The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Khalid Mehmood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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puerarin enhance vascular proliferation and halt apoptosis in Thiram induced avian tibial dyschondroplasia by regulating hif 1α timp 3 and bcl 2 expressions
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020Co-Authors: Muhammad Waqas, Khalid Mehmood, Wangyuan Yao, Jialu Zhang, Yaping Wang, Hammad Qamar, Mudassar Iqbal, Xiong JiangAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate pesticide used for crop protection and storage. But, it's widespread utilization is associated with deleterious growth plate cartilage disorder in broilers termed as avian tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). TD results in non-mineralized and less vascularized proximal tibial growth plate cartilage causing lameness and poor growth performance. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of puerarin against Thiram toxicity in TD affected chickens. One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 240) were alienated into three equal groups i.e. control, TD and puerarin (n = 80) and were offered standard feed. Additionally, TD and puerarin groups were offered Thiram at 50 mg/kg of feed from 4 to 7 days for TD induction followed by puerarin therapy at 120 mg/kg to puerarin group only from 8 to 18 days for TD treatment. Thiram feeding to TD and puerarin group chickens caused lameness, mortality, and increased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and growth plate (GP) size and upregulated HIF-1α expression. Besides, the production parameters, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels and the expressions of TIMP-3 and BCL-2 were decreased (p
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identification of differentially expressed mirnas profile in a Thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Jialu Zhang, Xiaole Tong, Yaping Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Mujahid IqbalAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate, which is widely used on seeds and storing food grains. The incorporation of Thiram into the food chain could be a risk for both human beings and animals. Thiram-contaminated feed has been considered a common cause of tibial dyschondrolplasia (TD) in many avian species. The molecular mechanism of action of Thiram on TD involving microRNA (miRNA) is not fully understood. For this purpose, the morbidity and pathologic changes were evaluated to understand the TD, and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to explore the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEGs). RT-qPCR was used to confirm the validity as compared with sequencing data. The results showed that the marked alterations in the growth plate of the TD chickens were noticeable, with shrinking cells and irregular chondrocyte columns as compared with control group. In this study, we identified total 375 (p
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ligustrazine recovers Thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens involvement of new molecules modulating integrin beta 3
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Xiaole Tong, Mujahid Iqbal, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal, Muhammad WaqasAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate, which is extensively used in agriculture as pesticide and fungicide for treating grains intended for seed purposes and also for storing food grains. One of the most evident and detrimental effect produced by Thiram is tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in many avian species, by feeding diets containing Thiram, a growth plate cartilage disease. TD is characterized by the lack of blood vessels and impaired vascular invasion of the hypertrophic chondrocyte resulting in the massive cell death. This study investigated the effects of ligustrazine on the treatment and control of Thiram induced-TD. A total of 210 chicks were divided into three equal groups (n = 70): control group (received standard diet), TD group (feed on Thiram containing diet from day 3–7), and ligustrazine group (feed on Thiram containing diet from day 3–7 and after that ligustrazine @ 30 mg/kg from day 8 to day 18). During the experiment, the lameness, production parameters, tibia bone indicators, pathological index changes and integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) expressions were examined. The results reveal that ligustrazine plays an important role in improving angiogenesis and decreasing chondrocytes damage in TD chicks via a new molecule modulating ITGB3. So, the administration of ligustrazine can be an important way to cope with the losses and costs associated with TD in commercial poultry farming and animal welfare issue due to environmental contamination of Thiram.
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Effect of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) in relation to tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Muhammad Waqas, Mujahid Iqbal, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Yaoqin ShenAbstract:Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is one of the important pesticides, which is extensively used in agriculture, but if it is combined with the cell membrane, then it causes membrane damage, bone morphogenic inactivation, and inhibited angiogenesis. Thiram has been considered a common cause of tibial dyschondrolplasia (TD) in various avian species, because it becomes the part of feed due to environmental contamination and its overuse in agriculture as pesticides or fungicide. However, there is no systematic study on the changes of the correlation indexes with toxic effect of the Thiram in chickens. Therefore, we evaluated the toxic effects of Thiram on growth performance of chickens, viscera organ index, pathological changes in tissue, and gene expression associated with osteoblast differentiation, vascularization, and tibial bone development. For this study, 1-day chickens (n = 300) were randomly distributed into two equal groups, control group (normal basal diet) and Thiram group (adding Thiram 40 mg/kg in basal diet). The result presented that Thiram group chickens were looking unhealthy, lazy, and showing clinical symptoms like lameness. Thiram treatment significantly reduced the performance of chickens, liver index, and tibial length compared with control group. The toxic effect of Thiram increased the visceral organ index (spleen and cardiac), tibia index, and TD severity considerably. It also increased serum Ca2+ and P3+ concentration and decreased tibial density compared to control chickens but the difference was not significant. Histopathology of tibia and liver showed that there were severe lesions due to toxic effect of Thiram. Furthermore, HIF-1α and VEGF antibody localizations were increased and WNT4 localization was reduced significantly in immunohistochemical analysis. This systemic study of toxic effects of Thiram in chicken concluded that Thiram reduced the growth performance of chickens through decreasing liver index, whereas increasing kidney, cardiac, and spleen index, and induced TD by changing the expressions of VEGF, HIF-1α, and WNT4.
Muhammad Waqas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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puerarin enhance vascular proliferation and halt apoptosis in Thiram induced avian tibial dyschondroplasia by regulating hif 1α timp 3 and bcl 2 expressions
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020Co-Authors: Muhammad Waqas, Khalid Mehmood, Wangyuan Yao, Jialu Zhang, Yaping Wang, Hammad Qamar, Mudassar Iqbal, Xiong JiangAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate pesticide used for crop protection and storage. But, it's widespread utilization is associated with deleterious growth plate cartilage disorder in broilers termed as avian tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). TD results in non-mineralized and less vascularized proximal tibial growth plate cartilage causing lameness and poor growth performance. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of puerarin against Thiram toxicity in TD affected chickens. One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 240) were alienated into three equal groups i.e. control, TD and puerarin (n = 80) and were offered standard feed. Additionally, TD and puerarin groups were offered Thiram at 50 mg/kg of feed from 4 to 7 days for TD induction followed by puerarin therapy at 120 mg/kg to puerarin group only from 8 to 18 days for TD treatment. Thiram feeding to TD and puerarin group chickens caused lameness, mortality, and increased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and growth plate (GP) size and upregulated HIF-1α expression. Besides, the production parameters, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels and the expressions of TIMP-3 and BCL-2 were decreased (p
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identification of differentially expressed mirnas profile in a Thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Jialu Zhang, Xiaole Tong, Yaping Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Mujahid IqbalAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate, which is widely used on seeds and storing food grains. The incorporation of Thiram into the food chain could be a risk for both human beings and animals. Thiram-contaminated feed has been considered a common cause of tibial dyschondrolplasia (TD) in many avian species. The molecular mechanism of action of Thiram on TD involving microRNA (miRNA) is not fully understood. For this purpose, the morbidity and pathologic changes were evaluated to understand the TD, and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to explore the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEGs). RT-qPCR was used to confirm the validity as compared with sequencing data. The results showed that the marked alterations in the growth plate of the TD chickens were noticeable, with shrinking cells and irregular chondrocyte columns as compared with control group. In this study, we identified total 375 (p
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ligustrazine recovers Thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens involvement of new molecules modulating integrin beta 3
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Xiaole Tong, Mujahid Iqbal, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal, Muhammad WaqasAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate, which is extensively used in agriculture as pesticide and fungicide for treating grains intended for seed purposes and also for storing food grains. One of the most evident and detrimental effect produced by Thiram is tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in many avian species, by feeding diets containing Thiram, a growth plate cartilage disease. TD is characterized by the lack of blood vessels and impaired vascular invasion of the hypertrophic chondrocyte resulting in the massive cell death. This study investigated the effects of ligustrazine on the treatment and control of Thiram induced-TD. A total of 210 chicks were divided into three equal groups (n = 70): control group (received standard diet), TD group (feed on Thiram containing diet from day 3–7), and ligustrazine group (feed on Thiram containing diet from day 3–7 and after that ligustrazine @ 30 mg/kg from day 8 to day 18). During the experiment, the lameness, production parameters, tibia bone indicators, pathological index changes and integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) expressions were examined. The results reveal that ligustrazine plays an important role in improving angiogenesis and decreasing chondrocytes damage in TD chicks via a new molecule modulating ITGB3. So, the administration of ligustrazine can be an important way to cope with the losses and costs associated with TD in commercial poultry farming and animal welfare issue due to environmental contamination of Thiram.
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Effect of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) in relation to tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Muhammad Waqas, Mujahid Iqbal, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Yaoqin ShenAbstract:Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is one of the important pesticides, which is extensively used in agriculture, but if it is combined with the cell membrane, then it causes membrane damage, bone morphogenic inactivation, and inhibited angiogenesis. Thiram has been considered a common cause of tibial dyschondrolplasia (TD) in various avian species, because it becomes the part of feed due to environmental contamination and its overuse in agriculture as pesticides or fungicide. However, there is no systematic study on the changes of the correlation indexes with toxic effect of the Thiram in chickens. Therefore, we evaluated the toxic effects of Thiram on growth performance of chickens, viscera organ index, pathological changes in tissue, and gene expression associated with osteoblast differentiation, vascularization, and tibial bone development. For this study, 1-day chickens (n = 300) were randomly distributed into two equal groups, control group (normal basal diet) and Thiram group (adding Thiram 40 mg/kg in basal diet). The result presented that Thiram group chickens were looking unhealthy, lazy, and showing clinical symptoms like lameness. Thiram treatment significantly reduced the performance of chickens, liver index, and tibial length compared with control group. The toxic effect of Thiram increased the visceral organ index (spleen and cardiac), tibia index, and TD severity considerably. It also increased serum Ca2+ and P3+ concentration and decreased tibial density compared to control chickens but the difference was not significant. Histopathology of tibia and liver showed that there were severe lesions due to toxic effect of Thiram. Furthermore, HIF-1α and VEGF antibody localizations were increased and WNT4 localization was reduced significantly in immunohistochemical analysis. This systemic study of toxic effects of Thiram in chicken concluded that Thiram reduced the growth performance of chickens through decreasing liver index, whereas increasing kidney, cardiac, and spleen index, and induced TD by changing the expressions of VEGF, HIF-1α, and WNT4.
Eduarda B.h. Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Photodegradation of the fungicide Thiram in aqueous solutions. Kinetic studies and identification of the photodegradation products by HPLC–MS/MS
Chemosphere, 2013Co-Authors: Olga M.s. Filipe, Sónia A.o. Santos, M.m. Vidal, Carlos Pascoal Neto, M. Rosário M. Domingues, Armando J D Silvestre, Eduarda B.h. SantosAbstract:Abstract In this study, the relevance of photodegradation processes on the persistence of the fungicide Thiram in waters was investigated. The photodegradation of Thiram in Milli-Q water and in aqueous solutions of humic and fulvic acids, as well as the photodegradation in spiked river water were studied. Both pure Thiram and one of its commercial formulations were used to prepare the solutions which were irradiated in a solar light simulator. In general, Thiram photodegradation follows pseudo-first order kinetics. The half-life time of Thiram 2 mg L −1 in Milli-Q water was 28 min. However, the degradation rate of Thiram was significantly increased ( p = 0.02) by the inert components of the Thiram commercial formulation as well as by commercial humic acids and by fulvic acids isolated from river water ( p −1 ) it decreased to 22 min. Furthermore, Thiram photodegradation in natural river water showed that there is a significant enhancement of the degradation rate constant of Thiram relatively to Milli-Q water, corresponding to a decrease of about 38% in its half-life time. This increase of the degradation rate in river water seems to be higher than that observed in the presence of FA, suggesting that beyond organic matter, other natural river components can increase the Thiram photodegradation rate. These results allow us to conclude that photodegradation by solar radiation can be an important degradation pathway of Thiram in natural waters. HPLC–MS/MS allowed to identify, for the first time, three products of the photodegradation of Thiram in aqueous solution. Three compounds were identified and their structure was corroborated by the MS n spectra fragmentation profile. Pathways for the formation of the products from Thiram photodegradation are proposed and discussed.
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Influence of soil copper content on the kinetics of Thiram adsorption and on Thiram leachability from soils.
Chemosphere, 2012Co-Authors: Olga M.s. Filipe, M.m. Vidal, Carina Andreia Esteves Da Costa, Eduarda B.h. SantosAbstract:Abstract This work aimed to assess the influence of soil copper content on the sorption processes of Thiram, a fungicide widely used in agriculture, most of the times together with copper. Two different types of studies were performed: (1) desorption studies of Thiram with acetonitrile after batch adsorption equilibration, and ageing of the wet soil for a variable period of time; (2) kinetic studies of Thiram adsorption performed using the soil in its original form and after fortification with copper ions. In the desorption studies, with the increase of the ageing time, a decrease of the Thiram peak and a simultaneous increase of a new peak, assigned to a copper complex, were observed in the chromatograms. This new peak increases sharply until an ageing period of about 4 d and then this area is maintained approximately constant until 18 d, the maximum ageing period studied. These results indicate that Thiram reacts with copper ions along time giving rise to the formation of relatively persistent copper complexes in soil. Desorption studies with CaCl2 0.01 M solution showed that this complex is not extracted. Thus, it is not easily leached to ground and surface waters and copper may contribute to Thiram immobilization in soil. The kinetic studies of Thiram adsorption were performed in both soils and for two initial Thiram concentrations (∼7 and 20 mg L−1). For the soil fortified with copper the percentage of adsorbed Thiram is higher than observed for the original soil at the same initial concentrations and equilibration times and 100% of adsorption is attained in 15 h or 48 h, depending on the Thiram initial concentration. Four kinetic equations, the pseudo first- and second-order equations, the Elovich and the intraparticle diffusion equations were selected to fit the kinetic data of the adsorption process of Thiram onto both original and fortified soil. The best model to describe the kinetics of Thiram adsorption onto the original soil is the intraparticle diffusion model. For the soil fortified with copper ions we verified that for the highest initial Thiram concentration, the best model is also the intraparticle diffusion model, however, for the lower initial Thiram concentration the best model is the pseudo second-order kinetic equation, suggesting that, for a high Cu:Thi ratio, a chemical reaction of Thiram with copper ions on the soil surface can occur, and it may be the rate controlling step. Since the kinetics of adsorption depends on both soil copper content and the initial Thiram concentration in solution, i.e. depends on Cu:Thi ratio, it is difficult to choose a fixed batch equilibration time for adsorption studies of Thiram.
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Adsorption-Desorption Behavior of Thiram onto Humic Acid
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Olga M.s. Filipe, M.m. Vidal, Armando C. Duarte, Eduarda B.h. SantosAbstract:The adsorption/desorption behavior of pure Thiram (Thi-P) and formulated Thiram (Thi-F) onto commercial humic acids (HA) was studied using a batch equilibration procedure. Results of adsorption kinetic experiments showed that Thiram adsorption is a fast process since 85% of the equilibrium concentration is reached within two hours. Experimental KD values between 0.110 to 0.210 L g -1 were obtained for the adsorption of both Thi-P and Thi-F onto HA, suggesting that Thiram is strongly sorbed by humic acids. In general, for both Thi-P and Thi-F, the lower the initial Thiram concentration, the stronger is its adsorption (higher KD and percentage adsorption values). The adsorption isotherms were found to match the BET model. The results show that Thiram adsorption onto condensed humic acids cannot be explained only in terms of specific interactions, such as those identified in studies of adsorption of Thiram with humic acids in solution. The comparison of sorption and desorption results allowed the observation of hysteresis phenomena. Desorption KD values were consistently higher than those for adsorption at the same equilibrium concentration. Hysteresis was lower for the formulated Thiram suggesting that adsorption is more reversible in the presence of the formulation components turning the pesticide more susceptible to be leached.
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Influence of Fulvic Acids and Copper Ions on Thiram Determination in Water
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Olga M.s. Filipe, M.m. Vidal, Armando C. Duarte, Eduarda B.h. SantosAbstract:The literature concerning the application of solid-phase extraction (SPE) to the concentration of Thiram (bis(dimethyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfide) from natural waters is scarce, the available results being contradictory or with no analytical significance. To clarify these contradictory results, a C18-SPE procedure combined with HPLC−UV was applied to Thiram analysis in river water, and the influence of several factors on recoveries was studied. This procedure gave Thiram recoveries of about 100% when applied to Thiram standard solutions. However, when the same procedure was applied to river water samples spiked with Thiram, the recoveries depended on the equilibration time after spiking. The influence of river fulvic acids (FAs) and Cu(II) on Thiram recoveries from standard solutions was studied as a possible interference for such a result. In the presence of FA, Thiram recoveries were always higher than 85%. In the presence of Cu(II), Thiram recoveries decreased significantly, due to complexation, but the...
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a solid phase extraction procedure for the clean up of Thiram from aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of humic substances
Talanta, 2007Co-Authors: Olga M.s. Filipe, M.m. Vidal, Armando C. Duarte, Eduarda B.h. SantosAbstract:A simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure with an octadecyl bonded phase silica (C(18)) was developed for clean-up of the fungicide Thiram from aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of humic substances, for future studies of Thiram adsorption onto solid humic substances or soils. Suspensions of humic acids and soil, in aqueous 0.01M CaCl(2) solution, were prepared and used as samples. These extracts were spiked with Thiram and immediately applied to a C(18)-SPE cartridge. Thiram was eluted with chloroform and its concentration measured by spectrophotometry at 283nm. Non-spiked aqueous extracts (blanks) and a control sample of Thiram in 0.01M CaCl(2) aqueous solution were also prepared and submitted to the same SPE procedure. The results show that humic substances are extensively retained by the C(18) cartridge but are not eluted with CHCl(3). Recoveries of 100-104% were obtained for Thiram in the presence of humic substances. The SPE procedure described in this work is an efficient clean-up step to remove the interference of humic substances absorbance and to be coupled to any spectrophotometric or HPLC-UV method, usually used for Thiram analysis in food extracts.
Xiong Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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puerarin enhance vascular proliferation and halt apoptosis in Thiram induced avian tibial dyschondroplasia by regulating hif 1α timp 3 and bcl 2 expressions
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020Co-Authors: Muhammad Waqas, Khalid Mehmood, Wangyuan Yao, Jialu Zhang, Yaping Wang, Hammad Qamar, Mudassar Iqbal, Xiong JiangAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate pesticide used for crop protection and storage. But, it's widespread utilization is associated with deleterious growth plate cartilage disorder in broilers termed as avian tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). TD results in non-mineralized and less vascularized proximal tibial growth plate cartilage causing lameness and poor growth performance. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of puerarin against Thiram toxicity in TD affected chickens. One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 240) were alienated into three equal groups i.e. control, TD and puerarin (n = 80) and were offered standard feed. Additionally, TD and puerarin groups were offered Thiram at 50 mg/kg of feed from 4 to 7 days for TD induction followed by puerarin therapy at 120 mg/kg to puerarin group only from 8 to 18 days for TD treatment. Thiram feeding to TD and puerarin group chickens caused lameness, mortality, and increased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and growth plate (GP) size and upregulated HIF-1α expression. Besides, the production parameters, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels and the expressions of TIMP-3 and BCL-2 were decreased (p
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identification of differentially expressed mirnas profile in a Thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Jialu Zhang, Xiaole Tong, Yaping Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Mujahid IqbalAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate, which is widely used on seeds and storing food grains. The incorporation of Thiram into the food chain could be a risk for both human beings and animals. Thiram-contaminated feed has been considered a common cause of tibial dyschondrolplasia (TD) in many avian species. The molecular mechanism of action of Thiram on TD involving microRNA (miRNA) is not fully understood. For this purpose, the morbidity and pathologic changes were evaluated to understand the TD, and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to explore the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEGs). RT-qPCR was used to confirm the validity as compared with sequencing data. The results showed that the marked alterations in the growth plate of the TD chickens were noticeable, with shrinking cells and irregular chondrocyte columns as compared with control group. In this study, we identified total 375 (p
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ligustrazine recovers Thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens involvement of new molecules modulating integrin beta 3
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Xiaole Tong, Mujahid Iqbal, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal, Muhammad WaqasAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate, which is extensively used in agriculture as pesticide and fungicide for treating grains intended for seed purposes and also for storing food grains. One of the most evident and detrimental effect produced by Thiram is tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in many avian species, by feeding diets containing Thiram, a growth plate cartilage disease. TD is characterized by the lack of blood vessels and impaired vascular invasion of the hypertrophic chondrocyte resulting in the massive cell death. This study investigated the effects of ligustrazine on the treatment and control of Thiram induced-TD. A total of 210 chicks were divided into three equal groups (n = 70): control group (received standard diet), TD group (feed on Thiram containing diet from day 3–7), and ligustrazine group (feed on Thiram containing diet from day 3–7 and after that ligustrazine @ 30 mg/kg from day 8 to day 18). During the experiment, the lameness, production parameters, tibia bone indicators, pathological index changes and integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) expressions were examined. The results reveal that ligustrazine plays an important role in improving angiogenesis and decreasing chondrocytes damage in TD chicks via a new molecule modulating ITGB3. So, the administration of ligustrazine can be an important way to cope with the losses and costs associated with TD in commercial poultry farming and animal welfare issue due to environmental contamination of Thiram.
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Effect of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) in relation to tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Muhammad Waqas, Mujahid Iqbal, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Yaoqin ShenAbstract:Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is one of the important pesticides, which is extensively used in agriculture, but if it is combined with the cell membrane, then it causes membrane damage, bone morphogenic inactivation, and inhibited angiogenesis. Thiram has been considered a common cause of tibial dyschondrolplasia (TD) in various avian species, because it becomes the part of feed due to environmental contamination and its overuse in agriculture as pesticides or fungicide. However, there is no systematic study on the changes of the correlation indexes with toxic effect of the Thiram in chickens. Therefore, we evaluated the toxic effects of Thiram on growth performance of chickens, viscera organ index, pathological changes in tissue, and gene expression associated with osteoblast differentiation, vascularization, and tibial bone development. For this study, 1-day chickens (n = 300) were randomly distributed into two equal groups, control group (normal basal diet) and Thiram group (adding Thiram 40 mg/kg in basal diet). The result presented that Thiram group chickens were looking unhealthy, lazy, and showing clinical symptoms like lameness. Thiram treatment significantly reduced the performance of chickens, liver index, and tibial length compared with control group. The toxic effect of Thiram increased the visceral organ index (spleen and cardiac), tibia index, and TD severity considerably. It also increased serum Ca2+ and P3+ concentration and decreased tibial density compared to control chickens but the difference was not significant. Histopathology of tibia and liver showed that there were severe lesions due to toxic effect of Thiram. Furthermore, HIF-1α and VEGF antibody localizations were increased and WNT4 localization was reduced significantly in immunohistochemical analysis. This systemic study of toxic effects of Thiram in chicken concluded that Thiram reduced the growth performance of chickens through decreasing liver index, whereas increasing kidney, cardiac, and spleen index, and induced TD by changing the expressions of VEGF, HIF-1α, and WNT4.
Mujahid Iqbal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of differentially expressed mirnas profile in a Thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Jialu Zhang, Xiaole Tong, Yaping Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Mujahid IqbalAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate, which is widely used on seeds and storing food grains. The incorporation of Thiram into the food chain could be a risk for both human beings and animals. Thiram-contaminated feed has been considered a common cause of tibial dyschondrolplasia (TD) in many avian species. The molecular mechanism of action of Thiram on TD involving microRNA (miRNA) is not fully understood. For this purpose, the morbidity and pathologic changes were evaluated to understand the TD, and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to explore the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEGs). RT-qPCR was used to confirm the validity as compared with sequencing data. The results showed that the marked alterations in the growth plate of the TD chickens were noticeable, with shrinking cells and irregular chondrocyte columns as compared with control group. In this study, we identified total 375 (p
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ligustrazine recovers Thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens involvement of new molecules modulating integrin beta 3
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Xiaole Tong, Mujahid Iqbal, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal, Muhammad WaqasAbstract:Abstract Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is a dithiocarbamate, which is extensively used in agriculture as pesticide and fungicide for treating grains intended for seed purposes and also for storing food grains. One of the most evident and detrimental effect produced by Thiram is tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in many avian species, by feeding diets containing Thiram, a growth plate cartilage disease. TD is characterized by the lack of blood vessels and impaired vascular invasion of the hypertrophic chondrocyte resulting in the massive cell death. This study investigated the effects of ligustrazine on the treatment and control of Thiram induced-TD. A total of 210 chicks were divided into three equal groups (n = 70): control group (received standard diet), TD group (feed on Thiram containing diet from day 3–7), and ligustrazine group (feed on Thiram containing diet from day 3–7 and after that ligustrazine @ 30 mg/kg from day 8 to day 18). During the experiment, the lameness, production parameters, tibia bone indicators, pathological index changes and integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) expressions were examined. The results reveal that ligustrazine plays an important role in improving angiogenesis and decreasing chondrocytes damage in TD chicks via a new molecule modulating ITGB3. So, the administration of ligustrazine can be an important way to cope with the losses and costs associated with TD in commercial poultry farming and animal welfare issue due to environmental contamination of Thiram.
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Effect of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) in relation to tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, Wangyuan Yao, Muhammad Waqas, Mujahid Iqbal, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Yaoqin ShenAbstract:Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) is one of the important pesticides, which is extensively used in agriculture, but if it is combined with the cell membrane, then it causes membrane damage, bone morphogenic inactivation, and inhibited angiogenesis. Thiram has been considered a common cause of tibial dyschondrolplasia (TD) in various avian species, because it becomes the part of feed due to environmental contamination and its overuse in agriculture as pesticides or fungicide. However, there is no systematic study on the changes of the correlation indexes with toxic effect of the Thiram in chickens. Therefore, we evaluated the toxic effects of Thiram on growth performance of chickens, viscera organ index, pathological changes in tissue, and gene expression associated with osteoblast differentiation, vascularization, and tibial bone development. For this study, 1-day chickens (n = 300) were randomly distributed into two equal groups, control group (normal basal diet) and Thiram group (adding Thiram 40 mg/kg in basal diet). The result presented that Thiram group chickens were looking unhealthy, lazy, and showing clinical symptoms like lameness. Thiram treatment significantly reduced the performance of chickens, liver index, and tibial length compared with control group. The toxic effect of Thiram increased the visceral organ index (spleen and cardiac), tibia index, and TD severity considerably. It also increased serum Ca2+ and P3+ concentration and decreased tibial density compared to control chickens but the difference was not significant. Histopathology of tibia and liver showed that there were severe lesions due to toxic effect of Thiram. Furthermore, HIF-1α and VEGF antibody localizations were increased and WNT4 localization was reduced significantly in immunohistochemical analysis. This systemic study of toxic effects of Thiram in chicken concluded that Thiram reduced the growth performance of chickens through decreasing liver index, whereas increasing kidney, cardiac, and spleen index, and induced TD by changing the expressions of VEGF, HIF-1α, and WNT4.
