Pandey, R. C. Gupta, Abhijit DeyAbstract:Abstract Swertia is one of the most widely traded genus of 150 species, many of which are used in Ayurvedic, Chinese, Tibetan and traditional medicine. Swertia herb is mostly traded and exported in dried or in extract forms. In this present study, a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method coupled with simultaneous quantification of Swertiamarin, amarogentin, and mangiferin from different species of Swertia using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was developed. A three-level factor Box-Behken statistical design was used for optimization, where microwave power, irradiation time, and solvent-to-solid ratio were used as independent variables whereas Swertiamarin, amarogentin and mangiferin were used as the dependent variables. Densitometric-HPTLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Swertiamarin, amarogentin, and mangiferin using mobile phase of ethyl acetate: acetic acid glacial: formic acid: water (10:1.2:1.2:2.7 v/v/v/v) and stationary phase as silica gel F254 HPTLC plate. In this study, five different Swertia species viz. S. angustifolia, S. cordata, S. chirata, S. paniculata, and S. nervosa collected from Western Himalayan, India were used to screen the elite Swertia species. Optimal extraction conditions to achieve the maximum yield of Swertiamarin, amarogentin, and mangiferin were found to be 5.86%, 0.710%, and 4.93% respectively which were very close to the predicted values of 5.916%, 0.711%, and 5.084% respectively by keeping microwave power (530 W), time (4 min), and solvent-to-solid (30 mL). Densitogram patterns obtained from all the test samples and standard compounds revealed that the peaks corresponding to Rf 0.57, 0.64, and 0.74 were meant for Swertiamarin, mangiferin, and amarogentin respectively. HPTLC studied showed that S. paniculata and S. angustifolia contained high content of bioactive compounds and could be used as a substitute for S. chirata, whereas S. cordata and S. nervosa could not be recommended as substitutes for S. chirata. Thus, the newly developed optimized MAE and HPTLC-densitometry method for simultaneous quantification of three bioactive marker compounds in five species of Swertia can be effectively implemented for quality control of herbal formulations.
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Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potential of two traditional medicinal plants of India: Swertia cordata and Swertia chirayita.
Pharmacognosy Research, 2015Co-Authors: Priyanka Roy, Devendra Kumar Pandey, Fatima I Abdulsalam, Aniruddha Bhattacharjee, Naveen Reddy Eruvaram, Tabarak MalikAbstract:Background: Swertia cordata and Swertia chirayita are temperate Himalayan medicinal plants used as potent herbal drugs in Indian traditional systems of medicine (Ayurvedic, Unani and Siddha). Objective: Assessment of Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potential of Swertia cordata and Swertia chirayita. Materials and Methods: Phytochemicals of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the two Swertia species were analyzed. The antioxidant potential of all the extracts was assessed by measuring total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and free radical scavenging potential was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, antibacterial activity was assessed against various pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria in vitro by Kirby-Bauer agar well diffusion method and antidiabetic activity was assessed by α-amylase inhibition. Results: Methanolic leaf extracts of both the species of Swertia contain significant antibacterial as well as anti-diabetic potential, whereas methanolic root extracts of both species were found to have potential antioxidant activity. However, Swertia chirayita showed better activities than Swertia cordata although both species have good reputation in traditional Indian medicine. Conclusion: Both the species are having high medicinal potential in terms of their antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities. Studies are required to further elucidate antioxidant, anti-diabetic and antibacterial potentials using various in-vitro, in-vivo biochemical and molecular biology techniques.
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Screening of different East Himalayan species and populations of Swertia L. based on exomorphology and mangiferin content
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012Co-Authors: Devendra Kumar Pandey, Sautrik Basu, Timir Baran JhaAbstract:Abstract Objective The present report embodies detailed diagnostic features of five important Red listed Swertia species for easy and authentic identification along with HPTLC fingerprinting using the c-glucoxanthone mangiferin as a biomarker. The key objectives of this study were to reduce indiscriminate harvesting of different Swertia species from its natural habitat and the development of a reliable kit based on HPTLC fingerprinting to reduce adulteration in commercial trade. Methods Chromatography was performed on Silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates with ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid-formic acid- water- 100:11.0:11.0:26 as mobile phase. Densitometric measurement was performed at λ=254 nm. The method was found to be simple, reliable, precise and convenient for routine analysis. Results Although mangiferin was detected in substantial amount from all populations of Swertia chirata irrespective of their geographical locations and to a lesser degree in Swertia nervosa, the biomarker was totally absent in Swertia bimaculata , Swertia dilatata and Swertia paniculata . Conclusions Floral morphology can be effectively used for the construction of an easy identification tool that can be utilized at the field level to screen out Swertia chirata from other closely related species that flower at the same time along with Swertia chirata . High Performance TLC using mangiferin as a biomarker can be utilized for quality screening and checking adulteration among different species and populations of Swertia .
