The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bernard Boutevin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unexpected radical Telomerisation of vinylidene fluoride with 2 mercaptoethanol
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Michel Duc, Bernard Boutevin, Bruno AmeduriAbstract:The radical Telomerisation of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) with 2-mercaptoethanol as chain transfer agent (CTA) was studied to synthesise fluorinated telomers which bear a hydroxy end-group, such as H(VDF)nS(CH2)2OH, under thermal (di-tert-butyl peroxide as the initiator) or photochemical initiations. A careful structural study of a typical H-VDF-S(CH2)2OH telomer was performed by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. These analytical methods allowed us to explore the selective addition of the thiyl radical onto the hydrogenated side of VDF, and the telomer containing one VDF unit was obtained selectively. Surprisingly, for higher [VDF]o initial concentrations, a monoadduct telomer was produced as well as PVDF homopolymer. This feature was related to the fast consumption of the CTA. The kinetics of radical Telomerisation led to a quite high transfer constant of the CTA (40 at 140 °C) that evidences the formation of a monoadduct as the only telomer formed.
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synthesis of functionalized amine oligomers by free radical telomerization of methyl methacrylate with a peculiar telogen 2 aminoethanethiol hydrochloride
Journal of Polymer Science Part A, 2004Co-Authors: Cyrille Boyer, Cedric Loubat, Jean Jacques Robin, Bernard BoutevinAbstract:The Telomerization of methyl methacrylate with 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride initiated by 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, was investigated in dimethylformamide (DMF). First, the peculiar behavior of 2-aminoethanethiol was highlighted because it behaves as a peculiar transfer agent; this is because its transfer constant (C T ) is weak compared with that of other thiols. The presence of the amine function greatly disturbs the free radical telomerization reaction. Telomerization was performed in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to protect the amine group. The transfer constant was strongly influenced by the acid and water concentration. This work emphasized that the nature of the solvent plays an important role in the determination of the transfer constant. Thus, the value of C T increased from 0.23 in DMF to 0.56 in the HCl/DMF mixture. The primary and secondary amines were recovered after the reaction. The functionality of the primary and secondary amines was measured by titration. The influence of the concentration of HCl on the resulting amine functionality was investigated. The acid presence prevents the formation of secondary amines, arising from Michael's reaction, on methyl methacrylate. Finally, these results were applied to the synthesis of amine-functionalized telomers with molecular masses of 2000 to 15,000 g/mol. The amine function was correlated with the decrease of R 0 ([telogen]/[monomer]).
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study of the telomerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate dmaema with mercaptoethanol application to the synthesis of a new macromonomer
Polymer, 2004Co-Authors: Cyrille Boyer, Gilles Boutevin, Jean Jacques Robin, Bernard BoutevinAbstract:Abstract The telomerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with mercaptoethanol initiated by 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile was first investigated at 70 °C and the influence of the type of solvent was studied. The results showed that well-defined telomers of DMAEMA could not be synthetized via telomerization of DMAEMA in water or water/acetonitrile mixture since the telomerization reaction is in competition with the nucleophilic addition of thiol onto the monomer. Transfer constants for mercaptoethanol in benzene and acetonitrile were determined by Mayo's and O'Brien's methods. The transfer constant obtained in acetonitrile (0,6) was higher than that obtained in benzene. This difference can be explained by the fact that the thiol was consumed by two reactions: nucleophilic addition and telomerization. The influence of solvents on the polymerization kinetics was enlightened. These results were applied to the synthesis of macromonomers of DMAEMA with isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM). These macromonomers were copolymerized with styrene.
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first maldi tof mass spectrometry of vinylidene fluoride telomers endowed with low defect chaining
Macromolecules, 2004Co-Authors: Bruno Ameduri, Catherine Ladaviere, Frederic Delolme, Bernard BoutevinAbstract:The radical telomerization of vinylidene fluoride (or 1,1-difluoroethylene, VDF) with iodotrifluoromethane initiated by tert-butyl peroxypivalate is presented. The VDF telomers obtained were characterized by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy and by matrix-assisted laser desorption−ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) that revealed low polydispersity indexes showing a pseudo-living character of this reaction regarded as an iodine transfer polymerization process. CF3 and CF2I end groups appear as suitable labels in the 19F NMR spectra to assess the number-average molar masses of these VDF telomers (Mn). Both these techniques showed a good agreement in terms of degree of telomerization, and the first examples of MALDI−TOF mass spectra of fluorotelomers are presented. Interestingly, all telomers obtained exhibit the structure CF3CH2CF2(VDF)nI, showing that (i) the trifluoromethyl radical preferentially attacked the methylene site of VDF with a high regioselectivity; (ii) the only transfer rea...
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well architectured fluoropolymers synthesis properties and applications
2004Co-Authors: Bruno Ameduri, Bernard BoutevinAbstract:Chapter 1 : Telomerisation Reactions of Fluorinated Alkenes. Chapter 2 : Synthesis Of Fluorinated Telechelics as Precursors of Well-Defined Fluoropolymers. Chapter 3 : Synthesis, Properties And Applications of Fluorinated Alternating Copolymers. Chapter 4 : Synthesis, Properties, and Applications Of Fluorinated Diblocks, Triblock, and Multiblock Copolymers. Chapter 5 : Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Fluorinated Graft Copolymers.
Bruno Ameduri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unexpected radical Telomerisation of vinylidene fluoride with 2 mercaptoethanol
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Michel Duc, Bernard Boutevin, Bruno AmeduriAbstract:The radical Telomerisation of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) with 2-mercaptoethanol as chain transfer agent (CTA) was studied to synthesise fluorinated telomers which bear a hydroxy end-group, such as H(VDF)nS(CH2)2OH, under thermal (di-tert-butyl peroxide as the initiator) or photochemical initiations. A careful structural study of a typical H-VDF-S(CH2)2OH telomer was performed by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. These analytical methods allowed us to explore the selective addition of the thiyl radical onto the hydrogenated side of VDF, and the telomer containing one VDF unit was obtained selectively. Surprisingly, for higher [VDF]o initial concentrations, a monoadduct telomer was produced as well as PVDF homopolymer. This feature was related to the fast consumption of the CTA. The kinetics of radical Telomerisation led to a quite high transfer constant of the CTA (40 at 140 °C) that evidences the formation of a monoadduct as the only telomer formed.
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Telomerisation of trifluoroethylene with dimethyl phosphite part 1 preparation of the monoadduct
Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Sandy Gosset, Ali Alaaeddine, Olinda Gimello, Vincent Ladmiral, Bruno AmeduriAbstract:The radical Telomerisation of trifluoroethylene (TrFE) with dimethyl phosphite (DMP) was investigated to synthesize fluorinated monoadducts bearing a phosphonate end-group such as HTrFEP(O)(OCH3)2. Among various radical initiators, di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) was the most efficient one at 80–140 C. This Telomerisation protocol successfully yielded mainly the monoadduct of TrFE and DMP. A structural study of the TrFE-DMP monoadduct was carried out using 1H, 13C, 19F and 31P NMR spectroscopies and showed that a mixture of dimethyl-1,2,2-trifluoroethylphosphonate and dimethyl-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl- phosphonate was obtained. The best experimental conditions to reach high yields of monoadduct were achieved at T = 140 C, using initial molar ratios R0 = [DMP]0/[TrFE]0 and C0 = [DTBP]0/[TrFE]0 of 3 and 0.05, respectively, and a reaction time of 15 h. Higher telomeric adducts were also detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
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Telomerisation Reaction of 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene
2016Co-Authors: G. Kostov, Bruno AmeduriAbstract:Radical telomerizations of 3,3,3-trifluropropene involving different X-Y chain transfer agents (CTAs, phosphonated, halogenated) was summarized. The kinetics of telomerization enabled one to assess the transfer constants to the CTAs, while cotelomerization have also shown a great interest. The second part deals with the applications of these functional telomers as potential intermediates for the synthesis of well-architectured fluoropolymers including telechelics, block copolymers, macromonomers, graft copolymers. Various examples are supplied to understand the wide potential of applications of these fluoropolymers and potential non-bioaccumulable surfactants. Then, the controlled radical polymerization (CRP or RDRP) of fluoroalkenes in the presence of various chain transfer agents (1-iodofluoroalkanes or xanthates) is also presented. Industrial applications from CRP of fluoroalkenes will illustrate this book chapter.
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radical telomerization of 3 3 3 trifluoropropene with diethyl hydrogen phosphonate characterization of the first telomeric adducts and assessment of the transfer constants
Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: George K Kostov, Bruno Ameduri, Stephan M BrandstadterAbstract:Abstract The radical telomerization of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (TFP) with diethyl phosphate (or diethyl hydrogen phosphonate, DEHP) was investigated to synthesize fluorinated telomers bearing a phosphonate end-group, as H(TFP) n P(O)(OEt) 2 . Di- tert -butyl peroxide was the most efficient radical initiator. A careful structural study of typical TFP/DEHP telomers was performed by 1 H, 19 F, and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. These analytical methods allowed us to prove the selective addition of the phosphonyl radical onto the hydrogenated side of TFP, while the telomers containing more than two TFP units were composed of TFP isomers containing normal and reversed adducts. The kinetics of telomerization led to the assessment of the first four order transfer constants giving an infinite transfer constant of 0.75 at 140 °C for DEHP.
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first maldi tof mass spectrometry of vinylidene fluoride telomers endowed with low defect chaining
Macromolecules, 2004Co-Authors: Bruno Ameduri, Catherine Ladaviere, Frederic Delolme, Bernard BoutevinAbstract:The radical telomerization of vinylidene fluoride (or 1,1-difluoroethylene, VDF) with iodotrifluoromethane initiated by tert-butyl peroxypivalate is presented. The VDF telomers obtained were characterized by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy and by matrix-assisted laser desorption−ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) that revealed low polydispersity indexes showing a pseudo-living character of this reaction regarded as an iodine transfer polymerization process. CF3 and CF2I end groups appear as suitable labels in the 19F NMR spectra to assess the number-average molar masses of these VDF telomers (Mn). Both these techniques showed a good agreement in terms of degree of telomerization, and the first examples of MALDI−TOF mass spectra of fluorotelomers are presented. Interestingly, all telomers obtained exhibit the structure CF3CH2CF2(VDF)nI, showing that (i) the trifluoromethyl radical preferentially attacked the methylene site of VDF with a high regioselectivity; (ii) the only transfer rea...
Arno Behr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hydroamination and Telomerisation of β -Myrcene
Catalysis by Metal Complexes, 2017Co-Authors: Tobias Färber, Arno Behr, Andreas J. VorholtAbstract:In this chapter, the scale-up of the hydroamination (see Chap. 4) and Telomerisation (see Chap. 5) of the industrially available renewable resource β-myrcene (hereafter simply called myrcene) from batch to a continuous process is discussed in detail.
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Telomerisation of renewables
2017Co-Authors: Thiemo A Fasbach, Arno Behr, Andreas J. VorholtAbstract:In homogeneous catalysis, the term Telomerisation refers to the dimerisation of 1,3–dienes including an addition of a H–acidic nucleophile.
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first Telomerisation of piperylene with morpholine using palladium carbene catalysts
Catalysis Communications, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Neubert, Ines Meier, Tom Gaide, Rene Kuhlmann, Arno BehrAbstract:Abstract Telomerisation of common 1,3-dienes like butadiene and isoprene has already been successfully conducted with a huge number of nucleophiles. However, 1,3-pentadiene (piperylene) Telomerisation with amines has not been reported yet. Here, we present the first Telomerisation of piperylene with morpholine, providing an atom economic access to unsaturated C 10 -amines in a single reaction step. Investigations of the reaction conditions such as precursor and ligand screening led to Pd(acac) 2 /IMes·HCl being the most active catalyst.
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telomerization of myrcene and catalyst separation by thermomorphic solvent systems
Chemcatchem, 2010Co-Authors: Arno Behr, Leif Johnen, Andreas J. VorholtAbstract:Telomerization of common petrochemical 1,3-dienes such as butadiene and isoprene have long been successful with different nucleophiles; however, the telomerization of the C10 hydrocarbon myrcene was not known until now. Herein, the first telomerization of the monoterpene myrcene with diethylamine is discussed, which provides an atom-economical way of generating C20 amines in a single step. Variation of the palladium precursors and phosphorous ligands and optimization of solvent and additives led to the optimum catalyst system [Pd(MeCN)4](BF4)2/PPh3. By using a thermomorphic solvent system, the Pd complex can be easily separated with low leaching values.
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Multiphase Telomerisation of butadiene with phenol: optimisation and scale-up in different reactor types
Dalton Transactions, 2009Co-Authors: Arno Behr, Thomas Beckmann, Henrik NachtrodtAbstract:The Telomerisation with phenol is an efficient way to convert the well accessible 1,3-butadiene into products of higher value. This article describes the optimisation of this reaction both on a laboratory scale using a novel multiphase semi-batch mode and in a loop reactor as an alternative concept for a continuous operation mode. The optimised parameters are applied in a miniplant offering an interesting salt-free route to octadienylphenols.
Matthias Beller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selective Telomerisation of isoprene with methanol by a heterogeneous palladium resin catalyst
Catalysis Science & Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Torrentemurciano, Kingsley J. Cavell, Matthias Beller, David J. Nielsen, Ralf Jackstell, Alexei A. LapkinAbstract:High catalytic activity for the Telomerisation of isoprene with methanol with an unusual regioselectivity towards tail-to-tail Telomerisation products was achieved with a heterogeneous (DVB-resin-PPh3-Pd-dvds) catalyst synthesised by supporting palladium-(dvds) on a commercial triphenylphosphine–divinylbenzene resin, with potential for continuous operation. The high activity is a function of the presence of the (dvds) ligand while the regioselectivity is attributed to the combination of (dvds) and PPh3 ligands associated with the palladium centre. The loss of activity upon recycling the catalyst is due to the loss of associated (dvds) ligand during reaction and during the recycle process.
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a practical palladium catalyzed telomerization for the synthesis of functionalized alcohols
Organic Process Research & Development, 2009Co-Authors: Ralf Jackstell, Anne Grotevendt, Mario Gomez Andreu, Matthias BellerAbstract:The synthesis of octadienyl-substituted alcohols via palladium-catalyzed telomerization is described. 2-N-Methylaminoethanol, ethylene glycol, and 1,2-propylenediol react smoothly with 1,3-butadiene to give valuable intermediates for speciality polymers in high selectivity and quantitative yield on multi-100 g-scale.
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development of palladium carbene catalysts for telomerization and dimerization of 1 3 dienes from basic research to industrial applications
Chemistry: A European Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Nicolas D Clement, Anne Grotevendt, Ralf Jackstell, Lucie Routaboul, Matthias BellerAbstract:The following account summarises recent developments in the area of palladium-catalysed Telomerisation and dimerisation reactions of 1,3-dienes. The most active types of catalyst, palladium-carbene complexes, were tested in pilot plant and proved to be industrially viable.
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telomerization and dimerization of isoprene by in situ generated palladium carbene catalysts
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Ralf Jackstell, Anne Grotevendt, Dirk Michalik, Larbi El Firdoussi, Matthias BellerAbstract:Abstract The palladium-catalyzed telomerization of isoprene with methanol and dimerization of isoprene have been studied in presence of in situ generated palladium–carbene catalysts. Unprecedented catalyst productivity has been observed for these two reactions. A selectivity switch from the telomer to the dimer product occurred by using different substituted carbene ligands. Among the imidazolium salts tested 1,3-dimesitylimidazolium mesylate ( 1) , 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazolium chloride ( 3) gave the best yields for telomerization reaction whereas 1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ( 5) and 1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroimidazolium chloride ( 9) form dimers in high yield and good selectivity.
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efficient telomerization of 1 3 butadiene with alcohols in the presence of in situ generated palladium 0 carbene complexes
Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-chemical, 2002Co-Authors: Ralf Jackstell, Matthias Beller, Anja C Frisch, Dirk Rottger, Michael Malaun, Benno BildsteinAbstract:The palladium-catalyzed telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with alcohols has been studied in presence of palladium and imidazolium salts, which form in situ carbene ligands. Among the different imidazolium salts tested 1,3-dimesitylimidazolium chloride (7), 1,3-bis(ferrocenylmethyl)benzimidazolium tetraphenylborate (12) and 1,3-bis(2-ferrocenylethyl)benzimidazolium bromide (13) gave the best yields of the desired octadienyl ethers. Significantly improved regioselectivities for the linear octadienylethers are obtained in the reaction of 1,3-butadiene and methanol compared to the previously optimized palladium/triphenylphosphine catalyst. Using n-butanol and iso-propanol the palladium carbene catalysts lead to a considerable increase in the corresponding telomerization products compared to standard palladium/triphenylphosphine catalysts.
Bert M Weckhuysen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of a 4 4 biphenyl phosphine based cof for the heterogeneous pd catalysed Telomerisation of 1 3 butadiene
Catalysis Science & Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Peter J C Hausoul, R Klein J M Gebbink, Bert M Weckhuysen, Tamara M Eggenhuisen, Deepak Nand, Marc Baldus, Pieter C A BruijnincxAbstract:The improved synthesis, characterisation and application of a microporous 4,4′-biphenyl/phosphine-based covalent organic framework (COF) for the heterogeneous Pd-catalysed Telomerisation of 1,3-butadiene with phenol and glycerol are presented. The solid polyphosphine is amorphous, microporous and an excellent support for Pd(acac)2. Solid-state NMR and DRIFT analysis of materials of varying Pd-loading show that bis-phosphine complexes of palladium are preferably formed. Under solvent- and base-free conditions, high conversions and selectivities are obtained for this catalyst material with both phenol and glycerol as substrates. The product selectivity, with both butenylation and Telomerisation activity observed with phenol, can be tuned by variation of the metal loading. For glycerol it is shown that the selectivity to the undesired tri telomer is low under all applied conditions and, remarkably, that the heterogeneous catalyst outperforms its homogeneous PPh3-based counterpart.
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pd catalyzed telomerization of 1 3 dienes with multifunctional renewable substrates versatile routes for the valorization of biomass derived platform molecules
ChemInform, 2013Co-Authors: Pieter C A Bruijnincx, Peter J C Hausoul, R Klein J M Gebbink, Robin Jastrzebski, Bert M WeckhuysenAbstract:The dimerization of 1,3-dienes (e.g. butadiene) with the addition of a protic nucleophile (e.g. methanol) yields 2,7-octadienyl ethers in the so-called telomerization reaction. This reaction is most efficiently catalyzed by homogeneous palladium complexes. The field has experienced a renaissance in recent years as many of the platform molecules that can be renewably obtained from biomass are well-suited to act as multifunctional nucleophiles in this reaction. In addition, the process adheres to many of the principles of green chemistry, given that the reaction is 100% atom efficient and produces little waste. The telomerization reaction thus provides a versatile route for the production of valuable bulk and specialty chemicals that are (at least partly) green and renewable. The use of various multifunctional substrates that can be obtained from biomass is covered in this review, as well as mechanistic aspects of the telomerization reaction.
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pd tompp catalyzed telomerization of 1 3 butadiene from biomass based substrates to new mechanistic insights
ChemInform, 2013Co-Authors: Peter J C Hausoul, Pieter C A Bruijnincx, Bert M Weckhuysen, R Klein J M GebbinkAbstract:Studies aimed at synthesizing surfactants from biomass-based feedstocks using Pd-catalyzed telomerization of 1,3-butadiene resulted in the development of a highly active catalyst system. A ligand screening was performed, and Pd/tris(2-methoxyphenyl)phosphine (TOMPP) was identified as the most promising catalyst. A solvent- and base-free protocol was developed, which allows efficient and selective conversion of a wide variety of polyol substrates (e.g., glycerol, diols, carbohydrates, and sugar alcohols). In the case of hemi-acetal bearing sugars, catalyst deactivation was observed and mechanistic studies showed that extensive formation of ligand-derived phosphonium species depleted the amount of available ligand. Stoichiometric coordination reactions gave insight into the phosphine alkylation mechanism and demonstrated the reversibility of the observed reaction. A simple and effi- cient one-pot synthesis method was developed for the preparation of (Pd((1-3,7,8η)-(E)-octa- 2,7-dien-1-yl)(PR 3 )) + complexes, which are key reactive intermediates. Based on these stud- ies, an extended telomerization mechanism is proposed, which accounts for the formation of ligand-derived phosphonium species and the reversibility of reaction pathways.
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mechanistic study of the pd tompp catalyzed telomerization of 1 3 butadiene with biomass based alcohols on the reversibility of phosphine alkylation
Chemcatchem, 2011Co-Authors: Peter J C Hausoul, Andrei N Parvulescu, Pieter C A Bruijnincx, R Klein J M Gebbink, Martin Lutz, Anthony L Spek, Bert M WeckhuysenAbstract:Liquid-chromatography electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) studies on reaction mixtures of the telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with biomass-based polyols revealed that the TOMPP (TOMPP=tris(2-methoxyphenyl)phosphine) ligand is converted towards the corresponding (2,7-octadienyl)phosphonium species during catalysis. The extent of ligand alkylation is substrate dependent and was identified as the primary cause of deactivation for carbohydrate substrates with anomeric hydroxyl groups. Coordination studies of the phosphonium cation with [Pd(dba)2] (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) gave insight into the alkylation mechanism and showed that the formation of the phosphonium cation is fully reversible. The reaction yields the key cationic intermediate [Pd(1,2,3,7,8-η5-octa-2,7-dien-1-yl)(TOMPP)]+, which, in the presence of the iodide anion, results in the formation of [Pd(1,2,3-η3-octa-2,7-dien-1-yl)(I)(TOMPP)]. Both complexes were fully characterized by various techniques including single crystal X-ray crystallography. Based on these results, an extension to the Pd/TOMPP-catalyzed telomerization mechanism was formulated to include the 2,7-octadienylphosphonium cation as a ligand reservoir. Catalytic tests show that the use of [Pd(dba)2] as precatalyst improves the telomerization of glucose and xylose.
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telomerization of 1 3 butadiene with biomass derived alcohols over a heterogeneous pd tppts catalyst based on layered double hydroxides
ACS Catalysis, 2011Co-Authors: Andrei N Parvulescu, Peter J C Hausoul, Pieter C A Bruijnincx, Satu Korhonen, C Teodorescu, R Klein J M Gebbink, Bert M WeckhuysenAbstract:The telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with homogeneous palladium/phosphine catalysts is an efficient method to transform biomass-based oxygenates into useful fine and bulk chemicals, e.g. surfactants. Recovery and reuse of the expensive noble metal-based catalyst is highly desired for these systems and therefore a heterogeneous telomerization catalyst would be preferred. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) were investigated as supports for the heterogenization of the Pd/TPPTS (trisodium salt of 3, 3′,3′′-phosphanetriyl benzene sulfonic acid) telomerization catalyst. Turn over numbers (TONs) up to 1300 were obtained with heterogeneous (immobilized palladium and ligand) and pseudo-heterogeneous (immobilized ligand) catalysts in the telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol (MeOH) under solvent- and base-free conditions; TONs are comparable to those obtained with the homogeneous catalysts under similar conditions. Importantly, the LDH support was found to induce a change in product sel...
