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Pavlos S Kanaroglou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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topographic and spatial impacts of Temperature Inversions on air quality using mobile air pollution surveys
Science of The Total Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Julie Wallace, Denis Corr, Pavlos S KanaroglouAbstract:Abstract We investigated the spatial and topographic effects of Temperature Inversions on air quality in the industrial city of Hamilton, located at the western tip of Lake Ontario, Canada. The city is divided by a 90-m high topographic scarp, the Niagara Escarpment, and dissected by valleys which open towards Lake Ontario. Temperature Inversions occur frequently in the cooler seasons, exacerbating the impact of emissions from industry and traffic. This study used pollution data gathered from mobile monitoring surveys conducted over a 3-year period, to investigate whether the effects of the Inversions varied across the city. Temperature Inversions were identified with vertical Temperature data from a meteorological tower located within the study area. We divided the study area into an upper and lower zone separated by the Escarpment and further into six zones, based on location with respect to the Escarpment and industrial and residential areas, to explore variations across the city. The results identified clear differences in the responses of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to Temperature Inversions, based on the topographic and spatial criteria. We found that pollution levels increased as the inversion strengthened, in the lower city. However, the results also suggested that Temperature Inversions identified in the lower city were not necessarily experienced in the upper city with the same intensity. Further, pollution levels in the upper city appeared to decrease as the inversion deepened in the lower city, probably because of an associated change in prevailing wind direction and lower wind speeds, leading to decreased long-range transport of pollutants.
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atmospheric remote sensing to detect effects of Temperature Inversions on sputum cell counts in airway diseases
Environmental Research, 2010Co-Authors: Julie Wallace, Parameswaran Nair, Pavlos S KanaroglouAbstract:Abstract Temperature Inversions result in the accumulation of air pollution, often to levels exceeding air quality criteria. The respiratory response may be detectable in sputum cell counts. This study investigates the effect of boundary layer Temperature Inversions on sputum cell counts. Total and differential cell counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and lymphocytes were quantified in sputum samples of patients attending an outpatient clinic. Temperature Inversions were identified using data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, an atmospheric sensor on the Aqua spacecraft which was launched in 2002 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. On inversion days, a statistically significant increase in the percent of cells that were neutrophils was observed in stable patients. There was also a statistically significant increase in the percent of cells that were macrophages, in exacerbated patients. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between Temperature Inversions and cell counts, controlling patients’ age, smoking status, medications and meteorological variables of Temperature and humidity. The analyses indicate that, in the stable and exacerbated groups, percent neutrophils and macrophages increased by 12.6% and 2.5%, respectively, on inversion days. These results suggest that Temperature Inversions need consideration as an exacerbating factor in bronchitis and obstructive airway disease. The effects of air pollutants, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, fine particulate matter and ozone, were investigated. We identified no significant associations with any pollutant. However, we found that monthly averages of total cell counts were strongly correlated with monthly nitrogen dioxide concentrations, an association not previously identified in the literature.
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IGARSS - Human cellular response to Temperature Inversions detected by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2010Co-Authors: Julie Wallace, Parameswaran Nair, Pavlos S KanaroglouAbstract:Temperature Inversions cause restricted air flow, leading to a buildup of air pollution below the inversion cap. This accumulation often leads to levels exceeding air quality standards. Recent studies have shown that some types of inflammatory cells in the respiratory system respond to exposure to air pollution. The cellular response includes a statistically significant increase in the number of cells or the relative proportion of specific cells. We investigate whether these inflammatory cells exhibit a response on Temperature inversion days, when the air pollution levels are enhanced. We identify Temperature Inversions with vertical profiles from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). The study area is the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area, Ontario, Canada.
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the effect of Temperature Inversions on ground level nitrogen dioxide no2 and fine particulate matter pm2 5 using Temperature profiles from the atmospheric infrared sounder airs
Science of The Total Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Julie Wallace, Pavlos S KanaroglouAbstract:We investigate the effects of Temperature Inversions on the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere over the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area and environs in Ontario, Canada, for the period 2003 to 2007. Vertical Temperature profiles extracted from data acquired by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) were used to determine the occurrences of daytime and nighttime Temperature Inversions over the region. NO2 and PM2.5 data were obtained from three in situ air quality monitoring stations located in the study area. The results indicate increases of 49% and 54% in NO2 and PM2.5 respectively, during nighttime inversion episodes. Daytime Inversions resulted in an 11% increase in NO2 but a 14% decrease in PM2.5. Decreases occurred predominantly in the summer. We discuss these results and possible explanations for the reduced PM2.5 concentrations on inversion days. Weekday and seasonal analysis, with associated meteorological parameters are also discussed.
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the sensitivity of omi derived nitrogen dioxide to boundary layer Temperature Inversions
Atmospheric Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Julie Wallace, Pavlos S KanaroglouAbstract:Abstract We assess the sensitivity of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), to episodes of Temperature inversion in the lower boundary layer. Vertical Temperature data were obtained from a 91-m meteorological tower located in the study area, which is centered on the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area, Ontario, Canada. Hamilton is an industrial city with high traffic volumes, and is therefore subjected to high levels of pollution. Pollution buildup is amplified by frequent Temperature Inversions which are commonly radiative, but are also induced by local physiography, proximity to Lake Ontario, and regional meteorology. The four-year period from January 2005 to December 2008 was investigated. Ground-level data for validation were obtained from in situ air quality monitors located in the study area. The results indicate that OMI is sensitive to changes in the NO2 levels during Temperature Inversions, and exhibits changes which roughly parallel those of in situ monitors. Overall, an 11% increase in NO2 was identified by OMI on inversion days, compared to a 44% increase measured by in situ monitors. The weekend effect was clearly exhibited under both normal and inversion scenarios with OMI. Seasonal and wind direction patterns also correlated fairly well with ground-level data. Temperature Inversions have resulted in poor air quality episodes which have severely compromised the health of susceptible populations, sometime leading to premature death. The rationale for this study is to further assess the usefulness of OMI for population exposure studies in areas with sparse resources for ground-level monitoring.
Julie Wallace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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topographic and spatial impacts of Temperature Inversions on air quality using mobile air pollution surveys
Science of The Total Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Julie Wallace, Denis Corr, Pavlos S KanaroglouAbstract:Abstract We investigated the spatial and topographic effects of Temperature Inversions on air quality in the industrial city of Hamilton, located at the western tip of Lake Ontario, Canada. The city is divided by a 90-m high topographic scarp, the Niagara Escarpment, and dissected by valleys which open towards Lake Ontario. Temperature Inversions occur frequently in the cooler seasons, exacerbating the impact of emissions from industry and traffic. This study used pollution data gathered from mobile monitoring surveys conducted over a 3-year period, to investigate whether the effects of the Inversions varied across the city. Temperature Inversions were identified with vertical Temperature data from a meteorological tower located within the study area. We divided the study area into an upper and lower zone separated by the Escarpment and further into six zones, based on location with respect to the Escarpment and industrial and residential areas, to explore variations across the city. The results identified clear differences in the responses of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to Temperature Inversions, based on the topographic and spatial criteria. We found that pollution levels increased as the inversion strengthened, in the lower city. However, the results also suggested that Temperature Inversions identified in the lower city were not necessarily experienced in the upper city with the same intensity. Further, pollution levels in the upper city appeared to decrease as the inversion deepened in the lower city, probably because of an associated change in prevailing wind direction and lower wind speeds, leading to decreased long-range transport of pollutants.
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atmospheric remote sensing to detect effects of Temperature Inversions on sputum cell counts in airway diseases
Environmental Research, 2010Co-Authors: Julie Wallace, Parameswaran Nair, Pavlos S KanaroglouAbstract:Abstract Temperature Inversions result in the accumulation of air pollution, often to levels exceeding air quality criteria. The respiratory response may be detectable in sputum cell counts. This study investigates the effect of boundary layer Temperature Inversions on sputum cell counts. Total and differential cell counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and lymphocytes were quantified in sputum samples of patients attending an outpatient clinic. Temperature Inversions were identified using data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, an atmospheric sensor on the Aqua spacecraft which was launched in 2002 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. On inversion days, a statistically significant increase in the percent of cells that were neutrophils was observed in stable patients. There was also a statistically significant increase in the percent of cells that were macrophages, in exacerbated patients. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between Temperature Inversions and cell counts, controlling patients’ age, smoking status, medications and meteorological variables of Temperature and humidity. The analyses indicate that, in the stable and exacerbated groups, percent neutrophils and macrophages increased by 12.6% and 2.5%, respectively, on inversion days. These results suggest that Temperature Inversions need consideration as an exacerbating factor in bronchitis and obstructive airway disease. The effects of air pollutants, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, fine particulate matter and ozone, were investigated. We identified no significant associations with any pollutant. However, we found that monthly averages of total cell counts were strongly correlated with monthly nitrogen dioxide concentrations, an association not previously identified in the literature.
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Human cellular response to Temperature Inversions detected by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2010Co-Authors: Julie Wallace, Parameswaran Nair, Pavlos KanaroglouAbstract:Temperature Inversions cause restricted air flow, leading to a buildup of air pollution below the inversion cap. This accumulation often leads to levels exceeding air quality standards. Recent studies have shown that some types of inflammatory cells in the respiratory system respond to exposure to air pollution. The cellular response includes a statistically significant increase in the number of cells or the relative proportion of specific cells. We investigate whether these inflammatory cells exhibit a response on Temperature inversion days, when the air pollution levels are enhanced. We identify Temperature Inversions with vertical profiles from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). The study area is the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area, Ontario, Canada.
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IGARSS - Human cellular response to Temperature Inversions detected by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2010Co-Authors: Julie Wallace, Parameswaran Nair, Pavlos S KanaroglouAbstract:Temperature Inversions cause restricted air flow, leading to a buildup of air pollution below the inversion cap. This accumulation often leads to levels exceeding air quality standards. Recent studies have shown that some types of inflammatory cells in the respiratory system respond to exposure to air pollution. The cellular response includes a statistically significant increase in the number of cells or the relative proportion of specific cells. We investigate whether these inflammatory cells exhibit a response on Temperature inversion days, when the air pollution levels are enhanced. We identify Temperature Inversions with vertical profiles from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). The study area is the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area, Ontario, Canada.
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the effect of Temperature Inversions on ground level nitrogen dioxide no2 and fine particulate matter pm2 5 using Temperature profiles from the atmospheric infrared sounder airs
Science of The Total Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Julie Wallace, Pavlos S KanaroglouAbstract:We investigate the effects of Temperature Inversions on the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere over the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area and environs in Ontario, Canada, for the period 2003 to 2007. Vertical Temperature profiles extracted from data acquired by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) were used to determine the occurrences of daytime and nighttime Temperature Inversions over the region. NO2 and PM2.5 data were obtained from three in situ air quality monitoring stations located in the study area. The results indicate increases of 49% and 54% in NO2 and PM2.5 respectively, during nighttime inversion episodes. Daytime Inversions resulted in an 11% increase in NO2 but a 14% decrease in PM2.5. Decreases occurred predominantly in the summer. We discuss these results and possible explanations for the reduced PM2.5 concentrations on inversion days. Weekday and seasonal analysis, with associated meteorological parameters are also discussed.
Alain Hauchecorne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent observations of mesospheric Temperature Inversions
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997Co-Authors: Thierry Leblanc, Alain HauchecorneAbstract:The recent results of observed mesospheric Temperature Inversions are presented. Using two Rayleigh lidars (located in the south of France) and ISAMS (Improved Stratospheric And Mesospheric Sounder) and HALOE (Halogen Occultation Experiment) Temperature measurements from UARS, a new detailed climatology of the Inversions (occurring between 65 and 85 km of altitude) has been developed. A strong annual cycle is observed at midlatitudes, with a maximum during the winter months (monthly mean amplitude of 15 K observed by lidar at 44°N, 5°E). This annual cycle is also observed by ISAMS and HALOE for all longitudes, so that a midlatitude belt of strong Inversions forms during the southern and northern winters. In addition, a strong semiannual cycle is observed by ISAMS and HALOE at lower latitudes, with its maxima 1 month after the equinoxes. Both solstice and equinoctial events are the most significant observed signatures of the Inversions. The frequency of occurrence of the Inversions follows the same annual and semiannual cycles. The winter inversion events are located about 70 km of altitude, and the equinoctial events are located 5-10 km above, suggesting that different processes could be involved. The winter events observations are consistent with some of the proposed mechanisms, involving the breaking gravity waves, while no evidence of similar mechanisms was found for the equinoctial events.
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Recent observations of mesospheric Temperature Inversions
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997Co-Authors: Thierry Leblanc, Alain HauchecorneAbstract:The recent results of observed mesospheric Temperature Inversions are\npresented. Using two Rayleigh lidars (located in the south of France)\nand ISAMS (Improved Stratospheric And Mesospheric Sounder) and HALOE\n(Halogen Occultation Experiment) Temperature measurements from UARS, a\nnew detailed climatology of the Inversions (occurring between 65 and 85\nkm of altitude) has been developed. A strong annual cycle is observed at\nmidlatitudes, with a maximum during the winter-months (monthly mean\namplitude of 15 K observed by lidar at 44 degrees N, 5 degrees E). This\nannual cycle is also observed by ISAMS and HALOE for all longitudes, so\nthat a midlatitude belt of strong Inversions forms during the southern\nand northern winters. In addition, a strong semiannual cycle is observed\nby ISAMS and HALOE at lower latitudes, with its maxima 1 month after the\nequinoxes. Both solstice and equinoctial events are the most significant\nobserved signatures of the Inversions. The frequency of occurrence of\nthe Inversions follows the same annual and semiannual cycles. The winter\ninversion events are located about 70 km of altitude, and the\nequinoctial events are located 5-10 km above, suggesting that different\nprocesses could be involved. The winter events observations are\nconsistent with some of the proposed mechanisms, involving the breaking\ngravity waves, while no evidence of similar mechanisms was found for the\nequinoctial events.
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mesospheric Temperature Inversions as seen by isams in december 1991
Geophysical Research Letters, 1995Co-Authors: Thierry Leblanc, Alain Hauchecorne, M L Chanin, C D Rodgers, F W Taylor, Nathaniel LiveseyAbstract:A large number of mesospheric Temperature inversion layers have been observed locally in recent decades, notably by the network of French lidars. It is shown in this paper that the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite is able to detect the presence of Temperature Inversions, and thus allows the study of their occurrence and characteristics on a global scale. During December 1991, Inversions of large amplitude (greater than 20 K) are seen almost every day, especially in mid latitudes, with extent varying typically from 105 to 106 km². Several particularly large Inversions were observed at the end of the month. Their correlation with assimilated stratospheric winds is consistent with the interpretation that gravity waves propagate unfiltered through the stratosphere in the regions of strong winds, and break in the mesosphere. The combination of high resolution lidar measurements and global satellite coverage is expected to lead to a better understanding of this significant feature of the winter mesosphere at middle latitudes.
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The mechanism of formation of inversion layers in the mesosphere
Advances in Space Research, 1992Co-Authors: Alain Hauchecorne, Agn??s MaillardAbstract:Mesospheric Temperature profiles obtained by Rayleigh lidar in the south of France frequently show winter Temperature Inversions, with an amplitude up to 40K in a few km. A 2D dynamic model, developed to interpret these observations, showed that the mesospheric Inversions were mainly due to the vertical circulation induced by the breaking of gravity waves in the upper mesosphere. © 1992.
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a 2 d dynamical model of mesospheric Temperature Inversions in winter
Geophysical Research Letters, 1990Co-Authors: Alain Hauchecorne, Agn??s MaillardAbstract:A 2-D stratospheric and mesospheric dynamical model including drag and diffusion due to gravity wave breaking is used to simulate winter mesospheric Temperature Inversions similar to those observed by Rayleigh lidar. It is shown that adiabatic heating associated to descending velocities in the mesosphere is the main mechanism involved in the formation of such Inversions. Sensitivity tests are performed with the model and confirm this assumption. It is also explained why other previous similar studies with 2-D models did not show mesospheric inversion layers.
Hiromichi Ueno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decadal variation of Temperature Inversions along line p
Journal of Oceanography, 2013Co-Authors: Hiromichi UenoAbstract:Hydrographic data measured for 50 years along Line P between the North American west coast and mid Gulf of Alaska as well as data from profiling float observations were analyzed to study the formation and variation of Temperature Inversions in the eastern subarctic North Pacific. Remarkable decadal to inter-decadal variation was observed in the magnitude of Temperature Inversions. This variation was mostly attributed to the variation of southward Ekman transport, eastward geostrophic transport, and surface cooling.
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formation and variation of Temperature Inversions in the eastern subarctic north pacific
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Hiromichi Ueno, Toshio Suga, Hiroji Onishi, Dean RoemmichAbstract:[1] Hydrographic data from profiling float observations for 2001–2005 and from expendable bathythermograph observations for 1993–2005 were analyzed to study the formation and variation of Temperature Inversions (T-Inversions) in the eastern subarctic North Pacific (SNP). The formation and variation of T-Inversions differed significantly between the northern and southern regions of the eastern SNP. In the northern region, the Temperature minimum (T-min) at the top of T-Inversions outcropped to the sea surface and was cooled in the mixed layer nearly every winter. This process caused a seasonal cycle in the magnitude of T-Inversions (ΔT), with a maximum in winter. In the southern region, the winter T-min outcropped relatively infrequently and the ΔT did not exhibit a significant maximum in winter during most years. The T-min in the southern region was likely to outcrop upstream near the date line roughly one year earlier and was then advected to the southern region.
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Temperature Inversions in the subarctic north pacific
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2005Co-Authors: Hiromichi Ueno, Ichiro YasudaAbstract:Abstract Hydrographic data from the World Ocean Database 2001 and Argo profiling floats were analyzed to study Temperature Inversions in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean. The frequency distribution of Temperature Inversions [F(t-inv)] at a resolution of 1° (latitude) × 3° (longitude) was calculated. Temperature Inversions seldom occurred around 50°N in the eastern subarctic North Pacific but were more common in the northern Gulf of Alaska and the southeastern subarctic North Pacific (42°–48°N, 140°–170°W). Large Temperature Inversions occurred throughout the year in the western and central subarctic North Pacific (north of 42°N and west of 180°) except near the Aleutian and Kuril Islands. Near those islands, F(t-inv) was characterized by pronounced seasonal variations forced by surface heating/cooling and strong tidal mixing.
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seasonal and interannual variability of Temperature Inversions in the subarctic north pacific
Geophysical Research Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Hiromichi Ueno, Toshio Suga, Hiroji OnishiAbstract:[1] Hydrographic data from profiling floats obtained during 2001–2004 were analyzed to study seasonal and interannual variability of Temperature Inversions (T-invs) in the subarctic North Pacific (SNP). In the western SNP and Bering Sea, the Temperature minimum at the top of T-invs outcropped and was renewed every winter, causing a seasonal cycle in the magnitude of T-invs, with the maximum at the end of winter. In the Gulf of Alaska in the eastern SNP, the Temperature minimum outcropped in winters 2002 and 2004, but scarcely outcropped in winter 2003. Consequently, the magnitude of the T-invs showed remarkable interannual variation; its monotonic decrease through winter 2003 overwhelmed the seasonal cycle. The year-to-year variation of the magnitude of the T-invs in each region of the SNP was consistent with and thereby attributable to that of the winter sea surface Temperature anomaly there.
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distribution and formation of the mesothermal structure Temperature Inversions in the north pacific subarctic region
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2000Co-Authors: Hiromichi Ueno, Ichiro YasudaAbstract:The distribution and formation of mesothermal structure (Temperature Inversions) in the North Pacific subarctic region are investigated through analysis of climatological hydrographic data. It is suggested that the heat and salt that maintain the mesothermal water and thus the halocline in the density range of 26.7–27.2σθ are transported as a crossgyre flow from the transition domain just east of Japan, where the waters are influenced by the subtropical gyre water mass, to the eastern subarctic region. Along the transport route the isopycnal potential Temperature and thus salinity are well conserved. In the western subarctic gyre, the Bering Sea, and the northern Gulf of Alaska, the Temperature reaches its minimum at the surface in winter and the areal coverage agrees well with the distribution of the mesothermal structure. In the southeastern part of the zonally distributed mesothermal structure in the area of 170°E–150°W and 45°–50°N, where the winter sea surface Temperature is higher than that in the deeper layer, dichothermal water is formed by subsurface intrusion of the low-Temperature and low-salinity water that outcropped in the previous winter over the warm and saline water transported from the transition domain.
Ichiro Yasuda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temperature Inversions in the subarctic north pacific
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2005Co-Authors: Hiromichi Ueno, Ichiro YasudaAbstract:Abstract Hydrographic data from the World Ocean Database 2001 and Argo profiling floats were analyzed to study Temperature Inversions in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean. The frequency distribution of Temperature Inversions [F(t-inv)] at a resolution of 1° (latitude) × 3° (longitude) was calculated. Temperature Inversions seldom occurred around 50°N in the eastern subarctic North Pacific but were more common in the northern Gulf of Alaska and the southeastern subarctic North Pacific (42°–48°N, 140°–170°W). Large Temperature Inversions occurred throughout the year in the western and central subarctic North Pacific (north of 42°N and west of 180°) except near the Aleutian and Kuril Islands. Near those islands, F(t-inv) was characterized by pronounced seasonal variations forced by surface heating/cooling and strong tidal mixing.
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distribution and formation of the mesothermal structure Temperature Inversions in the north pacific subarctic region
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2000Co-Authors: Hiromichi Ueno, Ichiro YasudaAbstract:The distribution and formation of mesothermal structure (Temperature Inversions) in the North Pacific subarctic region are investigated through analysis of climatological hydrographic data. It is suggested that the heat and salt that maintain the mesothermal water and thus the halocline in the density range of 26.7–27.2σθ are transported as a crossgyre flow from the transition domain just east of Japan, where the waters are influenced by the subtropical gyre water mass, to the eastern subarctic region. Along the transport route the isopycnal potential Temperature and thus salinity are well conserved. In the western subarctic gyre, the Bering Sea, and the northern Gulf of Alaska, the Temperature reaches its minimum at the surface in winter and the areal coverage agrees well with the distribution of the mesothermal structure. In the southeastern part of the zonally distributed mesothermal structure in the area of 170°E–150°W and 45°–50°N, where the winter sea surface Temperature is higher than that in the deeper layer, dichothermal water is formed by subsurface intrusion of the low-Temperature and low-salinity water that outcropped in the previous winter over the warm and saline water transported from the transition domain.
