The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sarbajit Chaudhuri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tariff Structure in a small open economy a theoretical analysis
International Trade, 2005Co-Authors: Sarbajit ChaudhuriAbstract:Developing countries have been facing substantial adjustment costs in their endeavor in implementing trade reform. To lessen the adjustment costs of trade reform and to diffuse political support for protection a uniform Tariff policy has often been recommended. The present paper examines the efficacy of this policy in terms of a 3„e4 specific factor full-employment Structure reasonable for a developing economy. It shows that whether a symmetric Tariff Structure would be able to protect all the import-competing sectors crucially depends on the economyi¦s trade pattern. The paper is then extended to include Harris-Todaro type unemployment of unskilled labour. In this framework also the implications of the uniform Tariffs and then welfare effects of Tariffs on one sector have been studied. Finally, the consequences of Tariffs on urban unemployment of unskilled labour have been examined.
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Tariff Structure in a small open economy a theoretical analysis
Keio economic studies, 2003Co-Authors: Sarbajit ChaudhuriAbstract:Developing countries have been facing substantial adjustment costs in their endeavor in implementing trade reform. To lessen the adjustment costs of trade reform and to diffuse political support for protection a uniform Tariff policy has often been recommended. The present paper examines the efficacy of this policy in terms of a 3-4 specific factor full-employment Structure reasonable for a developing economy. It shows that whether a symmetric Tariff Structure would be able to protect all the import-competing sectors crucially depends on the economy's trade pattern. The paper is then extended to include Harris-Todaro type unemployment of unskilled labour. In this framework also the implications of the uniform Tariffs and then welfare effects of Tariffs on one sector have been studied. Finally, the consequences of Tariffs on urban unemployment of unskilled labour have been examined.
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need for Tariff protection in the liberalized trade regime and quest for an appropriate Tariff Structure for a developing economy
2002Co-Authors: Sarbajit ChaudhuriAbstract:Developing countries have been facing substantial adjustment costs in their endeavor in implementing trade reform. To lessen the adjustment costs of trade reform and to diffuse political support for protection a uniform Tariff policy has often been recommended. The present paper examines the effectiveness of this policy in terms of a 3 x 4 specific factor full-employment Structure reasonable for a developing economy. It shows that whether a symmetric Tariff Structure would be able to protect all the import-competing sectors crucially depends on the economy's trade pattern. The paper is then extended to include Harris-Todaro type unemployment of unskilled labour to show that the sector using a specific factor should be protected if protection of all the import competing sectors is not feasible.
Badri Narayanan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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price volatility Tariff Structure and the special safeguard mechanism
Economic Modelling, 2017Co-Authors: Amanda M Countryman, Badri NarayananAbstract:Specific Tariffs, which are levied per unit of imports, have often been shown to be discriminatory against poor countries; it is because they export low-value goods that face a higher Tariff burden in ad valorem terms than high-value goods for the same specific Tariff. However, specific Tariffs also have a positive aspect of being able to insulate the domestic economy from global price volatility. The Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) is a proposed policy in the World Trade Organization (WTO) that is intended to help poor countries to be able to shield their domestic agriculture from low import prices by giving them flexibility to increase Tariffs; however, the SSM causes an increase in price volatility. Therefore, specific Tariffs may reduce the price volatility effects of the SSM. Aiming to test this hypothesis, our work implements the SSM and specific Tariffs in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling framework. We find decreased variability of producer prices, import prices, and output in most developed and developing countries when specific Tariffs are accounted for. This work illustrates the potentially stabilizing effects of specific Tariffs in the presence of the SSM, and highlights the importance of Tariff regime modeling when considering the economic effects of international trade policy measures.
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price volatility Tariff Structure and the special safeguard mechanism
2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting July 26-28 San Francisco California, 2015Co-Authors: Amanda M Leister, Badri NarayananAbstract:Agricultural commodity and food price volatility has been a central focus by policy makers around the globe. Following price spikes in 2008, 2011 and 2012, much attention has been given to price fluctuations as poor households are more negatively affected by extreme variation in prices rather than the increasing levels of prices alone. Two key contentious policy measures within the WTO that affect both the levels and potential variability in commodity prices include specific Tariffs and the proposed Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM). Both policies are shown to be discriminatory in nature towards developing countries (Chowdri, 2012 and Hertel et al. 2010). However, while the SSM is expected to increase agricultural price volatility, the use of specific Tariffs may be volatility reducing when compared to an ad valorem Tariff Structure. This research investigates the potential for reduced commodity price volatility in the presence of the SSM, given the use of specific rather than ad valorem Tariffs. Our works implements the SSM in a computable general equilibrium modeling framework and finds evidence of decreased variability of producer prices, import prices, and output in most developed and developing countries when specific Tariffs are accounted for.
Peter J Neary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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welfare versus market access the implications of Tariff Structure for Tariff reform
Journal of International Economics, 2007Co-Authors: James E Anderson, Peter J NearyAbstract:We show that the effects of Tariff changes on welfare and import volume can be fully characterized by their effects on the generalized mean and variance of the Tariff distribution. Using these tools, we derive new results for welfare- and market-access-improving Tariff changes, which imply two 'cones of liberalization' in price space. Because welfare is negatively but import volume positively related to the generalized variance, the cones do not intersect, which poses a dilemma for trade policy reform. Finally, we show that generalized and trade-weighted moments are mutually proportional when the trade expenditure function is CES.
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welfare vs market access the implications of Tariff Structure for Tariff reform
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004Co-Authors: James E Anderson, Peter J NearyAbstract:We show that the effects of Tariff changes on welfare and import volume can be fully characterized by their effects on the generalized mean and variance of the Tariff distribution. Using these tools, we derive new results for welfare- and market-access-improving Tariff changes, which imply two 'cones of liberalization' in price space. Because welfare is negatively but import volume positively related to the generalized variance, the cones do not intersect, which poses a dilemma for trade policy reform. Finally, we show that generalized and trade-weighted moments are mutually proportional when the trade expenditure function is CES.
Mihalis Chasomeris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pricing strategy and Tariff Structure for a port authority a case study of south africa
Maritime Policy & Management, 2018Co-Authors: Sanele Gumede, Mihalis ChasomerisAbstract:ABSTRACTSouth Africa’s Transnet National Ports Authority’s (TNPA) Tariff Structure shows imbalances and cross-subsidisation amongst commodities and groups of port users. Benchmarking studies show that South African port costs are below the benchmarked mean for low-value bulk commodities like coal and iron ore, and above the mean for high-value containerised commodities. Vessel charges are also below the benchmarked mean and the required Tariff revenues are raised from the Tariffs charged to port tenants and cargo owners. This study examines and compares the 2013/2014 TNPA Tariff Structure with that proposed by the Ports Regulator of South Africa. It compiles, calculates and compares 254 commodity cargo dues with their relevant sector base Tariffs for the year. The results indicate the level and direction of cross-subsidisation within and between break-bulk, dry bulk, liquid bulk and containerised cargoes. Of the 254 commodities examined, 100 are below the sector base Tariff (being subsidised) and 154 are ...
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pricing strategy and Tariff Structure for a port authority a case study of south africa
Maritime Policy & Management, 2018Co-Authors: Sanele Gumede, Mihalis ChasomerisAbstract:South Africa’s Transnet National Ports Authority’s (TNPA) Tariff Structure shows imbalances and cross-subsidisation amongst commodities and groups of port users. Benchmarking studies show that South African port costs are below the benchmarked mean for low-value bulk commodities like coal and iron ore, and above the mean for high-value containerised commodities. Vessel charges are also below the benchmarked mean and the required Tariff revenues are raised from the Tariffs charged to port tenants and cargo owners. This study examines and compares the 2013/2014 TNPA Tariff Structure with that proposed by the Ports Regulator of South Africa. It compiles, calculates and compares 254 commodity cargo dues with their relevant sector base Tariffs for the year. The results indicate the level and direction of cross-subsidisation within and between break-bulk, dry bulk, liquid bulk and containerised cargoes. Of the 254 commodities examined, 100 are below the sector base Tariff (being subsidised) and 154 are above (subsidising other cargoes). The findings of this article contribute to the implementation and monitoring of a Tariff strategy that will allow for a more reasonable, just and cost reflective TNPA Tariff Structure.
Jesus Otero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the timing of Tariff Structure changes in regulated industries evidence from england and wales
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2002Co-Authors: Monica Giulietti, Jesus OteroAbstract:Abstract In this paper, we investigate the dynamic evolution of Tariffs in telecommunications, gas, airports, electricity and water in England and Wales. We carry out a statistical analysis of the Tariffs charged by the companies, which have been subject to a price-cap since privatisation. The period covered, between 1976 and 1998, allows us to investigate systematic changes in the Tariff Structure before and after privatisation. In all the industries, with the exception of gas, we identify changes in the Tariff Structure immediately before privatisation. Some limited evidence of changes in electricity and gas Tariffs before the introduction of competition is also found.
