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Syed S. Islam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A protein containing glucan from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces microcarpus (var).
Natural Product Communications, 2020Co-Authors: Krishnendu Chandra, Kaushik Ghosh, Arnab K. Ojha, Syed S. IslamAbstract:A water-soluble protein containing glucan was isolated from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces microcarpus (var). It was found to contain 55% of carbohydrate and 40% of protein. The protein part was ...
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isolation and characterization of the immunostimulating β glucans of an edible mushroom Termitomyces robustus var
Carbohydrate Research, 2012Co-Authors: Sunil K Bhanja, Soumitra Mondal, Chanchal K Nandan, Soumitra Mandal, Bibhas K Bhunia, Tapas K Maiti, Syed S. IslamAbstract:Abstract Two immunostimulating β-glucans, PS-I (water soluble) and PS-II (water insoluble) isolated from hot water extract of the fruiting bodies of an edible mushroom Termitomyces robustus var. showed significant macrophage, splenocyte, and thymocyte activation. On the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, DEPT-135, HSQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharides is established as: Download : Download full-size image
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chemical analysis of a new fucoglucan isolated from an edible mushroom Termitomyces robustus
Carbohydrate Research, 2008Co-Authors: Subhas Mondal, Krishnendu Chandra, Kaushik Ghosh, Arnab K. Ojha, Debabrata Maiti, Indranil Chakarborty, Syed S. IslamAbstract:A water-soluble fucoglucan, isolated from alkali-treated edible mushroom, Termitomyces robustus, consists of l-fucose and d-glucose in a molar proportion of 1:4. Structural investigation of the polysaccharide was carried out by using total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and periodate oxidation followed by GLC–MS, and the final structure was determined using NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC). On the basis of the above experiments it is concluded that the following repeating unit is present in the polysaccharide: Figure options Download full-size image Download as PowerPoint slide
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a water soluble glucan isolated from an edible mushroom Termitomyces microcarpus
Carbohydrate Research, 2007Co-Authors: Krishnendu Chandra, Kaushik Ghosh, Arnab K. Ojha, Subhas Mondal, Debabrata Maiti, Soumitra Mondal, Syed S. IslamAbstract:Abstract A water-soluble glucan was isolated from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces microcarpus. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and NMR studies (1H, 13C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY and HSQC), the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is established as →4)-α- d -Glcp-(1→3)-β- d -Glcp-(1→
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a water insoluble 1 3 β d glucan from the alkaline extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces eurhizus
Carbohydrate Research, 2006Co-Authors: Indranil Chakraborty, Soumitra Mondal, Dilip Rout, Syed S. IslamAbstract:Abstract A water-insoluble glucan, TEINS has been isolated from the hot alkaline extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces eurhizus . The total carbohydrate content of the polysaccharide fraction was found to be 98.4%, and it was found to contain only glucose as the monosaccharide constituent. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, a methylation experiment, periodate oxidation and 13 C NMR experiment, the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: → 3 ) - β - D -Glc p - ( 1 →
Duur K Aanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high diversity and low host specificity of Termitomyces symbionts cultivated by microtermes spp indicate frequent symbiont exchange
Fungal Ecology, 2020Co-Authors: Lennart J J Van De Peppel, Duur K AanenAbstract:Abstract Fungus-growing termites (subfamily Macrotermitinae) live in an obligate mutualistic symbiosis with species of the fungal genus Termitomyces (Basidiomycota). Although the species that build large mounds are the most conspicuous, termites of the genus Microtermes construct large underground networks of tunnels connecting many fungus gardens. They are also the only entire genus within the Macrotermitinae in which vertical transmission of the fungal symbiont has evolved. To study patterns of genetic diversity in species of the genus Microtermes and their Termitomyces symbionts, we sampled at three different locations in South Africa and sequenced COI for the termites and ITS for the fungi. We discovered high genetic diversity in both termites and fungal symbionts but very low interaction specificity. This implies that frequent horizontal exchange of fungal symbionts occurs between species, despite vertical transmission across generations. We also estimated colony size based on termite haplotype and fungal genotype combinations and found indications that colonies may extend over large areas.
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enrichment of g4dna and a large inverted repeat coincide in the mitochondrial genomes of Termitomyces
Genome Biology and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Mathijs Nieuwenhuis, Lennart J J Van De Peppel, Freek T Bakker, Bas J Zwaan, Duur K AanenAbstract:Mitochondria retain their own genome, a hallmark of their bacterial ancestry. Mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) are highly diverse in size, shape, and structure, despite their conserved function across most eukaryotes. Exploring extreme cases of mtDNA architecture can yield important information on fundamental aspects of genome biology. We discovered that the mitochondrial genomes of a basidiomycete fungus (Termitomyces spp.) contain an inverted repeat (IR), a duplicated region half the size of the complete genome. In addition, we found an abundance of sequences capable of forming G-quadruplexes (G4DNA); structures that can disrupt the double helical formation of DNA. G4DNA is implicated in replication fork stalling, double-stranded breaks, altered gene expression, recombination, and other effects. To determine whether this occurrence of IR and G4DNA was correlated within the genus Termitomyces, we reconstructed the mitochondrial genomes of 11 additional species including representatives of several closely related genera. We show that the mtDNA of all sampled species of Termitomyces and its sister group, represented by the species Tephrocybe rancida and Blastosporella zonata, are characterized by a large IR and enrichment of G4DNA. To determine whether high mitochondrial G4DNA content is common in fungi, we conducted the first broad survey of G4DNA content in fungal mtDNA, revealing it to be a highly variable trait. The results of this study provide important direction for future research on the function and evolution of G4DNA and organellar IRs.
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the scope for nuclear selection within Termitomyces fungi associated with fungus growing termites is limited
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Bertha Koopmanschap, Tânia Nobre, J J P Baars, A S M Sonnenberg, Duur K AanenAbstract:Background We investigate the scope for selection at the level of nuclei within fungal individuals (mycelia) of the mutualistic Termitomyces cultivated by fungus-growing termites. Whereas in most basidiomycete fungi the number and kind of nuclei is strictly regulated to be two per cell, in Termitomyces mycelia the number of nuclei per cell is highly variable. We hypothesised that natural selection on these fungi not only occurs between mycelia, but also at the level of nuclei within the mycelium. We test this hypothesis using in vitro tests with five nuclear haplotypes of a Termitomyces species.
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pseudoxylaria as stowaway of the fungus growing termite nest interaction asymmetry between pseudoxylaria Termitomyces and free living relatives
Fungal Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: Anna A Visser, Pepijn W Kooij, Alfons J M Debets, Thomas W Kuyper, Duur K AanenAbstract:Though inconspicuous in healthy nests, Pseudoxylaria species are almost always present and overgrow deteriorating fungus-growing termite gardens. Whether these fungi are detrimental to the fungus-garden, benign, or even beneficial is unclear. We hypothesize that Pseudoxylaria is a stowaway that practices a sit-and-wait strategy to survive in the termite nest. Using isolates from three different termite genera to test our hypothesis, we compared Pseudoxylaria’s growth on 40 carbon sources with that of Termitomyces and tested its interaction with Termitomyces. The C-source use of both fungi largely overlapped, indicating potential for competition. One-to-one interactions between Pseudoxylaria, Termitomyces and free-living relatives showed that Pseudoxylaria and Termitomyces strains interacted differently with each other than with each other’s free-living relatives. Both fungi grew less together than when growing alone, confirming that they compete. Pseudoxylaria was more strongly inhibited by Termitomyces than free-living Xylariaceae were. The results suggest that the symbiotic lifestyle adopted by Pseudoxylaria goes together with reduced antagonism towards Termitomyces, consistent with Pseudoxylaria being a stowaway.
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farming termites determine the genetic population structure of Termitomyces fungal symbionts
Molecular Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: Tânia Nobre, Cecilia Fernandes, Jacobus J Boomsma, Judith Korb, Duur K AanenAbstract:Symbiotic interactions between macrotermitine termites and their fungal symbionts have a moderate degree of specificity. Consistent with horizontal symbiont transmission, host switching has been frequent over evolutionary time so that single termite species can often be associated with several fungal symbionts. However, even in the few termite lineages that secondarily adopted vertical symbiont transmission, the fungal symbionts are not monophyletic. We addressed this paradox by studying differential transmission of fungal symbionts by alate male and female reproductives, and the genetic population structure of Termitomyces fungus gardens across 74 colonies of Macrotermes bellicosus in four west and central African countries. We confirm earlier, more limited, studies showing that the Termitomyces symbionts of M. bellicosus are normally transmitted vertically and clonally by dispersing males. We also document that the symbionts associated with this termite species belong to three main lineages that do not constitute a monophyletic group. The most common lineage occurs over the entire geographical region that we studied, including west, central and southern Africa, where it is also associated with the alternative termite hosts Macrotermes subhyalinus and Macrotermes natalensis. While Termitomyces associated with these alternative hosts are horizontally transmitted and recombine freely, the genetic population structure of the same Termitomyces associated with M. bellicosus is consistent with predominantly clonal reproduction and only occasional recombination. This implies that the genetic population structure of Termitomyces is controlled by the termite host and not by the Termitomyces symbiont.
Soumitra Mondal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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isolation and characterization of the immunostimulating β glucans of an edible mushroom Termitomyces robustus var
Carbohydrate Research, 2012Co-Authors: Sunil K Bhanja, Soumitra Mondal, Chanchal K Nandan, Soumitra Mandal, Bibhas K Bhunia, Tapas K Maiti, Syed S. IslamAbstract:Abstract Two immunostimulating β-glucans, PS-I (water soluble) and PS-II (water insoluble) isolated from hot water extract of the fruiting bodies of an edible mushroom Termitomyces robustus var. showed significant macrophage, splenocyte, and thymocyte activation. On the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, DEPT-135, HSQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharides is established as: Download : Download full-size image
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a water soluble glucan isolated from an edible mushroom Termitomyces microcarpus
Carbohydrate Research, 2007Co-Authors: Krishnendu Chandra, Kaushik Ghosh, Arnab K. Ojha, Subhas Mondal, Debabrata Maiti, Soumitra Mondal, Syed S. IslamAbstract:Abstract A water-soluble glucan was isolated from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces microcarpus. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and NMR studies (1H, 13C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY and HSQC), the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is established as →4)-α- d -Glcp-(1→3)-β- d -Glcp-(1→
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a water insoluble 1 3 β d glucan from the alkaline extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces eurhizus
Carbohydrate Research, 2006Co-Authors: Indranil Chakraborty, Soumitra Mondal, Dilip Rout, Syed S. IslamAbstract:Abstract A water-insoluble glucan, TEINS has been isolated from the hot alkaline extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces eurhizus . The total carbohydrate content of the polysaccharide fraction was found to be 98.4%, and it was found to contain only glucose as the monosaccharide constituent. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, a methylation experiment, periodate oxidation and 13 C NMR experiment, the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: → 3 ) - β - D -Glc p - ( 1 →
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isolation and structural elucidation of a water soluble polysaccharide ps i of a wild edible mushroom Termitomyces striatus
Carbohydrate Research, 2006Co-Authors: Soumitra Mondal, Indranil Chakraborty, Dilip Rout, Syed S. IslamAbstract:Abstract A heteropolysaccharide (PS-I), isolated from the hot aqueous extract of an edible mushroom, Termitomyces striatus, is composed of d -glucose, d -galactose, d -mannose and l -fucose in a molar ratio 2:1:1:1. Structural investigation of the native as well as the Smith-degraded polysaccharide was carried out using methylation analysis, periodate oxidation studies and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is established as follows:
Krishnendu Chandra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A protein containing glucan from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces microcarpus (var).
Natural Product Communications, 2020Co-Authors: Krishnendu Chandra, Kaushik Ghosh, Arnab K. Ojha, Syed S. IslamAbstract:A water-soluble protein containing glucan was isolated from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces microcarpus (var). It was found to contain 55% of carbohydrate and 40% of protein. The protein part was ...
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chemical analysis of a new fucoglucan isolated from an edible mushroom Termitomyces robustus
Carbohydrate Research, 2008Co-Authors: Subhas Mondal, Krishnendu Chandra, Kaushik Ghosh, Arnab K. Ojha, Debabrata Maiti, Indranil Chakarborty, Syed S. IslamAbstract:A water-soluble fucoglucan, isolated from alkali-treated edible mushroom, Termitomyces robustus, consists of l-fucose and d-glucose in a molar proportion of 1:4. Structural investigation of the polysaccharide was carried out by using total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and periodate oxidation followed by GLC–MS, and the final structure was determined using NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC). On the basis of the above experiments it is concluded that the following repeating unit is present in the polysaccharide: Figure options Download full-size image Download as PowerPoint slide
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a water soluble glucan isolated from an edible mushroom Termitomyces microcarpus
Carbohydrate Research, 2007Co-Authors: Krishnendu Chandra, Kaushik Ghosh, Arnab K. Ojha, Subhas Mondal, Debabrata Maiti, Soumitra Mondal, Syed S. IslamAbstract:Abstract A water-soluble glucan was isolated from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces microcarpus. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and NMR studies (1H, 13C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY and HSQC), the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is established as →4)-α- d -Glcp-(1→3)-β- d -Glcp-(1→
Vishnu S. Nadkarni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Purification and characterisation of a sulphur rich melanin from edible mushroom Termitomyces albuminosus Heim
Mycology, 2018Co-Authors: Rosy Agnes De Souza, Nandkumar Kamat, Vishnu S. NadkarniAbstract:ABSTRACTProduction, purification and characterisation of a black pigment from Termitomyces albuminosus as melanin is reported, for the first time, from shaken submerged culture condition using scan...
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purification and characterisation of a sulphur rich melanin from edible mushroom Termitomyces albuminosus heim
Mycology, 2018Co-Authors: Rosy Agnes De Souza, Nandkumar Kamat, Vishnu S. NadkarniAbstract:Production, purification and characterisation of a black pigment from Termitomyces albuminosus as melanin is reported, for the first time, from shaken submerged culture condition using scanning ele...
