The Experts below are selected from a list of 10155 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robert H Logie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recalling visual serial order for verbal sequences
Memory & Cognition, 2016Co-Authors: Robert H Logie, Satoru Saito, Aiko Morita, Samarth Varma, Dennis NorrisAbstract:We report three experiments in which participants performed written serial recall of visually presented verbal sequences with items varying in visual similarity. In Experiments 1 and 2 native speakers of Japanese recalled visually presented Japanese Kanji characters. In Experiment 3 , native speakers of English recalled visually presented words. In all experiments, items varied in visual similarity and were controlled for phonological similarity. For Kanji and for English, performance on lists comprising visually similar items was overall poorer than for lists of visually distinct items across all serial positions. For mixed lists in which visually similar and visually distinct items alternated through the list, a clear “zig-zag” pattern appeared with better recall of the visually distinct items than for visually similar items. This is the first time that this zig-zag pattern has been shown for manipulations of visual similarity in serial-ordered recall. These data provide new evidence that retaining a sequence of visual codes relies on similar principles to those that govern the retention of a sequence of phonological codes. We further illustrate this by demonstrating that the data patterns can be readily simulated by at least one computational model of serial-ordered recall, the Primacy model (Page and Norris, Psychological Review, 105(4), 761–81, 1998 ). Together with previous evidence from neuropsychological studies and experimental studies with healthy adults, these results are interpreted as consistent with two domain-specific, limited-capacity, Temporary Memory systems for phonological material and for visual material, respectively, each of which uses similar processes that have evolved to be optimal for retention of serial order.
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the functional organization and capacity limits of working Memory
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2011Co-Authors: Robert H LogieAbstract:Working Memory refers to keeping track of ongoing mental processes and Temporary Memory. One hypothesis is that this form of Memory consists of multiple domain-specific components. Over four decades, experiments testing this hypothesis have yielded insight into cognitive changes from childhood to old age, selective cognitive impairments following brain damage, and on-line cognition in healthy adults. Advances in the understanding of working Memory also have arisen from the discovery of associations between individual differences in working-Memory capacity and a broad range of cognitive measures. These latter advances have often been interpreted as supporting the alternative hypothesis that working Memory consists of a single, limited-capacity domain-general system for control of attention. Here I outline recent developments in the multiple-component perspective that address challenges derived from the attention-based hypothesis and from multivariate studies of individual differences. I argue that the mult...
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working Memory the multiple component model
1999Co-Authors: Alan D Baddeley, Robert H LogieAbstract:FIVE CENTRAL FEATURES OF THE MODEL (1) According to our view, working Memory comprises multiple specialized components of cognition that allow humans to comprehend and mentally represent their immediate environment, to retain information about their immediate past experience, to support the acquisition of new knowledge, to solve problems, and to formulate, relate, and act on current goals. (2) These specialized components include both a supervisory system (the central executive) and specialized Temporary Memory systems, including a phonologically based store (the phonological loop) and a visuospatial store (the visuospatial sketchpad). (3) The two specialized, Temporary Memory systems are used to actively maintain Memory traces that overlap with those involved in perception via rehearsal mechanisms involved in speech production for the phonological loop and, possibly, preparations for action or image generation for the visuospatial sketchpad. (4) The central executive is involved in the control and regulation of the working Memory system. It is considered to play various executive functions, such as coordinating the two slave systems, focusing and switching attention, and activating representations within longterm Memory, but it is not involved in Temporary storage. The central executive in principle may not be a unitary construct, and this issue is a main focus of current research within this framework. (5) This model is derived empirically from studies of healthy adults and children and of brain-damaged individuals, using a range of experimental methodologies. The model offers a useful framework to account for a wide range of empirical findings on working Memory.
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visuo spatial working Memory
1994Co-Authors: Robert H LogieAbstract:Temporary Memory. Mental Representation. The Visual and the Spatial. Working Memory. Neuropsychology. Assumptions, Reconciliation and Theory Development.
Sandra Zilles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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incremental learning with Temporary Memory
Theoretical Computer Science, 2010Co-Authors: Sanjay Jain, Steffen Lange, Samuel E Moelius, Sandra ZillesAbstract:In the inductive inference framework of learning in the limit, a variation of the bounded example Memory (Bem) language learning model is considered. Intuitively, the new model constrains the learner's Memory not only in how much data may be stored, but also in how long those data may be stored without being refreshed. More specifically, the model requires that, if the learner commits an example x to Memory, and x is not presented to the learner again thereafter, then eventually the learner forgetsx, i.e., eventually x no longer appears in the learner's Memory. This model is called Temporary example Memory (Tem) learning. Many interesting results concerning the Tem-learning model are presented. For example, there exists a class of languages that can be identified by memorizing k+1 examples in the Tem sense, but that cannot be identified by memorizing k examples in the Bem sense. On the other hand, there exists a class of languages that can be identified by memorizing just one example in the Bem sense, but that cannot be identified by memorizing any number of examples in the Tem sense. Results are also presented concerning the special case of learning classes of infinite languages.
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learning with Temporary Memory
Algorithmic Learning Theory, 2008Co-Authors: Steffen Lange, Samuel E Moelius, Sandra ZillesAbstract:In the inductive inference framework of learning in the limit, a variation of the bounded example Memory (Bem) language learning model is considered. Intuitively, the new model constrains the learner's Memory not only in how muchdata may be retained, but also in how longthat data may be retained. More specifically, the model requires that, if a learner commits an example xto Memory in some stage of the learning process, then there is some subsequent stage for which xno longerappears in the learner's Memory. This model is called Temporary example Memory(Tem) learning. In some sense, it captures the idea that memories fade. Many interesting results concerning the Tem-learning model are presented. For example, there exists a class of languages that can be identified by memorizing k+ 1 examples in the Temsense, but that cannotbe identified by memorizing kexamples in the Bemsense. On the other hand, there exists a class of languages that can be identified by memorizing just1 examplein the Bemsense, but that cannotbe identified by memorizing any number of examplesin the Temsense. (The proof of this latter result involves an infinitary self-reference argument.) Results are also presented concerning the special cases of: learning indexableclasses of languages, and learning (arbitrary) classes of infinitelanguages.
Richard Pescatore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temporary Memory steal transient global amnesia secondary to nephrolithiasis
Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Muhammad Durrani, Jerry Milas, Gregory Parson, Richard PescatoreAbstract:Author(s): Durrani, Muhammad; Milas, Jerry; Parson, Gregory; Pescatore, Richard | Abstract: Transient global amnesia (TGA) is typified by an abrupt and transient anterograde amnesia, “with repetitive questioning and often variable retrograde amnesia persisting up to 24 hours.”1,2 A 54-year-old male presented to our emergency department with paroxysms of left-sided flank pain, suggestive of renal colic. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen/pelvis revealed a three-millimeter left ureterovesicular-junction calculus. Pain control proved difficult, necessitating multiple doses of opioid and non-opioid analgesia. Subsequently, the patient developed repetitive questioning and perseveration with anterograde amnesia with a negative CT brain and unremarkable further workup. He experienced a complete resolution of symptoms within a 24-hour period, with a discharge diagnosis of TGA secondary to nephrolithiasis. This is the third case of TGA attributed to nephrolithiasis in the medical literature.
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Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Nephrolithiasis
eScholarship Publishing University of California, 2018Co-Authors: Jerry Milas, Gregory Parson, Richard PescatoreAbstract:Transient global amnesia (TGA) is typified by an abrupt and transient anterograde amnesia, “with repetitive questioning and often variable retrograde amnesia persisting up to 24 hours.” A 54-year-old male presented to our emergency department with paroxysms of left-sided flank pain, suggestive of renal colic. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen/pelvis revealed a three-millimeter left ureterovesicular-junction calculus. Pain control proved difficult, necessitating multiple doses of opioid and non-opioid analgesia. Subsequently, the patient developed repetitive questioning and perseveration with anterograde amnesia with a negative CT brain and unremarkable further workup. He experienced a complete resolution of symptoms within a 24-hour period, with a discharge diagnosis of TGA secondary to nephrolithiasis. This is the third case of TGA attributed to nephrolithiasis in the medical literature
James L Mcgaugh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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amygdala or hippocampus inactivation after retrieval induces Temporary Memory deficit
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2006Co-Authors: Roberto A Pradoalcala, Miguel Diaz A Del Guante, M E Garinaguilar, Arnulfo Diaztrujillo, Gina L Quirarte, James L McgaughAbstract:The hypothesis that Memory is stored through a single stage of consolidation that results in a stable and lasting long-term Memory has been challenged by the proposition that reactivation of a Memory induces reconsolidation of the Memory. The reconsolidation hypothesis is supported by evidence that, under some conditions, post-retrieval treatments affecting amygdala and hippocampus functioning impair subsequent retention performance. We now report that repeated retention testing attenuates the performance impairment induced by post-retrieval reversible inactivation of the amygdala and hippocampus of rats induced by tetrodotoxin. These findings challenge the reconsolidation hypothesis and suggest that the post-retrieval retention performance impairment is best explained as due to Temporary retrieval failure.
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the hippocampus mediates glucocorticoid induced impairment of spatial Memory retrieval dependence on the basolateral amygdala
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003Co-Authors: Benno Roozendaal, Qyana K Griffith, Jason Buranday, Dominique J F De Quervain, James L McgaughAbstract:Previous studies have indicated that stress-activated glucocorticoid hormones induce Temporary Memory retrieval impairment. The present study examined whether adrenal steroid receptors in the hippocampus mediate such glucocorticoid effects on spatial Memory retrieval. The specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist 11beta, 17beta-dihydroxy-6,21-dimethyl-17alpha-pregna-4,6-trien-20yn-3-one (RU 28362; 5 or 15 ng) infused into the hippocampus of male Sprague-Dawley rats 60 min before water-maze retention testing, 24 h after training, dose-dependently impaired probe-trial retention performance, as assessed both by time spent in the training quadrant and initial latency to cross the platform location. The GR agonist did not affect circulating corticosterone levels immediately after the probe trial, indicating that RU 28362 infusions did not influence retention by altering glucocorticoid feedback mechanisms. As infusions of the GR agonist into the hippocampus 60 min before training did not influence water-maze acquisition or immediate recall, the findings indicated that the GR agonist-induced retention impairment was induced selectively by an influence on information retrieval. In contrast, pretest infusions of the GR agonist administered into the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA; 2 or 6 ng) did not alter retention performance in the water maze. However, N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced lesions of the BLA, made 1 week before training, blocked the Memory retrieval impairment induced by intrahippocampal infusions of RU 28362 given 60 min before the retention test. These findings indicate that the effects of glucocorticoids on retrieval of long-term spatial Memory depend on the hippocampus and, additionally, that neuronal input from the BLA is critical in enabling hippocampal glucocorticoid effects on Memory retrieval.
Stewart W. Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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zcs a zeroth level classifier system
Evolutionary Computation, 1994Co-Authors: Stewart W. WilsonAbstract:A basic classifier system, ZCS, is presented that keeps much of Holland's original framework but simplifies it to increase understandability and performance. ZCS's relation to Q-learning is brought out, and their performances compared in environments of two difficulty levels. Extensions to ZCS are proposed for Temporary Memory, better action selection, more efficient use of the genetic algorithm, and more general classifier representation.
