The Experts below are selected from a list of 92358 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael Falkenstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
MultiTasking in aging: ERP correlates of dual-Task costs in young versus low, intermediate, and high performing older adults
Neuropsychologia, 2018Co-Authors: Sven Thönes, Michael Falkenstein, Patrick D. GajewskiAbstract:Abstract With large inter-individual variability, older adults show a decline in cognitive performance in dual-Task Situations. Differences in attentional processes, working memory, response selection, and general speed of information processing have been discussed as potential sources of this decline and its between-subject variability. In comparison to young subjects (n = 36, mean age: 25 years), we analyzed the performance of a large group of healthy elderly subjects (n = 138, mean age: 70 years) in a conflicting dual-Task Situation (PRP paradigm). Based on their dual-Task costs (DTCs), the older participants were clustered in three groups of high, medium, and low performing elderly. DTCs differed between groups and increased linearly from young subjects to low performing elderly. The groups did not differ with respect to ERP-components related to Task preparation (CNV) and recall of stimulus-response mappings (P2). Peak latencies of the frontocentral P2 and N2 were shorter in young as compared to older adults but did not differ between elderly performance groups. However, differences in N2 amplitude between short and long SOA were correlated with the corresponding DTCs, suggesting more efficient S-R implementation in subjects with lower DTCs. Based on our results, between-subject differences in dual-Task interference can be explained in terms of individual differences in selection of an appropriate response in dual-Task Situations.
-
Age-related differences in performance and stimulus processing in dual Task Situation.
Brain Research, 2011Co-Authors: Melanie Hahn, Nele Wild-wall, Michael FalkensteinAbstract:Competition for limited processing resources is most critical in dual-Tasks which incorporate cognitive and motor demands. Performance is usually diminished with increasing age in such Tasks. This decline is relevant for activities in real life like driving. In the present study we aim to examine if there are age-related differences in stimulus processing in a dual-Task and if these differences have an impact on performance of a driving-like tracking Task. Young and older participants performed a dual-Task consisting of a tracking Task and a visual attention Task. Alongside, the EEG was recorded for calculating the P300 (P3) of the event-related potential as a reflection of controlled stimulus processing. In the visual attention Task older vs. young participants showed more misses and false alarms. For young participants the P3 shows an expected pattern of higher amplitudes for relevant compared to irrelevant stimuli. This was not found for the older participants. A general age-related decline in tracking performance was relatively more pronounced if a secondary motor response was required in the visual attention Task and also after irrelevant stimuli. The results suggest that older compared to young participants had greater difficulties to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant stimuli in a dual-Task Situation as they probably apply comparable attentional resources to all stimuli. This may also explain the higher error rates. These results have important implications for the understanding of age-related stimulus processing in dual- and multi-Task Situations in real life as for instance driving. Language: en
-
Age-related differences in performance and stimulus processing in dual Task Situation.
Brain research, 2011Co-Authors: Melanie Hahn, Nele Wild-wall, Michael FalkensteinAbstract:Competition for limited processing resources is most critical in dual-Tasks which incorporate cognitive and motor demands. Performance is usually diminished with increasing age in such Tasks. This decline is relevant for activities in real life like driving. In the present study we aim to examine if there are age-related differences in stimulus processing in a dual-Task and if these differences have an impact on performance of a driving-like tracking Task. Young and older participants performed a dual-Task consisting of a tracking Task and a visual attention Task. Alongside, the EEG was recorded for calculating the P300 (P3) of the event-related potential as a reflection of controlled stimulus processing. In the visual attention Task older vs. young participants showed more misses and false alarms. For young participants the P3 shows an expected pattern of higher amplitudes for relevant compared to irrelevant stimuli. This was not found for the older participants. A general age-related decline in tracking performance was relatively more pronounced if a secondary motor response was required in the visual attention Task and also after irrelevant stimuli. The results suggest that older compared to young participants had greater difficulties to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant stimuli in a dual-Task Situation as they probably apply comparable attentional resources to all stimuli. This may also explain the higher error rates. These results have important implications for the understanding of age-related stimulus processing in dual and multi Task Situations in real life as for instance driving.
Torsten Schubert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The Causal Role of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex for Task-order Coordination in Dual-Task Situations: A Study with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.
Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Sebastian Kübler, Alexander Soutschek, Torsten SchubertAbstract:Dual Tasks are characterized by the requirement for additional Task-order coordination processes that schedule the processing order of two temporally overlapping Tasks. Preliminary evidence from functional imaging studies suggests that lateral pFC (lPFC) activation correlates with implementing these Task-order coordination processes. However, so far, it is unclear whether the lPFC is also causally involved in coordinating Task order during dual-Task performance and which exact mechanisms are implemented by this brain region. In this study, we addressed these open issues by applying online TMS during a dual-Task Situation. For this purpose, participants performed a dual Task in fixed-order blocks with a constant order of Tasks and in random-order block, in which the order of Tasks varied randomly and thus demands on Task-order coordination were increased. In Experiment 1, TMS of the lPFC compared with control TMS conditions impaired dual-Task performance in random-order blocks, whereas performance in fixed-order blocks was unaffected by TMS. In Experiment 2, we tested for the specificity of the lPFC TMS effect on Task-order coordination by applying TMS over the preSMA. We showed that preSMA TMS did not affect dual-Task performance, neither in fixed-order nor in random-order blocks. Results of this study indicate that the lPFC, but not the preSMA, is causally involved in implementing Task-order coordination processes in dual-Task Situations.
-
Investigation on the improvement and transfer of dual-Task coordination skills
Psychological Research, 2012Co-Authors: Tilo Strobach, Peter A. Frensch, Alexander Soutschek, Torsten SchubertAbstract:Recent research has demonstrated that dual-Task performance in Situations with two simultaneously presented Tasks can be substantially improved with extensive practice. This improvement was related to the acquisition of Task coordination skills. Earlier studies provided evidence that these skills result from hybrid practice, including dual and single Tasks, but not from single-Task practice. It is an open question, however, whether Task coordination skills are independent from the specific practice Situation and are transferable to new Situations or whether they are non-transferable and Task-specific. The present study, therefore, tested skill transfer in (1) a dual-Task Situation with identical Tasks in practice and transfer, (2) a dual-Task Situation with two Tasks changed from practice to transfer, and (3) a Task switching Situation with two sequentially presented Tasks. Our findings are largely consistent with the assumption that Task coordination skills are non-transferable and Task-specific. We cannot, however, definitively reject the assumption of transferable skills when measuring error rates in the dual-Task Situation with two changed Tasks after practice. In the Task switching Situation, single-Task and hybrid practice both led to a transfer effect on mixing costs.
-
Improved interTask coordination after extensive dual-Task practice.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 2011Co-Authors: Roman Liepelt, Tilo Strobach, Peter A. Frensch, Torsten SchubertAbstract:This study examines whether an improved interTask coordination skill is acquired during extensive dual-Task training and whether it can be transferred to a new dual-Task Situation. Participants practised a visual–manual Task and an auditory–vocal Task. These Tasks were trained in two groups matched in dual-Task performance measures before practice: a single-Task practice group and a hybrid practice group (including single-Task and dual-Task practice). After practice, the single-Task practice group was transferred to the same dual-Task Situation as that for the hybrid practice group (Experiment 1), both groups were transferred to a dual-Task Situation with a new visual Task (Experiment 2), and both groups were transferred to a dual-Task Situation with a new auditory Task matched in Task difficulty (Experiment 3). The results show a dual-Task performance advantage in the hybrid practice group over the single-Task practice group in the practised dual-Task Situation (Experiment 1), the manipulated visual-Task...
-
neural mechanisms of concurrent stimulus processing in dual Tasks
NeuroImage, 2009Co-Authors: Christine Stelzel, Stephan A Brandt, Torsten SchubertAbstract:Abstract Little is known about how the human brain processes multiple relevant information streams competing for behavior. The present study aimed at specifying the interaction of the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) with Task-relevant sensory brain regions during concurrent stimulus processing of two relevant stimuli (S1, S2) in a classical dual-Task Situation. In detail, we tested whether S1 processing is independent of the Task relevance of S2 as has been hypothesised in cognitive theories on dual-Task processing. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we tested two neural mechanisms that might reflect effects of S2 relevance on S1 processing at different temporal overlaps. The results indicate that: (1) activity amplitudes in S1-relevant regions in the inferior temporal cortex were similarly affected by the temporal overlap between the two stimuli when S2 was relevant or irrelevant and (2) only when S2 was relevant in the dual Task, significant increases in the functional coupling between S1-relevant regions and dual-Task-related regions in the posterior lPFC were present at high temporal overlap. No similar effects were found for S2-relevant regions. These findings suggest that concurrent stimulus processing in dual Tasks is realised by transient changes in functional coupling for stimuli with relatively higher priority (S1).
-
Functional neuroanatomy of interference in overlapping dual Tasks: an fMRI study
Brain research. Cognitive brain research, 2003Co-Authors: Torsten Schubert, André J. SzameitatAbstract:A basic characteristic of the human action and cognition system is the occurrence of interference when participants attempt to perform two Tasks at the same time. Such interference has been studied for a long time with so-called overlapping dual Tasks, where two stimuli presented in rapid succession require separate responses. As an indicator of interference, reaction times on the second stimulus increase the smaller the interval between both Tasks. While most behavioral studies investigated the temporal dynamics of the interference, we focused on the functional neuroanatomy of overlapping dual-Task performance by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants were asked to perform two choice reaction Tasks concurrently [Pashler, Psychol. Bull., 116 (1994) 220-244]. When activation in this overlapping dual-Task Situation was compared with the summed activation of the single component Tasks, activation in the prefrontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices was detected. These data suggest that the processing of the overlapping dual Tasks requires an extensive and distributed network of processing centers. However, the main focus of the dual-Task-related activation was located in regions surrounding the left inferior frontal sulcus. Based on our findings and on findings of other recent neuroimaging studies, we argue that activation of the left inferior frontal sulcus reflects increased synaptic activity related to the need to manage interfering information in order to determine the appropriate action.
Melanie Hahn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Age-related differences in performance and stimulus processing in dual Task Situation.
Brain Research, 2011Co-Authors: Melanie Hahn, Nele Wild-wall, Michael FalkensteinAbstract:Competition for limited processing resources is most critical in dual-Tasks which incorporate cognitive and motor demands. Performance is usually diminished with increasing age in such Tasks. This decline is relevant for activities in real life like driving. In the present study we aim to examine if there are age-related differences in stimulus processing in a dual-Task and if these differences have an impact on performance of a driving-like tracking Task. Young and older participants performed a dual-Task consisting of a tracking Task and a visual attention Task. Alongside, the EEG was recorded for calculating the P300 (P3) of the event-related potential as a reflection of controlled stimulus processing. In the visual attention Task older vs. young participants showed more misses and false alarms. For young participants the P3 shows an expected pattern of higher amplitudes for relevant compared to irrelevant stimuli. This was not found for the older participants. A general age-related decline in tracking performance was relatively more pronounced if a secondary motor response was required in the visual attention Task and also after irrelevant stimuli. The results suggest that older compared to young participants had greater difficulties to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant stimuli in a dual-Task Situation as they probably apply comparable attentional resources to all stimuli. This may also explain the higher error rates. These results have important implications for the understanding of age-related stimulus processing in dual- and multi-Task Situations in real life as for instance driving. Language: en
-
Age-related differences in performance and stimulus processing in dual Task Situation.
Brain research, 2011Co-Authors: Melanie Hahn, Nele Wild-wall, Michael FalkensteinAbstract:Competition for limited processing resources is most critical in dual-Tasks which incorporate cognitive and motor demands. Performance is usually diminished with increasing age in such Tasks. This decline is relevant for activities in real life like driving. In the present study we aim to examine if there are age-related differences in stimulus processing in a dual-Task and if these differences have an impact on performance of a driving-like tracking Task. Young and older participants performed a dual-Task consisting of a tracking Task and a visual attention Task. Alongside, the EEG was recorded for calculating the P300 (P3) of the event-related potential as a reflection of controlled stimulus processing. In the visual attention Task older vs. young participants showed more misses and false alarms. For young participants the P3 shows an expected pattern of higher amplitudes for relevant compared to irrelevant stimuli. This was not found for the older participants. A general age-related decline in tracking performance was relatively more pronounced if a secondary motor response was required in the visual attention Task and also after irrelevant stimuli. The results suggest that older compared to young participants had greater difficulties to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant stimuli in a dual-Task Situation as they probably apply comparable attentional resources to all stimuli. This may also explain the higher error rates. These results have important implications for the understanding of age-related stimulus processing in dual and multi Task Situations in real life as for instance driving.
Pia Borlund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A study of the use of simulated work Task Situations in interactive information retrieval evaluations: A meta-evaluation
Journal of Documentation, 2016Co-Authors: Pia BorlundAbstract:Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report a study of how the test instrument of a simulated work Task Situation is used in empirical evaluations of interactive information retrieval (IIR) and reported in the research literature. In particular, the author is interested to learn whether the requirements of how to employ simulated work Task Situations are followed, and whether these requirements call for further highlighting and refinement. Design/methodology/approach – In order to study how simulated work Task Situations are used, the research literature in question is identified. This is done partly via citation analysis by use of Web of Science®, and partly by systematic search of online repositories. On this basis, 67 individual publications were identified and they constitute the sample of analysis. Findings – The analysis reveals a need for clarifications of how to use simulated work Task Situations in IIR evaluations. In particular, with respect to the design and creation of realistic simulated...
-
reconsideration of the simulated work Task Situation a context instrument for evaluation of information retrieval interaction
Information Interaction in Context, 2010Co-Authors: Pia Borlund, Jesper W SchneiderAbstract:The present paper reports on the initial study and the preliminary findings of how the concept of simulated work Task Situation is reported used in the research literature. The overall objective of the study is in a systematic manner to learn how and for what types of evaluations the concept is applied. In particular we are interested to learn whether the recommendations for how to apply simulated work Task Situations are followed. The preliminary findings indicate a need for clarifications of the recommendations of how to use simulated work Task Situations. Particularly with respect to 'realism' of the simulated work Task Situations, which is emphasised through the need for tailoring of the simulated work Task Situations towards the group of study participant to ensure the depicted Situations are realistic and interesting from the participants' point of view. Likewise it seems that the recommendation to involve the study participants' own information needs (to function as baseline of search interaction) is generally neglected in the reported studies.
-
IIiX - Reconsideration of the simulated work Task Situation: a context instrument for evaluation of information retrieval interaction
Proceeding of the third symposium on Information interaction in context - IIiX '10, 2010Co-Authors: Pia Borlund, Jesper W SchneiderAbstract:The present paper reports on the initial study and the preliminary findings of how the concept of simulated work Task Situation is reported used in the research literature. The overall objective of the study is in a systematic manner to learn how and for what types of evaluations the concept is applied. In particular we are interested to learn whether the recommendations for how to apply simulated work Task Situations are followed. The preliminary findings indicate a need for clarifications of the recommendations of how to use simulated work Task Situations. Particularly with respect to 'realism' of the simulated work Task Situations, which is emphasised through the need for tailoring of the simulated work Task Situations towards the group of study participant to ensure the depicted Situations are realistic and interesting from the participants' point of view. Likewise it seems that the recommendation to involve the study participants' own information needs (to function as baseline of search interaction) is generally neglected in the reported studies.
-
Experimental components for the evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems
Journal of Documentation, 2000Co-Authors: Pia BorlundAbstract:This paper presents a set of basic components which constitutes the experimental setting intended for the evaluation of interactive information retrieval (IIR) systems, the aim of which is to facilitate evaluation of IIR systems in a way which is as close as possible to realistic IR processes. The experimental setting consists of three components: (1) the involvement of potential users as test persons; (2) the application of dynamic and individual information needs; and (3) the use of multidimensional and dynamic relevance judgements. Hidden under the information need component is the essential central sub‐component, the simulated work Task Situation, the tool that triggers the (simulated) dynamic information needs. This paper also reports on the empirical findings of the metaevaluation of the application of this sub‐component, the purpose of which is to discover whether the application of simulated work Task Situations to future evaluation of IIR systems can be recommended. Investigations are carried out to determine whether any search behavioural differences exist between test persons‘ treatment of their own real information needs versus simulated information needs. The hypothesis is that if no difference exists one can correctly substitute real information needs with simulated information needs through the application of simulated work Task Situations. The empirical results of the meta‐evaluation provide positive evidence for the application of simulated work Task Situations to the evaluation of IIR systems. The results also indicate that tailoring work Task Situations to the group of test persons is important in motivating them. Furthermore, the results of the evaluation show that different versions of semantic openness of the simulated Situations make no difference to the test persons’ search treatment.
-
MIRA - The application of work Tasks in connection with the evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems: empirical results
1999Co-Authors: Pia Borlund, Peter IngwersenAbstract:This paper reports on the empirical findings of the meta-evaluation of the application of work Tasks in connection with the evaluation of interactive information retrieval (IIR) systems. The purpose of the meta-evaluation is to uncover if it is recommendable to apply work Tasks to future evaluation of IIR systems. It is investigated if any search behavioural differences exist between test persons' treatment of their own real information needs versus simulated information needs. The hypothesis is that if no difference exists one can correctly substitute real information needs with simulated information needs through the application of simulated work Task Situations. We are also interested in learning what defines a 'good' work Task Situation. The empirical results of the meta-evaluation provide positive evidence of the application of simulated work Task Situations in connection with evaluation of IIR systems. The results also point to that tuning of work Task Situations towards the group of test persons is of importance due to motivation of the test persons. Furthermore, the results of the evaluation show that different versions of semantic openness of the simulated Situations make no difference to the test persons' search treatment. Finally, it is verified that there exists a general pattern of assessment behaviour for the test persons. This verification makes yet another experimental reason for permutation of work Tasks between test persons, in order to avoid bias of the retrieval results.
Nele Wild-wall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Age-related differences in performance and stimulus processing in dual Task Situation.
Brain Research, 2011Co-Authors: Melanie Hahn, Nele Wild-wall, Michael FalkensteinAbstract:Competition for limited processing resources is most critical in dual-Tasks which incorporate cognitive and motor demands. Performance is usually diminished with increasing age in such Tasks. This decline is relevant for activities in real life like driving. In the present study we aim to examine if there are age-related differences in stimulus processing in a dual-Task and if these differences have an impact on performance of a driving-like tracking Task. Young and older participants performed a dual-Task consisting of a tracking Task and a visual attention Task. Alongside, the EEG was recorded for calculating the P300 (P3) of the event-related potential as a reflection of controlled stimulus processing. In the visual attention Task older vs. young participants showed more misses and false alarms. For young participants the P3 shows an expected pattern of higher amplitudes for relevant compared to irrelevant stimuli. This was not found for the older participants. A general age-related decline in tracking performance was relatively more pronounced if a secondary motor response was required in the visual attention Task and also after irrelevant stimuli. The results suggest that older compared to young participants had greater difficulties to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant stimuli in a dual-Task Situation as they probably apply comparable attentional resources to all stimuli. This may also explain the higher error rates. These results have important implications for the understanding of age-related stimulus processing in dual- and multi-Task Situations in real life as for instance driving. Language: en
-
Age-related differences in performance and stimulus processing in dual Task Situation.
Brain research, 2011Co-Authors: Melanie Hahn, Nele Wild-wall, Michael FalkensteinAbstract:Competition for limited processing resources is most critical in dual-Tasks which incorporate cognitive and motor demands. Performance is usually diminished with increasing age in such Tasks. This decline is relevant for activities in real life like driving. In the present study we aim to examine if there are age-related differences in stimulus processing in a dual-Task and if these differences have an impact on performance of a driving-like tracking Task. Young and older participants performed a dual-Task consisting of a tracking Task and a visual attention Task. Alongside, the EEG was recorded for calculating the P300 (P3) of the event-related potential as a reflection of controlled stimulus processing. In the visual attention Task older vs. young participants showed more misses and false alarms. For young participants the P3 shows an expected pattern of higher amplitudes for relevant compared to irrelevant stimuli. This was not found for the older participants. A general age-related decline in tracking performance was relatively more pronounced if a secondary motor response was required in the visual attention Task and also after irrelevant stimuli. The results suggest that older compared to young participants had greater difficulties to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant stimuli in a dual-Task Situation as they probably apply comparable attentional resources to all stimuli. This may also explain the higher error rates. These results have important implications for the understanding of age-related stimulus processing in dual and multi Task Situations in real life as for instance driving.
