The Experts below are selected from a list of 300 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fred Wester - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conceptualizing Television News interpretation by its viewers: The concept of interpretive complexity
Communications, 2005Co-Authors: Gabi Schaap, Karsten Renckstorf, Fred WesterAbstract:In recent years many scholars seem to agree that viewers' interpretations play a prominent role in the influence of Television News. However, a clear concept of 'interpretation' is still missing. This article proposes to conceptualize interpretation as the 'representation' of a News item as constructed and reported by a News viewer. More specifically, we look at this representation in terms of its complexity. Two aspects are important: first, the fundamental elements viewers use in their interpretation (differentiation), and second, how the viewer relates these elements to one another on a more abstract level (integration). Together, differentiation and integration represent the complexity of the viewer's interpretation of a Television News item. The article provides definitions of these concepts and argues that interpretive complexity can be useful in studying the influence of Television News. It concludes by outlining research questions in the field of Television News using interpretive complexity.
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Patterns in Television News Use
Communications, 2001Co-Authors: R.p. Konig, Karsten Renckstorf, Fred WesterAbstract:In this study we explore patterns of Television News use, using data from a national survey on Media Use in the Netherlands conducted in 1994 (n = 969). Results indicate that people are much more likely to prefer watching Television News selectively and attentively than watching the News while simultaneously engaging in other activities. Moreover, the chances of this preference for watching the News selectively and attentively are even greater for men, older people, and people endorsing well-informed citizen's values. They are somewhat smaller for women, younger people, and people without well-informed citizen's values. No evidence of interaction among these determinants was found. Contrary to our expectations, education, occupation, and having children do not seem to influence self-reported patterns of Television News use. A possible explanation for the difference between men and women, is the subjective definition of home as a sphere of leisure for men and a sphere of labor for women, which traditional role-expectancies may still engender. A possible explanation for the inclination of older people and people with well-informed citizens values to prefer watching the News selectively and attentively, may be found in a relatively strong feeling that watching the News is important.
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On the use of Television News : Routines in watching the News
Communications, 1998Co-Authors: R.p. Konig, Karsten Renckstorf, Fred WesterAbstract:The use of Television News by large audiences is a rather common experience in modern society and, consequently, Television News use is often supposed to be a rather simple, uniform act. From an action theoretical point of view, however, media use is conceived as a form of social action, and the use that people make of Television News is regarded as a complex phenomenon. According to the action theoretical view on the use of Television News, an appropriate concept of Television News use should not only refer to internal an external actions of self-conscious audience members, but should also take into account the social and situational contexts in which News watching is embedded. The so-called interaction situation consists of more than just a Television set and a viewer watching the News. The present study addresses some dimensions of the interaction situation of using Television News; that is, characteristics of the ways in which people routinely structure the social and situational contexts surrounding their daily News watching, are explored. Using data from a 1994 national survey in the Netherlands (n=969), routines in everyday use of Television News are explored and socio-cultural profiles of everyday News watching are described. This study focuses on (I) the existence of such routines in watching Television News, (2) the relationship of these routines with variations in other aspects of mass media use, and (3) the correlations of these routines in daily Television News watching with individual and social background variables. Two specific routines in everyday News watching can be discerned and clearly distinguished from three more general routines in watching Television.
L. Wallack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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youth and violence on local Television News in california
American Journal of Public Health, 1997Co-Authors: Lori Dorfman, Katie Woodruff, Vivian Chavez, L. WallackAbstract:OBJECTIVES: This study explores how local Television News structures the public and policy debate on youth violence. METHODS: A content analysis was performed on 214 hours of local Television News from California. Each of the 1791 stories concerning youth, violence, or both was coded and analyzed for whether it included a public health perspective. RESULTS: There were five key findings. First, violence dominated local Television News coverage. Second, the specifics of particular crimes dominated coverage of violence. Third, over half of the stories on youth involved violence, while more than two thirds of the violence stories concerned youth. Fourth, episodic coverage of violence was more than five times more frequent than thematic coverage, which included links to broader social factors. Finally, only one story had an explicit public health frame. CONCLUSIONS: Local Television News provides extremely limited coverage of contributing etiological factors in stories on violence. If our nation's most popular...
Daniel Linz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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race and the misrepresentation of victimization on local Television News
Communication Research, 2000Co-Authors: Travis L Dixon, Daniel LinzAbstract:A content analysis of a random sample of Television News aired in Los Angeles and Orange Counties was undertaken to assess representations of Whites, Blacks, and Latinos as crime victims. Intergroup comparisons (Black vs. White and Latino vs. White) revealed that Whites are more likely than African Americans and Latinos to be portrayed as victims of crime on Television News. Interrole comparisons (perpetrator vs. victim) revealed that Blacks and Latinos are more likely to be portrayed as lawbreakers than as crime victims, whereas the reverse is true of Whites. Interreality comparisons (Television News vs. crime reports) revealed that Whites are overrepresented, Latinos are underrepresented, and Blacks are neither overrepresented nor underrepresented as homicide victims on Television News compared to crime reports. Conversely, African Americans are overrepresented, Latinos are underrepresented, and Caucasians are neither overrepresented nor underrepresented as perpetrators on Television News. Whites appear...
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Overrepresentation and Underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as Lawbreakers on Television News
Journal of Communication, 2000Co-Authors: Travis L Dixon, Daniel LinzAbstract:We conducted a content analysis of a random sample of local Television News programming in Los Angeles and Orange counties to assess representations of Blacks, Latinos, and Whites as lawbreakers and law defenders. ‘Intergroup’ comparisons of perpetrators (Black and Latino vs. White) revealed that Blacks and Latinos are significantly more likely than Whites to be portrayed as lawbreakers on Television News. ‘Interrole’ comparisons (lawbreakers vs. law defenders) revealed that Blacks and Latinos are more likely to be portrayed as lawbreakers than as defenders, whereas Whites are significantly more likely to be portrayed as defenders than as lawbreakers. ‘Interreality’ comparisons of lawbreakers (Television News vs. crime reports from the California Department of Justice) revealed that Blacks are overrepresented as lawbreakers, and Latinos and Whites are underrepresented as lawbreakers on Television News compared to their respective crime rates obtained from the California Department of Justice for Los Angeles and Orange counties. Interreality comparisons of law defenders (Television News vs. county employment records) revealed that Whites are overrepresented, Latinos are underrepresented, and Blacks are neither over- nor underrepresented as police officers on Television News compared to employment reports. We speculate on the psychological effects of exposure to these intergroup, interrole, and interreality differentials on Television News viewers.
Lori Dorfman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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youth and violence on local Television News in california
American Journal of Public Health, 1997Co-Authors: Lori Dorfman, Katie Woodruff, Vivian Chavez, L. WallackAbstract:OBJECTIVES: This study explores how local Television News structures the public and policy debate on youth violence. METHODS: A content analysis was performed on 214 hours of local Television News from California. Each of the 1791 stories concerning youth, violence, or both was coded and analyzed for whether it included a public health perspective. RESULTS: There were five key findings. First, violence dominated local Television News coverage. Second, the specifics of particular crimes dominated coverage of violence. Third, over half of the stories on youth involved violence, while more than two thirds of the violence stories concerned youth. Fourth, episodic coverage of violence was more than five times more frequent than thematic coverage, which included links to broader social factors. Finally, only one story had an explicit public health frame. CONCLUSIONS: Local Television News provides extremely limited coverage of contributing etiological factors in stories on violence. If our nation's most popular...
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Spanish Language Television News Portrayals of Youth and Violence in California
International quarterly of community health education, 1996Co-Authors: Vivian Chavez, Lori DorfmanAbstract:Language is central to Latino1 culture and to the current multicultural multilingual realities of the United States. This exploratory study takes those who may be unfamiliar with Spanish language Television News through a comparative analysis of Television portrayals of youth and violence. Findings from this ethnographic content analysis reveal that local Spanish language Television News stories on youth and/or violence are framed thematically (with a social, political, and economic context) three and a half times more often than English language local Television News. This study highlights the importance of engaging the Spanish media in the future health promotion efforts. Public health advocates can share information related to the socioeconomic factors associated with violence and outline policy and programmatic solutions with Spanish language journalists.
Travis L Dixon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Representation of Juvenile Offenders by Race on Los Angeles Area Television News
Howard Journal of Communications, 2006Co-Authors: Travis L Dixon, Cristina L. AzocarAbstract:The authors conducted a content analysis of a random sample of local Television News programming aired in the Los Angeles area to assess representations of Black, Latino and White juvenile law-breakers. Results revealed that Black and Latino juveniles were significantly more likely than White juveniles to be portrayed as perpetrators on Television News. Black juveniles were overrepresented as lawbreakers, whereas Latino juveniles were underrepresented as lawbreakers on Television News. White juveniles were neither over- nor underrepresented as perpetrators. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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race and the misrepresentation of victimization on local Television News
Communication Research, 2000Co-Authors: Travis L Dixon, Daniel LinzAbstract:A content analysis of a random sample of Television News aired in Los Angeles and Orange Counties was undertaken to assess representations of Whites, Blacks, and Latinos as crime victims. Intergroup comparisons (Black vs. White and Latino vs. White) revealed that Whites are more likely than African Americans and Latinos to be portrayed as victims of crime on Television News. Interrole comparisons (perpetrator vs. victim) revealed that Blacks and Latinos are more likely to be portrayed as lawbreakers than as crime victims, whereas the reverse is true of Whites. Interreality comparisons (Television News vs. crime reports) revealed that Whites are overrepresented, Latinos are underrepresented, and Blacks are neither overrepresented nor underrepresented as homicide victims on Television News compared to crime reports. Conversely, African Americans are overrepresented, Latinos are underrepresented, and Caucasians are neither overrepresented nor underrepresented as perpetrators on Television News. Whites appear...
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Overrepresentation and Underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as Lawbreakers on Television News
Journal of Communication, 2000Co-Authors: Travis L Dixon, Daniel LinzAbstract:We conducted a content analysis of a random sample of local Television News programming in Los Angeles and Orange counties to assess representations of Blacks, Latinos, and Whites as lawbreakers and law defenders. ‘Intergroup’ comparisons of perpetrators (Black and Latino vs. White) revealed that Blacks and Latinos are significantly more likely than Whites to be portrayed as lawbreakers on Television News. ‘Interrole’ comparisons (lawbreakers vs. law defenders) revealed that Blacks and Latinos are more likely to be portrayed as lawbreakers than as defenders, whereas Whites are significantly more likely to be portrayed as defenders than as lawbreakers. ‘Interreality’ comparisons of lawbreakers (Television News vs. crime reports from the California Department of Justice) revealed that Blacks are overrepresented as lawbreakers, and Latinos and Whites are underrepresented as lawbreakers on Television News compared to their respective crime rates obtained from the California Department of Justice for Los Angeles and Orange counties. Interreality comparisons of law defenders (Television News vs. county employment records) revealed that Whites are overrepresented, Latinos are underrepresented, and Blacks are neither over- nor underrepresented as police officers on Television News compared to employment reports. We speculate on the psychological effects of exposure to these intergroup, interrole, and interreality differentials on Television News viewers.
