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José Paulo Leite Guadanucci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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taxonomy and phylogenetics of tmesiphantes simon 1892 araneae Theraphosidae
Systematics and Biodiversity, 2019Co-Authors: Willian Fabianodasilva, José Paulo Leite Guadanucci, Marcio Bernardino DasilvaAbstract:The tarantula genus Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 (Theraphosinae) includes nine valid species, with records for the states of Bahia (T. nubilus, T. caymmii, T. amadoi, T. bethaniae, T. hypogeus, and T. ...
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Comparative morphology of stridulating setae of Theraphosinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae)
Zoologischer Anzeiger, 2019Co-Authors: Arthur Galleti-lima, José Paulo Leite GuadanucciAbstract:Abstract Theraphosid spiders are repleted with cuticular structures that evolved into distinct morphologies and developed different functions. The stridulatory apparatus present in the subfamily Theraphosinae is composed by a group of setae and opposed organs (ridged surface) that emit sound through friction. Only sixteen genera of Theraphosinae spiders were reported with stridulatory setae: Acanthoscurria, Aguapanela, Brachypelma, Citharacanthus, Cyrtopholis, Grammostola, Hemirrhagus, Lasiodora, Longilyra, Nhandu, Theraphosa, Pamphobeteus, Phormictopus, Proshapalopus, Pterinopelma and Vitalius. Besides these stridulating setae, other cuticular structures have been traditionally used in Theraphosinae taxonomy: the plumose scopula on the lateral faces of femora I and IV. However, the ultrastructure of these setae and scopulae was never studied in detail. Here, we analyzed the diversity of cuticular structures on coxae, trochanters and femora of Theraphosinae spiders using SEM. Beside the description of plumose and claviform stridulating setae on femora, we established five distinct variations of stridulatory setae found on coxae and trochanters and report their presence for the genus Megaphobema, Crassicrus and Cotztetlana for the first time.
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morphology of setae on the coxae and trochanters of theraphosine spiders mygalomorphae Theraphosidae
Journal of Arachnology, 2018Co-Authors: Arthur Galleti Lima, José Paulo Leite GuadanucciAbstract:Mygalomorphae spiders have several cuticular structures, such as stridulating, sensory and urticating setae, which offer great potential for phylogenetic studies. Spiders of the subfamily Theraphosinae have stridulating setae that aid in group taxonomy, having been found in numerous genera including: Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871, Aguapanela Perafan, Cifuentes & Estrada-Gomez, 2015, Citharacanthus Pocock, 1901, Cyrtopholis Simon, 1892, Grammostola Simon, 1892, Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903, Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850, Longilyra Gabriel, 2014, Pamphobeteus Pocock, 1901, Phormictopus Pocock, 1901 and Theraphosa Thorell, 1870. Some distinct bristle-like setae were examined using scanning electron microscopy with the following objectives: (1) to sample and describe the diversity of setae on the coxae and trochanters of representatives of the subfamily Theraphosinae; and (2) to code morphological characters useful for phylogenetics. We used a previously published phylogenetic matrix, with modifications to those characters that scored stridulatory setae, and analyzed these data using parsimony with implied weighting. Setae of the same type were found in Acanthoscurria, Brachypelma Simon, 1891, Cyrtopholis, Phormictopus and Theraphosa (claviform stridulating setae). A second type, which we name velvet stridulating setae, emerged as an autapomorphy of the genus Lasiodora, and spiniform stridulating setae were recovered as an autapomorphy of the genus Pamphobeteus. Some other setae similar to those of Lasiodora, named plumose stridulating setae, were found in Nhandu Lucas, 1983, Proshapalopus Mello-Leitao, 1923, Pterinopelma Pocock, 1901 and Vitalius Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1993.
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description of neoholothele gen nov araneae Theraphosidae schismatothelinae
Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 2015Co-Authors: José Paulo Leite Guadanucci, Dirk WeinmannAbstract:The new genus Neoholothele is herein described based on the results of a recent phylogenetic analysis. This phylogeny, which included representatives of all Theraphosidae subfamilies, showed that the genus Holothele, as hitherto defined, does not comprise a monophyletic group. Neoholothele gen. nov. is diagnosed by the following features: males and females with dark carapace and golden cephalic region; females with striped color pattern on the abdomen dorsum and long and slender spermathecae receptacula; males with retrolateral branch of male tibial spur with apical end wider than proximal end (synapomorphy), with two apical spines. It comprises two species: N. incei (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) comb. nov. and N. fasciaaurinigra sp. nov., both from northern South America.
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Theraphosidae phylogeny relationships of the ischnocolinae genera araneae mygalomorphae
Zoologica Scripta, 2014Co-Authors: José Paulo Leite GuadanucciAbstract:The mygalomorph spider subfamily ‘Ischnocolinae’ was originally established as a group based on the presence of divided tarsal scopula. Later, the divided condition of the scopula was considered the plesiomorphic state, which could not support the monophyly of ‘Ischnocolinae’. In Raven 1985, the subfamily was considered paraphyletic, pending a phylogenetic analysis to reinvestigate monophyletic groups. This study comprises such a phylogenetic analysis, based on morphological data, that includes representatives of all genera currently included in ‘Ischnocolinae’ as well as representatives of all other nine Theraphosidae subfamilies (Thrigmopoeinae, Ornithoctoninae, Eumenophorinae, Stromatopelminae, Harpactirinae, Selenogyrinae, Theraphosinae, Aviculariinae and Selenocosmiinae). The family Theraphosidae is considered monophyletic and expanded to include three additional genera previously considered as possible Barychelidae, namely Brachionopus (as Harpactirinae), Trichopelma and Reichlingia (as Ischnocolinae sensu stricto) while ‘Ischnocolinae’ as previously defined does not appear as monophyletic. However, two monophyletic groups were defined as subfamilies to include some former ‘Ischnocolinae’ representatives. The first group includes Acanthopelma rufescens, Trichopelma nitidum, Reichlingia annae, Ischnocolus spp., Holothele rondoni, Holothele culebrae and Holothele aff culebrae and is hereby named as Ischnocolinae (sensu stricto). The other subgroup comprises Sickius longibulbi, Holothele incei, Holothele aff incei, Guyruita spp., Schismatothele lineata, Hemiercus modestus, Holothele colonica and Holothele sp., together established as Schismatothelinae subfam. nov. Several genera included in former ‘Ischnocolinae’ appear as monophyletic (Catumiri, Oligoxystre, Heterothele, Nesiergus, Chaetopelma, Ischnocolus, Guyruita and Plesiophrictus). However, the genera Holothele, Schismatothele and Hemiercus deserve more attention in order to evaluate their intrarelationships and inclusion of species.
Fernando Perezmiles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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re evaluating conservation priorities of new world tarantulas araneae Theraphosidae in a molecular framework indicates non monophyly of the genera aphonopelma and brachypelma
Systematics and Biodiversity, 2018Co-Authors: Steven P Turner, Ray Gabriel, Stuart J Longhorn, Chris A Hamilton, Fernando Perezmiles, Alfried P VoglerAbstract:We present a mtDNA gene tree of tarantula spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) based on the mitochondrial 16S-tRNA (leu)-ND1 gene region as a promising initial molecular hypothesis to clarify the taxonomy of the largest subfamily, Theraphosinae. Many species of this New World subfamily are traded widely as exotic pets, yet few scientific studies on them exist, and the robustness of many supposed taxonomic groupings is debatable. Yet the validity of taxon names and knowledge of their distinctiveness is vital for trade regulation, most notably for the Neotropical genus Brachypelma Simon 1891, which is listed under CITES (Appendix II, see online supplemental material, which is available from the article's Taylor & Francis Online page at https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2017.1346719). The use of molecular markers for tarantula taxonomy has been limited until recently, with most previous studies relying on morphological methods. Our findings, from newly collected molecular data, have several nomencl...
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a new genus of theraphosid spider from mexico with a particular palpal bulb structure araneae Theraphosidae theraphosinae
European journal of taxonomy, 2016Co-Authors: Jorge Mendoza, Radan Kaderka, Arturo Locht, Francisco Medina, Fernando PerezmilesAbstract:Magnacarina gen. nov. from Mexico is described. Hapalopus aldanus West, 2000 from Nayarit, is transferred to the new genus with an emended diagnosis creating the new combination Magnacarina aldana comb. nov. Three new species are described: Magnacarina moderata Locht, Mendoza & Medina sp. nov. from Nayarit and Sinaloa; Magnacarina primaverensis Mendoza & Locht sp. nov. and Magnacarina cancer Mendoza & Locht sp. nov., both from Jalisco. Magnacarina gen. nov. is characterized by an unusual bifid palpal bulb, and has a primary projection located in the central area of the palpal bulb and directed retrolaterally; this projection possesses the prolateral superior and retrolateral keels. Next to the primary projection is a secondary projection, which may be short or long, ending in the prolateral inferior and apical keel surrounding the sperm pore. This secondary projection may have prolateral accessory keels and is diagnosed by possessing a nodule of inwardly curled megaspines, located in the basal ventro-retrolateral region of metatarsi I in adult males. Additionally, male tibiae I possess three apophyses. Females of Magnacarina gen. nov. have a single reduced and strongly sclerotized spermatheca, with an apical lobe projecting ventrally, and with a uterus externus that is longer and wider than the spermatheca.
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an integrative approach for species delimitation in the spider genus grammostola Theraphosidae mygalomorphae
Zoologica Scripta, 2016Co-Authors: Guillermo Delia, Fernando PerezmilesAbstract:The mygalomorph genus Grammostola (family Theraphosidae) is endemic to South America. The species Grammostola anthracina is one of the largest spiders in Uruguay and reputed to be the longest lived tarantula in the world. This nominal species has two distinct colour morphs comprising black and reddish-brown forms with controversial taxonomic status. Here, we present a phylogenetic study based on molecular characters (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) of haplotypes of G. anthracina and closely related species. Our analysis together with new morphological data and biogeographical information indicates that the two morphs of G. anthracina constitute different species that are not sister to each other. Consequently, a new species, Grammostola quirogai is described, diagnosed and illustrated to encompass the black morph. Phylogenetic relationships and new taxonomic characters for Grammostola species included in this study are discussed.
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bumba a replacement name for maraca perez miles 2005 and bumba lennoni a new tarantula species from western amazonia araneae Theraphosidae theraphosinae
ZooKeys, 2014Co-Authors: Fernando Perezmiles, Alexandre B. Bonaldo, Laura T MiglioAbstract:We propose the name Bumba as a new name for Maraca, preoccupied by Maraca Hebard, 1926 (Orthoptera). We describe and illustrate Bumba lennoni, a new theraphosid species from Caxiuana, Para, Brazil. This species differs from the other species of the genus in the extremely reduced keel on male palpal organ and in the higher number of labial and maxillary cuspules. Females additionally differ in the spermathecal morphology. As a consequence of the name replacement, three new combinations are established.
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historical biogeography of the genus cyriocosmus araneae Theraphosidae in the neotropics according to an event based method and spatial analysis of vicariance
Zoological Studies, 2012Co-Authors: Nelson Ferretti, Alda González, Fernando PerezmilesAbstract:endemic genus Cyriocosmus (Araneae, Theraphosidae) was reconstructed, and a spatial analysis of vicariance was conducted. Results obtained with the software RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies), suggest that Cyriocosmus originated within an area currently represented by the biogeographical subregions of the Amazonian and Paramo Punan. We found 3 vicariant nodes: the 1st into the Amazonian-Caribbean, the 2nd into the Caribbean, and the 3rd into the Amazonian-Parana, Amazonian-Chacoan, and Amazonian-Parana and Chacoan. Using the Vicariance Inference Program we found that 1 vicariant node different from that obtained with RASP, and the hypothetical barriers for the clade were represented by the Voronoi lines in South America. In order to interpret biogeographical events that affected the genus Cyriocosmus, these results are contrasted with major geological events that occurred in South America, and also with previous biogeographical hypotheses. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/51.4/526.pdf
Stuart J Longhorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Revised taxonomic status of some Mexican and Central American tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with transfers from Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901, and a new genus from the Pacific lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica
Arachnology, 2019Co-Authors: Stuart J Longhorn, Ray GabrielAbstract:The type material of several Central American tarantulas (Theraphosidae; Theraphosinae) were re-examined within a broader revision involving the defunct genus EurypelmaKoch, 1850 and the poorly defined AphonopelmaPocock, 1901. Here, we create the new monotypic genus Sandinistagen. nov. for a revised taxon Sandinista lanceolatum (Simon, 1891) comb. nov., which is a small tarantula from the Pacific lowland dry forests of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. It was originally described under Eurypelma and later transferred to Aphonopelma without justification. Based on comparison of type specimens against new material, we emphasise its unusual bulb anatomy to rediagnose it as a new genus with suggested close affinity to AphonopelmaPocock, 1901 (sensu stricto), Sphaerobothria Karsch, 1897, and StichoplastorisRudloff, 1997. We also re-examined the type material of Brachypelma fossorium Valerio, 1980, which is here treated as a junior synonym of S. lanceolatum, syn. nov. We also discuss the Mexican/Central American genus Crassicrus Reichling & West, 1999, into which we transfer another former Eurypelma from the Yucatan. This species was later called Aphonopelma stoicum (Chamberlin, 1925), which we revise as Crassicrus stoicumcomb. nov. and contrast against other described congeners. We also re-evaluate two other specimens later determined as Aphonopelma stoicum by Schmidt & Piepho (1997), including the alleged first female for the species, and consider them as mis-identified congeners. Finally, we provide some discussion on Citharacanthus meermani Reichling & West, 2000 from Belize in the context of Crassicrus, due to similar aspects of their male palpal bulb morphology, highlighting potentially informative aspects.
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Tarantula phylogenomics: A robust phylogeny of deep theraphosid clades inferred from transcriptome data sheds light on the prickly issue of urticating setae evolution.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Saoirse Foley, Stuart J Longhorn, Tim Lüddecke, Dong-qiang Cheng, Henrik Krehenwinkel, Sven Künzel, Ingo Wendt, Volker Von Wirth, Rene Tänzler, Miguel VencesAbstract:Abstract Mygalomorph spiders of the family Theraphosidae, known to the broader public as tarantulas, are among the most recognizable arachnids on earth due to their large size and widespread distribution. Their use of urticating setae is a notable adaptation that has evolved exclusively in certain New World theraphosids. Thus far, the evolutionary history of Theraphosidae remains poorly understood; theraphosid systematics still largely relies on morphological datasets, which suffer from high degrees of homoplasy, and traditional Sanger sequencing of preselected genes failed to provide strong support for supra-generic clades. In this study, we provide the first robust phylogenetic hypothesis of theraphosid evolution inferred from transcriptome data. A core ortholog approach was used to generate a phylogeny from 2460 orthologous genes across 25 theraphosid genera, representing all of the major theraphosid subfamilies, except Selenogyrinae. Our phylogeny recovers an unprecedented monophyletic group that comprises the vast majority of New World theraphosid subfamilies including Aviculariinae, Schismatothelinae and Theraphosinae. Concurrently, we provide additional evidence for the integrity of questionable subfamilies, such as Poecilotheriinae and Psalmopoeinae, and support the non-monophyly of Ischnocolinae. The deeper relationships between almost all subfamilies are confidently inferred. We also used our phylogeny in tandem with published morphological data to perform ancestral state analyses on urticating setae, and contextualize our reconstructions with emphasis on the complex evolutionary history of the trait.
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Tarantula phylogenomics: A robust phylogeny of multiple tarantula lineages inferred from transcriptome data sheds light on the prickly issue of urticating setae evolution
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Stephen Foley, Stuart J Longhorn, Henrik Krehenwinkel, Ingo Wendt, Volker Von Wirth, Tim Lueddecke, Dong-qiang Chen, Sven Kuenzel, Rene Taenzler, Miguel VencesAbstract:Mygalomorph spiders of the family Theraphosidae, known to the broader public as tarantulas, are among the most recognizable arachnids on earth due to their large size and widespread distribution. Their use of urticating setae is a notable adaptation that has evolved exclusively in certain New World theraphosids. Thus far, the evolutionary history of Theraphosidae remains poorly understood; theraphosid systematics still largely relies on morphological datasets, which suffer from high degrees of homoplasy, and traditional targeted sequencing of preselected genes failed to provide strong support for supra-generic clades (i.e. particularly those broader than subfamilies). In this study, we provide the first robust phylogenetic hypothesis of theraphosid evolution inferred from transcriptome data. A core ortholog approach was used to generate a phylogeny from 2460 orthologous genes across 25 theraphosid genera, representing all of the major theraphosid subfamilies, except Selenogyrinae. For the first time our phylogeny recovers a monophyletic group that comprises the vast majority of New World theraphosid subfamilies including Aviculariinae and Theraphosinae. Concurrently, we provide additional evidence for the integrity of questionable subfamilies, such as Poecilotheriinae and Psalmopoeinae, and support the non-monophyly of Ischnocolinae. The deeper relationships between almost all subfamilies are confidently inferred for the first time. We also used our phylogeny in tandem with published morphological data to perform ancestral state analyses on urticating setae. This revealed that the evolution of this important defensive trait might be explained by three equally parsimonious scenarios.
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re evaluating conservation priorities of new world tarantulas araneae Theraphosidae in a molecular framework indicates non monophyly of the genera aphonopelma and brachypelma
Systematics and Biodiversity, 2018Co-Authors: Steven P Turner, Ray Gabriel, Stuart J Longhorn, Chris A Hamilton, Fernando Perezmiles, Alfried P VoglerAbstract:We present a mtDNA gene tree of tarantula spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) based on the mitochondrial 16S-tRNA (leu)-ND1 gene region as a promising initial molecular hypothesis to clarify the taxonomy of the largest subfamily, Theraphosinae. Many species of this New World subfamily are traded widely as exotic pets, yet few scientific studies on them exist, and the robustness of many supposed taxonomic groupings is debatable. Yet the validity of taxon names and knowledge of their distinctiveness is vital for trade regulation, most notably for the Neotropical genus Brachypelma Simon 1891, which is listed under CITES (Appendix II, see online supplemental material, which is available from the article's Taylor & Francis Online page at https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2017.1346719). The use of molecular markers for tarantula taxonomy has been limited until recently, with most previous studies relying on morphological methods. Our findings, from newly collected molecular data, have several nomencl...
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Discovering the silk road: Nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data resolve the phylogenetic relationships among theraphosid spider subfamilies.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Tim Lüddecke, Stuart J Longhorn, Henrik Krehenwinkel, Ingo Wendt, Rene Tänzler, Gregory Canning, Frank Glaw, Miguel VencesAbstract:Abstract The mygalomorph spiders in the family Theraphosidae, also known as “tarantulas”, are one of the most popular and diverse groups of arachnids, but their evolutionary history remains poorly understood because morphological analyses have only provided mostly controversial results, and a broad molecular perspective has been lacking until now. In this study we provide a preliminary molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among theraphosid subfamilies, based on 3.5 kbp of three nuclear and three mitochondrial markers, for 52 taxa representing 10 of the 11 commonly accepted subfamilies. Our analysis confirms the monophyly of the Theraphosidae and of most recognized theraphosid subfamilies, supports the validity of the Stromatopelminae and Poecilotheriinae, and indicates paraphyly of the Schismatothelinae. The placement of representatives of Schismatothelinae also indicates possible non-monophyly of Aviculariinae and supports the distinction of the previously contentious subfamily Psalmopoeinae. Major clades typically corresponded to taxa occurring in the same biogeographic region, with two of them each occurring in Africa, South America and Asia. Because relationships among these major clades were poorly supported, more extensive molecular data sets are required to test the hypothesis of independent colonization and multiple dispersal events among these continents.
Marcio Bernardino Dasilva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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taxonomy and phylogenetics of tmesiphantes simon 1892 araneae Theraphosidae
Systematics and Biodiversity, 2019Co-Authors: Willian Fabianodasilva, José Paulo Leite Guadanucci, Marcio Bernardino DasilvaAbstract:The tarantula genus Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 (Theraphosinae) includes nine valid species, with records for the states of Bahia (T. nubilus, T. caymmii, T. amadoi, T. bethaniae, T. hypogeus, and T. ...
Milan řezac - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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urticating setae of tarantulas araneae Theraphosidae morphology revision of typology and terminology and implications for taxonomy
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Radan Kaderka, Jana Bulantova, Petr Heneberg, Milan řezacAbstract:Tarantula urticating setae are modified setae located on the abdomen or pedipalps, which represent an effective defensive mechanism against vertebrate or invertebrate predators and intruders. They are also useful taxonomic tools as morphological characters facilitating the classification of New World theraphosid spiders. In the present study, the morphology of urticating setae was studied on 144 taxa of New World theraphosids, including ontogenetic stages in chosen species, except for species with urticating setae of type VII. The typology of urticating setae was revised, and types I, III and IV were redescribed. The urticating setae in spiders with type I setae, which were originally among type III or were considered setae of intermediate morphology between types I and III, are newly considered to be ontogenetic derivatives of type I and are described as subtypes. Setae of intermediate morphology between that of body setae and type II urticating setae that were found in Iridopelma hirsutum and Antillena rickwesti may provide another evidence that type II urticating setae evolved from body setae. It is supposed that the fusion of barbs with the shaft may lead to the morphology of type II setae. As the type II setae of Aviculariinae evolved independently to the UrS of Theraphosinae and both subfamilies represent two non-sister groups, this should explain the differences in the morphology of body setae in Aviculariinae and Theraphosinae. The terminology of “barbs” and “reversed barbs” was revised and redefined, newly emphasizing the real direction of barbs.