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Francis Eustache - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • self awareness in Transient Global Amnesia distinguishing the effects of Transient memory disorder vs pre existing vulnerability factors
    Neurocase, 2021
    Co-Authors: Celine Becquet, Francis Eustache, Fausto Viader, Peggy Quinette
    Abstract:

    Numerous evidences suggest the existence of relationships between the impairment of episodic memory, acute stress exposure and variations in self-awareness (SA). Here, we examined 27 patients presenting Transient Global Amnesia (TGA), a clinical condition which combines episodic Amnesia and high anxiety, thanks to state and trait questionnaires of SA. We observed variation of SA depending on the stage of TGA (acute, recovery and follow-up). We also found preexisting differences in patient's awareness of their own image when the precipitating event was physical, encouraging us to give more consideration to the social determinants of stress in physiological cascade of TGA.

  • psychopathological factors memory disorders and Transient Global Amnesia
    British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Audrey Noel, B Desgranges, V De La Sayette, Peggy Quinette, Berengere Guillerygirard, Fausto Viader, Jacques Dayan, Pascale Piolino, Sophie Marquis, Francis Eustache
    Abstract:

    Background Some studies have shown the presence of psychopathological disorders in Transient Global Amnesia. Aims To determine whether Transient Global Amnesia is associated with psychopathological disorders and to assess the influence of these psychopathological disorders on memory impairments. Method Levels of anxiety and depression before and during Transient Global Amnesia were rated. Memory performances were assessed by means of original episodic memory tasks and working memory tasks. These data were collected in 17 individuals observed during the very acute phase, 18 individuals examined in the peri-acute phase and 26 controls. Results During the acute phase, participants with Transient Global Amnesia displayed a higher level of anxiety and a more depressed mood than controls. An alteration of emotional state, as measured by the Adjective Mood Scale, was correlated with deficits in anterograde memory. Conclusions Transient Global Amnesia comprises sudden changes in people's emotional state, which has a major impact on and interacts with episodic memory impairment.

  • psychopathological factors memory disorders and Transient Global Amnesia
    British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Audrey Noel, B Desgranges, V De La Sayette, Peggy Quinette, Berengere Guillerygirard, Fausto Viader, Jacques Dayan, Pascale Piolino, Sophie Marquis, Francis Eustache
    Abstract:

    Background Some studies have shown the presence of psychopathological disorders in Transient Global Amnesia. Aims To determine whether Transient Global Amnesia is associated with psychopathological disorders and to assess the influence of these psychopathological disorders on memory impairments. Method Levels of anxiety and depression before and during Transient Global Amnesia were rated. Memory performances were assessed by means of original episodic memory tasks and working memory tasks. These data were collected in 17 individuals observed during the very acute phase, 18 individuals examined in the peri-acute phase and 26 controls. Results During the acute phase, participants with Transient Global Amnesia displayed a higher level of anxiety and a more depressed mood than controls. An alteration of emotional state, as measured by the Adjective Mood Scale, was correlated with deficits in anterograde memory.

  • the relationship between working memory and episodic memory disorders in Transient Global Amnesia
    Neuropsychologia, 2006
    Co-Authors: Peggy Quinette, B Desgranges, V De La Sayette, Berengere Guillerygirard, Audrey Noel, Fausto Viader, Francis Eustache
    Abstract:

    In a previous study, we investigated the relationship between the disorders of both episodic memory and working memory in the acute phase of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). Since executive functions were spared, another dysfunction may be responsible for the binding and maintenance of multimodal informations and contribute to the encoding disorders observed in some patients [Quinette, P., Guillery, B., Desgranges, B., de la Sayette, V., Viader, F., & Eustache, F. (2003). Working memory and executive functions in Transient Global Amnesia. Brain, 126, 1917–1934.]. The aim of this present study was to assess the functions of binding and maintenance of multimodal information during TGA and explore their involvement in episodic memory disorders. We therefore conducted a more thorough investigation of working memory in 16 new patients during the acute phase of TGA using two tasks designed to assess the binding process and both dimensions of the maintenance, namely the active storage and the memory load ability. We also investigated the nature of the episodic memory impairment in distinguishing between the performance of patients with preferential encoding deficits and those of patients with preferential storage disorders on the episodic memory task. This distinction was closely related to the severity of Amnesia, i.e. an encoding disorder was observed rather in the early phase of TGA. The results showed that while the functions of binding and maintenance of multimodal information were intact in patients with storage disorders, they were impaired in the case of encoding deficits. These results are interpreted in the recent framework of episodic buffer proposed by Baddeley [Baddeley, A. D. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 417–423] that represents an interface between working memory and episodic memory.

  • Transient Global Amnesia concomitant episodic memory and positron emission tomography assessment in two additional patients
    Neuroscience Letters, 2002
    Co-Authors: B Guillery, Francis Eustache, B Desgranges, V De La Sayette, Jeanclaude Baron, Brigitte Landeau
    Abstract:

    Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is characterized by a profound but Transient deficit of episodic memory. The study of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET) provides relevant pathophysiologic data, but only three patients have been reported so far and in only one was concomitant neuropsychological testing performed. We report here the concomitant neuropsychological and PET assessment of two additional patients. Episodic disturbance was characterized by a storage disturbance for one case and an incapacity to learn episodic associations in the other, illustrating cognitive heterogeneity despite similar neurological presentation. PET findings disclosed mild but significant changes in the amygdala (right or left) and left posterior hippocampus, which could account for both the storage disturbance and the inability to associate episodic components. The PET findings also argued in favor of a vascular disturbance accompanying TGA.

W Y Sheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • detection of intracranial venous reflux in patients of Transient Global Amnesia
    Neurology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Chihping Chung, Hungyi Hsu, Aching Chao, Feng Chi Chang, W Y Sheng
    Abstract:

    Background: The mechanism of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is not clear. Attempting to support the hypothesis that retrograde venous hypertension causing cerebral venous ischemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of TGA, the authors used cranial three-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) to detect a possible intracranial retrograde venous flow in TGA patients. Methods: The frequency of abnormal venous signals on cranial three-dimensional TOF MRA was compared in 10 TGA patients with the signals in 50 age- and gender-matched normal individuals. In TGA patients with abnormal venous signals, other examinations (cerebral digital subtraction angiography, upper extremity digital subtraction venography [DSV], and thoracic inlet MRI) were performed to elucidate the etiology of these abnormal intracranial venous flow patterns. Results: Abnormal venous signals on three-dimensional TOF MRA were found in five (50%) of the TGA patients and none of the control subjects (p Conclusions: Retrograde intracranial venous flow caused by left brachiocephalic vein occlusion was found only in patients with Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). This result suggests that TGA patients may have an underlying impairment of cerebral venous outflow that increases their vulnerability to TGA attack.

  • detection of intracranial venous reflux in patients of Transient Global Amnesia
    Neurology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Chihping Chung, Hungyi Hsu, Aching Chao, Feng Chi Chang, W Y Sheng
    Abstract:

    We read with interest the study by Chung et al.1 This study evaluated the role of intracranial venous reflux in the pathogenesis of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). It has largely demonstrated the crucial role of the venous system involvement in the pathogenesis of TGA.2 The relationship between TGA and venous-related precipitating factors, i.e., Valsalva maneuver and the discovery of internal jugular vein incompetence (IJVI)3 have further supported the venous congestion hypothesis. The present study confirms previous work but clarification is needed. Chung et al. found only left jugular vein reflux with TOF–MRA evaluation claiming that TGA pathogenesis is related to left retrograde intracranial venous flow. We agree that the relevance of the venous system in the pathogenesis of TGA was genuinely investigated in this work but we do not agree with the hypothesis that TGA should be only due to left venous system abnormalities. In a recent study, we evaluated IJVI by air-contrast ultrasound venography, demonstrating …

Sebastian F. Ameriso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Editorial Transient Global Amnesia, Cerebral Veins, and the Need to Find the ‘Smoking Gun’
    2016
    Co-Authors: Sebastian F. Ameriso, See Related Article
    Abstract:

    Now Thomas one of the Twelve, was not with thedisciples when Jesus came. So the other disciples told him, “We have seen the Lord!” But he said to them, “Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe. ” John 20:24–29. Several arguments have been proposed to reject a substan-tial role of alterations in venous drainage of the brain in the genesis of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). However, these criteria are not routinely applied in other common medical conditions. Studies examining cerebral veins do not demonstrate alter-ations in patients who have had an episode of TGA. Dislodgment of a clot from the left atrium and subsequent pass of the embolus through various cerebral vessels ending with occlusion of an intracranial artery is widely accepted a

  • Transient Global Amnesia cerebral veins and the need to find the smoking gun
    Stroke, 2012
    Co-Authors: Sebastian F. Ameriso, Marina Romano
    Abstract:

    See related article, p. 2289. > Now Thomas one of the Twelve, was not with the disciples when Jesus came. So the other disciples told him, “We have seen the Lord!” > > But he said to them, “Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe.” John 20:24–29. Several arguments have been proposed to reject a substantial role of alterations in venous drainage of the brain in the genesis of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). However, these criteria are not routinely applied in other common medical conditions. Studies examining cerebral veins do not demonstrate alterations in patients who have had an episode of TGA. Dislodgment of a clot from the left atrium and subsequent pass of the embolus through various cerebral vessels ending with occlusion of an intracranial artery is widely accepted …

  • internal jugular vein valve incompetence is highly prevalent in Transient Global Amnesia
    Stroke, 2010
    Co-Authors: Claudia Cejas, Lucia Fernandez Cisneros, Roberto Lagos, Carlos Zuk, Sebastian F. Ameriso
    Abstract:

    Background and Purpose— Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is the inability to retain new information and to recall past events during a period of minutes or hours. Its etiology is unclear, and flow disturbances in the mesial temporal lobes secondary to venous congestion have been proposed as a potential cause. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the internal jugular vein (IJV) has demonstrated valvular insufficiency in TGA. The prevalence of valvular insufficiency in the IJV in patients with TGA was assessed. Subjects without TGA of similar sex, age, and vascular risk factor profiles served as controls. Methods— A group of 142 patients with a clinical diagnosis of TGA within 7 days of the clinical event and 40 controls were prospectively evaluated. Venous Doppler examination of both IJVs was performed at baseline and after a manometer-controlled Valsalva maneuver. Valvular insufficiency was diagnosed when there was reflux for >0.8 seconds during the Valsalva maneuver. Results— Valve insufficiency was found in at ...

Chihping Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • obstruction of venous drainage linked to Transient Global Amnesia
    PLOS ONE, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ke Han, Chihping Chung, Hungyi Hsu, Aching Chao, Feng Chi Chang, Wenyung Sheng
    Abstract:

    Abnormal extracranial venous drainage modality has been considered an etiology of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). Evidence suggests that the transmission of the intrathoracic/intraabdominal pressure during a Valsalva maneuver (VM) is mainly through the vertebral venous system, and patency of internal jugular vein (IJV) is essential for venous drainage and pressure releasing. We hypothesize that obstruction of IJV venous drainage is a contributing factor in TGA pathogenesis. A magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol was used in 45 TGA patients and 45 age- and sex-matched controls to assess the morphologies of IJV, brachiocephalic vein (BCV) and asymmetry of transverse sinus (TS). The IJV was divided into the upper- and middle-IJV segments. Compared to the controls, TGA patients had significantly higher rates of moderate and severe compression/stenosis at the bilateral upper-IJV segment (left: 37.8% vs. 17.8%, P = 0.0393; right: 57.8% vs.15.6%, P<0.0012), in left BCV (60% vs. 8.9%, P<0.0004), and in TS hypoplasia (53.3%% vs. 31.1%, P = 0.0405). The prevalence of at least one site of venous compression/stenosis in IJV or BCV was significantly higher in patients than in controls (91.1% vs. 33.3%, P<0.0004). The diameter of the left TS in MRV, but not in T1 contrast imaging, was significantly smaller in TGA patients than in controls (0.31±0.21 vs. 0.41±0.19, P = 0.0290), which was compatible with downstream venous stenosis/obstruction. TGA patients have a higher prevalence of compression/stenosis of the bilateral IJV and the left BCV and TS hypoplasia, which is new evidence that supports the role of extracranial veins in TGA pathogenesis.

  • detection of intracranial venous reflux in patients of Transient Global Amnesia
    Neurology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Chihping Chung, Hungyi Hsu, Aching Chao, Feng Chi Chang, W Y Sheng
    Abstract:

    Background: The mechanism of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is not clear. Attempting to support the hypothesis that retrograde venous hypertension causing cerebral venous ischemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of TGA, the authors used cranial three-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) to detect a possible intracranial retrograde venous flow in TGA patients. Methods: The frequency of abnormal venous signals on cranial three-dimensional TOF MRA was compared in 10 TGA patients with the signals in 50 age- and gender-matched normal individuals. In TGA patients with abnormal venous signals, other examinations (cerebral digital subtraction angiography, upper extremity digital subtraction venography [DSV], and thoracic inlet MRI) were performed to elucidate the etiology of these abnormal intracranial venous flow patterns. Results: Abnormal venous signals on three-dimensional TOF MRA were found in five (50%) of the TGA patients and none of the control subjects (p Conclusions: Retrograde intracranial venous flow caused by left brachiocephalic vein occlusion was found only in patients with Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). This result suggests that TGA patients may have an underlying impairment of cerebral venous outflow that increases their vulnerability to TGA attack.

  • detection of intracranial venous reflux in patients of Transient Global Amnesia
    Neurology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Chihping Chung, Hungyi Hsu, Aching Chao, Feng Chi Chang, W Y Sheng
    Abstract:

    We read with interest the study by Chung et al.1 This study evaluated the role of intracranial venous reflux in the pathogenesis of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). It has largely demonstrated the crucial role of the venous system involvement in the pathogenesis of TGA.2 The relationship between TGA and venous-related precipitating factors, i.e., Valsalva maneuver and the discovery of internal jugular vein incompetence (IJVI)3 have further supported the venous congestion hypothesis. The present study confirms previous work but clarification is needed. Chung et al. found only left jugular vein reflux with TOF–MRA evaluation claiming that TGA pathogenesis is related to left retrograde intracranial venous flow. We agree that the relevance of the venous system in the pathogenesis of TGA was genuinely investigated in this work but we do not agree with the hypothesis that TGA should be only due to left venous system abnormalities. In a recent study, we evaluated IJVI by air-contrast ultrasound venography, demonstrating …

B Desgranges - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • psychopathological factors memory disorders and Transient Global Amnesia
    British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Audrey Noel, B Desgranges, V De La Sayette, Peggy Quinette, Berengere Guillerygirard, Fausto Viader, Jacques Dayan, Pascale Piolino, Sophie Marquis, Francis Eustache
    Abstract:

    Background Some studies have shown the presence of psychopathological disorders in Transient Global Amnesia. Aims To determine whether Transient Global Amnesia is associated with psychopathological disorders and to assess the influence of these psychopathological disorders on memory impairments. Method Levels of anxiety and depression before and during Transient Global Amnesia were rated. Memory performances were assessed by means of original episodic memory tasks and working memory tasks. These data were collected in 17 individuals observed during the very acute phase, 18 individuals examined in the peri-acute phase and 26 controls. Results During the acute phase, participants with Transient Global Amnesia displayed a higher level of anxiety and a more depressed mood than controls. An alteration of emotional state, as measured by the Adjective Mood Scale, was correlated with deficits in anterograde memory. Conclusions Transient Global Amnesia comprises sudden changes in people's emotional state, which has a major impact on and interacts with episodic memory impairment.

  • psychopathological factors memory disorders and Transient Global Amnesia
    British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Audrey Noel, B Desgranges, V De La Sayette, Peggy Quinette, Berengere Guillerygirard, Fausto Viader, Jacques Dayan, Pascale Piolino, Sophie Marquis, Francis Eustache
    Abstract:

    Background Some studies have shown the presence of psychopathological disorders in Transient Global Amnesia. Aims To determine whether Transient Global Amnesia is associated with psychopathological disorders and to assess the influence of these psychopathological disorders on memory impairments. Method Levels of anxiety and depression before and during Transient Global Amnesia were rated. Memory performances were assessed by means of original episodic memory tasks and working memory tasks. These data were collected in 17 individuals observed during the very acute phase, 18 individuals examined in the peri-acute phase and 26 controls. Results During the acute phase, participants with Transient Global Amnesia displayed a higher level of anxiety and a more depressed mood than controls. An alteration of emotional state, as measured by the Adjective Mood Scale, was correlated with deficits in anterograde memory.

  • the relationship between working memory and episodic memory disorders in Transient Global Amnesia
    Neuropsychologia, 2006
    Co-Authors: Peggy Quinette, B Desgranges, V De La Sayette, Berengere Guillerygirard, Audrey Noel, Fausto Viader, Francis Eustache
    Abstract:

    In a previous study, we investigated the relationship between the disorders of both episodic memory and working memory in the acute phase of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). Since executive functions were spared, another dysfunction may be responsible for the binding and maintenance of multimodal informations and contribute to the encoding disorders observed in some patients [Quinette, P., Guillery, B., Desgranges, B., de la Sayette, V., Viader, F., & Eustache, F. (2003). Working memory and executive functions in Transient Global Amnesia. Brain, 126, 1917–1934.]. The aim of this present study was to assess the functions of binding and maintenance of multimodal information during TGA and explore their involvement in episodic memory disorders. We therefore conducted a more thorough investigation of working memory in 16 new patients during the acute phase of TGA using two tasks designed to assess the binding process and both dimensions of the maintenance, namely the active storage and the memory load ability. We also investigated the nature of the episodic memory impairment in distinguishing between the performance of patients with preferential encoding deficits and those of patients with preferential storage disorders on the episodic memory task. This distinction was closely related to the severity of Amnesia, i.e. an encoding disorder was observed rather in the early phase of TGA. The results showed that while the functions of binding and maintenance of multimodal information were intact in patients with storage disorders, they were impaired in the case of encoding deficits. These results are interpreted in the recent framework of episodic buffer proposed by Baddeley [Baddeley, A. D. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 417–423] that represents an interface between working memory and episodic memory.

  • Transient Global Amnesia concomitant episodic memory and positron emission tomography assessment in two additional patients
    Neuroscience Letters, 2002
    Co-Authors: B Guillery, Francis Eustache, B Desgranges, V De La Sayette, Jeanclaude Baron, Brigitte Landeau
    Abstract:

    Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is characterized by a profound but Transient deficit of episodic memory. The study of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET) provides relevant pathophysiologic data, but only three patients have been reported so far and in only one was concomitant neuropsychological testing performed. We report here the concomitant neuropsychological and PET assessment of two additional patients. Episodic disturbance was characterized by a storage disturbance for one case and an incapacity to learn episodic associations in the other, illustrating cognitive heterogeneity despite similar neurological presentation. PET findings disclosed mild but significant changes in the amygdala (right or left) and left posterior hippocampus, which could account for both the storage disturbance and the inability to associate episodic components. The PET findings also argued in favor of a vascular disturbance accompanying TGA.

  • Transient Global Amnesia implicit explicit memory dissociation and pet assessment of brain perfusion and oxygen metabolism in the acute stage
    Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1997
    Co-Authors: Francis Eustache, B Desgranges, M C Petittaboue, V De La Sayette, V Piot, C Sable, Gilles Marchal, Jeanclaude Baron
    Abstract:

    Objectives—To assess explicit memory and two components of implicit memory—that is, perceptual-verbal skill learning and lexical-semantic priming eVects—as well as resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) during the acute phase of Transient Global Amnesia. Methods—In a 59 year old woman, whose amnestic episode fulfilled all current criteria for Transient Global Amnesia, a neuropsychological protocol was administered, including word learning, story recall, categorical fluency, mirror reading, and word stem completion tasks. PET was performed using the 15 O steady state inhalation method, while the patient still exhibited severe anterograde Amnesia and was interleaved with the cognitive tests. Results—There was a clear cut dissociation between impaired long term episodic memory and preserved implicit memory for its two components. Categorical fluency was significantly altered, suggesting word retrieval strategy—rather than semantic memory—impairment. The PET study disclosed a reduced CMRO2 with relatively or fully preserved CBF in the left prefrontotemporal cortex and lentiform nucleus,and the reverse pattern over the left occipital cortex. Conclusions—The PET alterations with patchy CBF-CMRO2 uncoupling would be compatible with a migraine-like phenomenon and indicate that the isolated assessment of perfusion in Transient Global Amnesia may be misleading. The pattern of metabolic depression, with sparing of the hippocampal area, is one among the distinct patterns of brain dysfunction that underlie the (apparently) uniform clinical presentation of Transient Global Amnesia. The finding of a left prefrontal hypometabolism in the face of impaired episodic memory and altered verbal fluency would fit present day concepts from PET activation studies about the role of this area in episodic and semantic memory encoding/ retrieval. Likewise, the changes aVecting the lenticular nucleus but sparing the caudate would be consistent with the normal performance in perceptual-verbal skill learning. Finally, unaltered lexicalsemantic priming eVects,despite left temporal cortex hypometabolism, suggest that these processes are subserved by a more distributed neocortical network. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;63:357‐367)