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Isobel A. P. Parkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative genome organization reveals a single copy of CBF in the freezing tolerant crucifer Thlaspi Arvense
Plant molecular biology, 2007Co-Authors: Ning Zhou, Stephen J. Robinson, Terry Huebert, Nicholas J. Bate, Isobel A. P. ParkinAbstract:The weedy crucifer species Thlaspi Arvense has the ability to acclimate to lower temperatures than Arabidopsis thaliana and the related crop species, Brassica napus. As a step towards understanding the genetic basis for this enhanced low temperature response, we isolated and sequenced 8.7 kb of genomic DNA encompassing the T. Arvense CBF locus. CBF is a transcription factor believed to play a pivotal role in the development of plant freezing tolerance. Sequence analysis revealed that T. Arvense contains a single copy of CBF, whereas the co-linear, homologous region in A. thaliana contains three tandem copies. Genes that flank CBF in A. thaliana are also present in a co-linear arrangement in T. Arvense. Comparative sequence alignment also revealed the presence of conserved sequence blocks between T. Arvense and A. thaliana promoter regions. The expression of T. Arvense CBF responds rapidly to low temperature but not demonstrably to ABA, dehydration or high salt, which is comparable to that of the A. thaliana CBF genes. Over-expression of Ta-CBF in transgenic A. thaliana resulted in the development of constitutive freezing tolerance, comparable to that of cold acclimated A. thaliana.
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Exploiting the wild crucifer Thlaspi Arvense to identify conserved and novel genes expressed during a plant’s response to cold stress
Plant Molecular Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Nirmala Sharma, Ning Zhou, Terry Huebert, Dustin Cram, Isobel A. P. ParkinAbstract:Thlaspi Arvense , a wild species from the Brassicaceae family, was shown to have a higher level of freezing tolerance than either of its close relatives, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana or the crop Brassica napus (canola). Over 600 clones were sequenced from a subtractive cDNA library generated from cold treated T. Arvense tissue, establishing that T. Arvense shared significant sequence identity with both A. thaliana and B. napus (90–92%). In light of the strong sequence similarity between T. Arvense and A. thaliana and to exploit the available genomics resources for Arabidopsis , the efficacy of using long 70 mer oligonucleotide whole genome Arabidopsis microarrays was tested for T. Arvense . Gene expression in T. Arvense leaf tissue during the very early stages of cold acclimation (or cold stress) was assayed at three time points and compared to an untreated control. This analysis highlights some of the difficulties and benefits of using cross-species microarray analysis. The data suggested that T. Arvense responds in a similar fashion to cold stress as the model plant A. thaliana . However, for a number of genes quantitative differences in the level and timing of expression were identified. One of the most notable differences suggested that sulphur assimilation leading to the increased production of the methyl donor S-adenosyl-methionine was playing a role in the response of T. Arvense to cold stress.
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Exploiting the wild crucifer Thlaspi Arvense to identify conserved and novel genes expressed during a plant's response to cold stress.
Plant molecular biology, 2006Co-Authors: Nirmala Sharma, Ning Zhou, Terry Huebert, Dustin Cram, Isobel A. P. ParkinAbstract:Thlaspi Arvense, a wild species from the Brassicaceae family, was shown to have a higher level of freezing tolerance than either of its close relatives, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana or the crop Brassica napus (canola). Over 600 clones were sequenced from a subtractive cDNA library generated from cold treated T. Arvense tissue, establishing that T. Arvense shared significant sequence identity with both A. thaliana and B. napus (90–92%). In light of the strong sequence similarity between T. Arvense and A. thaliana and to exploit the available genomics resources for Arabidopsis, the efficacy of using long 70 mer oligonucleotide whole genome Arabidopsis microarrays was tested for T. Arvense. Gene expression in T. Arvense leaf tissue during the very early stages of cold acclimation (or cold stress) was assayed at three time points and compared to an untreated control. This analysis highlights some of the difficulties and benefits of using cross-species microarray analysis. The data suggested that T. Arvense responds in a similar fashion to cold stress as the model plant A. thaliana. However, for a number of genes quantitative differences in the level and timing of expression were identified. One of the most notable differences suggested that sulphur assimilation leading to the increased production of the methyl donor S-adenosyl-methionine was playing a role in the response of T. Arvense to cold stress.
Terry A. Isbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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significant variation for seed oil content fatty acid profile and seed weight in natural populations of field pennycress Thlaspi Arvense l
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Kayla Altendorf, Terry A. Isbell, Donald L Wyse, James A AndersonAbstract:Abstract Increasing oil content and altering the fatty acid profile of the oilseed cover crop, field pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense L.), would improve its profitability and functionality as a biodiesel, and possibly allow its entry into the industrial and edible oil markets. However, plant breeders know little about the amount of existing variation for these traits. To make gains in selection using traditional plant breeding to meet these objectives, heritable variation is required for traits of interest. Reported here is the characterization of a collection of 41 winter type pennycress accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) and wild selections. The collection was grown at three Minnesota locations in 2014–2015 and surveyed for total oil percentage, fatty acid profile, and hundred seed weight. Significant variation (p H p l o t 2 = 0.62 and H e n t r y 2 = 0.88), results indicate potential for effective selection within this collection in the environments tested. Although significant, no extreme variation was found, suggesting that mutagenesis or additional germplasm may be necessary to make desired alterations. The effect of location was significant for nine of twelve traits, and accession by location interaction in eight of twelve, showing that both overall and relative performance of the accessions were variable across locations.
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Preparation and Fuel Properties of Field Pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense) Seed Oil Ethyl Esters and Blends with Ultralow-Sulfur Diesel Fuel
Energy & Fuels, 2015Co-Authors: Bryan R. Moser, Roque L. Evangelista, Terry A. IsbellAbstract:Field pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense L.) is a widely distributed winter annual with a high seed oil content (36%) and is suitable as an off-season rotational crop in the midwestern United States. Erucic [(13Z)-docosenoic] acid (36.2%) is the most abundant constituent in the oil, with unsaturated and very long-chain (20+ carbons) fatty acids comprising most of the remaining content. In a previous study, we described field pennycress seed oil methyl esters (FPMEs). Here, we report field pennycress seed oil ethyl esters (FPEEs) along with the properties of blends of FPMEs and FPEEs (B2–B20) in petrodiesel. These results are compared to American and European biodiesel and petrodiesel fuel standards. FPEEs were characterized by excellent low-temperature properties (cloud point of −15 °C), high cetane number (61.4), high kinematic viscosity (5.65 mm2/s), and low oxidative stability (induction period of 4.6 h). Both kinematic viscosity and oxidative stability did not meet EN 14214 limits but were within the ranges ...
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enrichment of erucic acid from pennycress Thlaspi Arvense l seed oil
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015Co-Authors: Terry A. Isbell, Bryan R. Moser, Steven C. Cermak, Roque L. Evangelista, Steve E Glenn, Drew A Devore, Serin RaoAbstract:Abstract Pennycress ( Thlaspi Arvense L.) is a winter annual that has a wide geographic distribution and a growth habit that makes it suitable for an off-season rotation between corn and soybeans in much of the Midwestern United States. Pennycress seed contains 36% oil with 36.6% erucic acid content There are a number of markets that pennycress could supply from an enriched erucic fatty acid fraction. Erucic acid was enriched using two independent separation methods; vacuum distillation of fatty acids or methyl esters and fractional crystallization of potassium soaps directly from the triglyceride. Fractional crystallization provided the highest level of purity, yielding an 87% erucic enriched fraction but in low theoretical recovery of 23% when ethanol was used as the crystallization solvent. A higher theoretical erucic recovery (59%) was obtained when methanol was used as a solvent yielding a 71% enriched erucic acid fraction. This method utilized a mixed solvent (90:10 methanol/water) for crystallization with a 5:1 solvent to analyte ratio. In an independent study, molecular distillation of the fatty acid methyl esters at 90 °C, 7 Pa of pressure enriched the erucic acid content to 67.1% in a single pass and could be further enriched to 71.6% with a second pass with an overall mass balance for this double distilled fraction of 43.2%. Distillation of the fatty acids was similar to the methyl esters yielding a fraction that contained 69.0% erucic with an overall mass balance of this fraction of 38.4% after two distillations. All three enriched fractions (feed, distilled FAME and mother liquor) were suitable for biodiesel; 40 °C viscosity range 4.142–5.509, 100 °C viscosity range of 1.713–2.095. Pour points were improved from the feed of −18 °C to −27 °C in the mother liquor fraction and remained the same in the distillate at −18 °C. HFRR wear scars ranged from 120 to 177 μm across all fractions.
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Registration of Katelyn Thlaspi Arvense L. (Pennycress) with Improved Nondormant Traits
Journal of Plant Registrations, 2015Co-Authors: Terry A. Isbell, Steven C. Cermak, David A. Dierig, Fred J. Eller, Laura F. MarekAbstract:Katelyn (Reg. No. GP-35, PI 673443) pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense L.) germplasm was publicly released by the USDA–ARS in 2014 as part of a new crop improvement program. Katelyn was developed by two generations of mass selection based on the germination response of freshly harvested pennycress seeds. The original seed source was the wild population Beecher (PI 672505) collected from a winter fallow cornfield 3.2 km north of Hanna City, IL. The germination rate of the original parent seed under conditions of 12-h light/dark cycles at 27.5°C/11.5°C was 0%. Beecher seed kept in the dark under otherwise identical conditions germinated at 7% compared with Katelyn S2 seed, which had an immediate post-harvest germination rate of 91% for seed kept in the dark and 81% under the 12-h light/dark 27.5°C/11.5°C conditions.
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effects of cold pressing and seed cooking on functional properties of protein in pennycress Thlaspi Arvense l seed and press cakes
Industrial Crops and Products, 2013Co-Authors: Mila P Hojillaevangelista, Terry A. Isbell, Roque L. Evangelista, Gordon W. SellingAbstract:Abstract Current interest in pennycress ( Thlaspi Arvense L.) comes from its seed oil, which is being evaluated for biofuel production. The seed also has notable protein content (27% moisture-free, oil-free basis). The effects of oil processing conditions on functionality of pennycress seed proteins were determined to identify potential uses for the meal. Whole seeds were either simply cold-pressed or heated at 82 °C with residence time of 50 min in the seed conditioner. Oil was extracted by screw-pressing. Composition and functional properties (solubility, foaming, emulsification, water-holding capacity) of extractable proteins in press cakes and unprocessed pennycress seed were determined and compared. Pennycress seed protein had predominantly albumins and globulins, no prolamins, and few glutelins. Cooking significantly reduced the amounts of albumins and globulins in the press cake. All samples showed the lowest solubility (10%) at pH 4 and only moderate solubility (35–45%) as pH increased. Both seed and press cake proteins had excellent foaming and emulsifying properties, but press cake proteins had higher water-holding capacities. These results showed that heat treatment during oil processing adversely affected the albumins and globulins, as well as solubility behavior of protein in pennycress seed and press cake, but the protein still has other useful functional properties.
Mark A. Berhow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extraction, Composition and Functional Properties of Pennycress ( Thlaspi Arvense L.) Press Cake Protein
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2015Co-Authors: Mila P. Hojilla-evangelista, Mark A. Berhow, Gordon W. Selling, Roque L. EvangelistaAbstract:This study compared two methods for extracting the protein in pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense L.) press cake and determined the composition and functional properties of the protein products. Proteins in pennycress press cake were extracted by using the conventional alkali-solubilization–acid-precipitation (AP) method or saline-based (SE) procedure (0.1 M NaCl at 50 °C). The extraction method has a major influence on the purity and functional properties of press cake protein products. AP had a lower protein yield (23 %) but much higher purity (90 % crude protein) compared with SE (45 % yield, 67 % crude protein). AP protein isolate had high foam capacity (120 ml), high foam stability (96 % foam volume retention) and high emulsion stability (24–35 min), and it was resistant to heat denaturation (3 % loss of solubility at pH 2 and pH 10). On the other hand, SE protein concentrate showed remarkably high solubility (>76 %) between pH 2 and 10 and exceptional emulsifying activity (226–412 m2/g protein), but was more susceptible to heat denaturation at pH 7 and pH 10 (65–78 % loss of solubility). These results strongly demonstrate that higher purity pennycress press cake protein can be produced by either saline extraction or acid precipitation and have functional properties that are desirable for non-food uses.
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Preparation, composition and functional properties of pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense L.) seed protein isolates
Industrial Crops and Products, 2014Co-Authors: Mila P. Hojilla-evangelista, Mark A. Berhow, Gordon W. Selling, Roque L. EvangelistaAbstract:Abstract This study evaluated two methods, saline extraction (SE) and conventional acid precipitation (AP), to recover proteins from pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense L.) seed meal. SE was done using 0.1 M NaCl at 50 °C while AP involved alkaline extraction (pH 10) first followed by protein precipitation at pH 4. Composition, amino acid profiles, and functional properties (solubility, foaming, emulsification, water-holding capacity, heat coagulability) of the resultant protein extracts were compared. SE and AP produced pennycress protein extracts that were sinigrin-free and containing at least 90% (db) crude protein, which classifies the extracts as protein isolates (PI). Extraction method had major influence on the amino acid profiles and functional properties of the protein isolates. Pennycress SEPI was markedly more soluble (68–91% solubility at pH 2 and ≥7) and had excellent emulsifying properties that were clearly superior to those of APPI. On the other hand, APPI had better foaming properties and was more stable to heating than SEPI. These results strongly demonstrate that high-purity pennycress seed protein isolates can be produced by either saline extraction or acid precipitation and have functional properties that are desirable for non-food uses.
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Biofumigant compounds released by field pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense) seedmeal.
Journal of chemical ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Steven F. Vaughn, Terry A. Isbell, David Weisleder, Mark A. BerhowAbstract:Defatted field pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense L.) seedmeal was found to completely inhibit seedling germination/emergence when added to a sandy loam soil containing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and arugula [Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.] seeds at levels of 1.0% w/w or higher. Covering the pots with Petri dishes containing the soil-seedmeal mixture decreased germination of both species at the lowest application rate (0.5% w/w), suggesting that the some of the phytotoxins were volatile. CH2Cl2, MeOH, and water extracts of the wetted seedmeal were bioassayed against wheat and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby) radicle elongation. Only the CH2Cl2 extract was strongly inhibitory to both species. Fractionation of the CH2Cl2 extract yielded two major phytotoxins, identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and NMR as 2-propen-1-yl (allyl) isothiocyanate (AITC) and allyl thiocyanate (ATC), which constituted 80.9 and 18.8%, respectively, of the active fraction. When seeds of wheat, arugula and sicklepod were exposed to volatilized AITC and ATC, germination of all three species was completely inhibited by both compounds at concentrations of 5 ppm or less. In field studies, where seedmeal was applied at 0.50, 1.25, and 2.50 kg/m2 and tarped with black plastic mulch, all of the treatments significantly reduced dry weight of bioassay plants compared to the tarped control, with the highest seedmeal rate decreasing dry matter to less than 10% of the control 30 d after seedmeal application. Field pennycress seedmeal appears to offer excellent potential as a biofumigant for high-value horticultural crops for both conventional and organic growers.
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Biofumigation Potential of Field Pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense) Seedmeal
HortScience, 2004Co-Authors: Steven F. Vaughn, Terry A. Isbell, David Weisleder, Mark A. BerhowAbstract:Field pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense L.) seedmeal was found to suppress seedling germination/emergence and biomass accumulation when added to a sandy loam soil containing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), arugula [Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.] and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby) seeds. Covering the pots with petri dishes containing the soil-seedmeal mixture increased phytotoxicity at the lowest application rate, suggesting that the some of the phytotoxins were volatile. Dichloromethane, methanol and water extracts of the wetted seedmeal were bioassayed against wheat and sicklepod radicle elongation. Only the dichloromethane extract was found to be strongly inhibitory to both species. Fractionation of the dichloromethane extract identified two major phytotoxins, identified by GC-MS and NMR analyses as 2-propen-1-yl (allyl) isothiocyanate (AITC) and allyl thiocyanate (ATC), which constituted 80.9 and 18.8%, respectively, of the active fraction. When seeds of wheat, arugula and sicklepod were exposed to volatilized AITC and ATC, the germination of all three species were completely inhibited by both compounds at concentrations of 5 ppm or less.
Ning Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative genome organization reveals a single copy of CBF in the freezing tolerant crucifer Thlaspi Arvense
Plant molecular biology, 2007Co-Authors: Ning Zhou, Stephen J. Robinson, Terry Huebert, Nicholas J. Bate, Isobel A. P. ParkinAbstract:The weedy crucifer species Thlaspi Arvense has the ability to acclimate to lower temperatures than Arabidopsis thaliana and the related crop species, Brassica napus. As a step towards understanding the genetic basis for this enhanced low temperature response, we isolated and sequenced 8.7 kb of genomic DNA encompassing the T. Arvense CBF locus. CBF is a transcription factor believed to play a pivotal role in the development of plant freezing tolerance. Sequence analysis revealed that T. Arvense contains a single copy of CBF, whereas the co-linear, homologous region in A. thaliana contains three tandem copies. Genes that flank CBF in A. thaliana are also present in a co-linear arrangement in T. Arvense. Comparative sequence alignment also revealed the presence of conserved sequence blocks between T. Arvense and A. thaliana promoter regions. The expression of T. Arvense CBF responds rapidly to low temperature but not demonstrably to ABA, dehydration or high salt, which is comparable to that of the A. thaliana CBF genes. Over-expression of Ta-CBF in transgenic A. thaliana resulted in the development of constitutive freezing tolerance, comparable to that of cold acclimated A. thaliana.
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Exploiting the wild crucifer Thlaspi Arvense to identify conserved and novel genes expressed during a plant’s response to cold stress
Plant Molecular Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Nirmala Sharma, Ning Zhou, Terry Huebert, Dustin Cram, Isobel A. P. ParkinAbstract:Thlaspi Arvense , a wild species from the Brassicaceae family, was shown to have a higher level of freezing tolerance than either of its close relatives, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana or the crop Brassica napus (canola). Over 600 clones were sequenced from a subtractive cDNA library generated from cold treated T. Arvense tissue, establishing that T. Arvense shared significant sequence identity with both A. thaliana and B. napus (90–92%). In light of the strong sequence similarity between T. Arvense and A. thaliana and to exploit the available genomics resources for Arabidopsis , the efficacy of using long 70 mer oligonucleotide whole genome Arabidopsis microarrays was tested for T. Arvense . Gene expression in T. Arvense leaf tissue during the very early stages of cold acclimation (or cold stress) was assayed at three time points and compared to an untreated control. This analysis highlights some of the difficulties and benefits of using cross-species microarray analysis. The data suggested that T. Arvense responds in a similar fashion to cold stress as the model plant A. thaliana . However, for a number of genes quantitative differences in the level and timing of expression were identified. One of the most notable differences suggested that sulphur assimilation leading to the increased production of the methyl donor S-adenosyl-methionine was playing a role in the response of T. Arvense to cold stress.
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Exploiting the wild crucifer Thlaspi Arvense to identify conserved and novel genes expressed during a plant's response to cold stress.
Plant molecular biology, 2006Co-Authors: Nirmala Sharma, Ning Zhou, Terry Huebert, Dustin Cram, Isobel A. P. ParkinAbstract:Thlaspi Arvense, a wild species from the Brassicaceae family, was shown to have a higher level of freezing tolerance than either of its close relatives, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana or the crop Brassica napus (canola). Over 600 clones were sequenced from a subtractive cDNA library generated from cold treated T. Arvense tissue, establishing that T. Arvense shared significant sequence identity with both A. thaliana and B. napus (90–92%). In light of the strong sequence similarity between T. Arvense and A. thaliana and to exploit the available genomics resources for Arabidopsis, the efficacy of using long 70 mer oligonucleotide whole genome Arabidopsis microarrays was tested for T. Arvense. Gene expression in T. Arvense leaf tissue during the very early stages of cold acclimation (or cold stress) was assayed at three time points and compared to an untreated control. This analysis highlights some of the difficulties and benefits of using cross-species microarray analysis. The data suggested that T. Arvense responds in a similar fashion to cold stress as the model plant A. thaliana. However, for a number of genes quantitative differences in the level and timing of expression were identified. One of the most notable differences suggested that sulphur assimilation leading to the increased production of the methyl donor S-adenosyl-methionine was playing a role in the response of T. Arvense to cold stress.
Clay J. Carter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense L.) nectary: structural and transcriptomic characterization
BMC Plant Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Jason B. Thomas, Marshall E. Hampton, M. David Marks, Kevin M. Dorn, Clay J. CarterAbstract:BackgroundPennycress [Thlaspi Arvense L (Brassicaceae)] is being domesticated as a renewable biodiesel feedstock that also provides crucial ecosystems services, including as a nutritional resource for pollinators. However, its flowers produce significantly less nectar than other crop relatives in the Brassicaceae. This study was undertaken to understand the basic biology of the pennycress nectary as an initial step toward the possibility of enhancing nectar output from its flowers.ResultsPennycress flowers contain four equivalent nectaries located extrastaminally at the base of the insertion sites of short and long stamens. Like other Brassicaceae, the nectaries have open stomates on their surface, which likely serve as the sites of nectar secretion. The nectaries produce four distinct nectar droplets that accumulate in concave structures at the base of each of the four petals. To understand the molecular biology of the pennycress nectary, RNA was isolated from ‘immature’ (pre-secretory) and ‘mature’ (secretory) nectaries and subjected to RNA-seq. Approximately 184 M paired-end reads (368 M total reads) were de novo assembled into a total of 16,074 independent contigs, which mapped to 12,335 unique genes in the pennycress genome. Nearly 3700 genes were found to be differentially expressed between immature and mature nectaries and subjected to gene ontology and metabolic pathway analyses. Lastly, in silico analyses identified 158 pennycress orthologs to Arabidopsis genes with known enriched expression in nectaries. These nectary-enriched expression patterns were verified for select pennycress loci by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.ConclusionsPennycress nectaries are unique relative to those of other agriculturally important Brassicaceae, as they contain four equivalent nectaries that present their nectar in specialized cup-shaped structures at the base of the petals. In spite of these morphological differences, the genes underlying the regulation and production of nectar appear to be largely conserved between pennycress and Arabidopsis thaliana. These results provide a starting point for using forward and reverse genetics approaches to enhance nectar synthesis and secretion in pennycress.
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The pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense L.) nectary: structural and transcriptomic characterization.
BMC Plant Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Jason B. Thomas, Kevin M. Dorn, Marshall Hampton, M. David Marks, Clay J. CarterAbstract:Pennycress [Thlaspi Arvense L (Brassicaceae)] is being domesticated as a renewable biodiesel feedstock that also provides crucial ecosystems services, including as a nutritional resource for pollinators. However, its flowers produce significantly less nectar than other crop relatives in the Brassicaceae. This study was undertaken to understand the basic biology of the pennycress nectary as an initial step toward the possibility of enhancing nectar output from its flowers. Pennycress flowers contain four equivalent nectaries located extrastaminally at the base of the insertion sites of short and long stamens. Like other Brassicaceae, the nectaries have open stomates on their surface, which likely serve as the sites of nectar secretion. The nectaries produce four distinct nectar droplets that accumulate in concave structures at the base of each of the four petals. To understand the molecular biology of the pennycress nectary, RNA was isolated from ‘immature’ (pre-secretory) and ‘mature’ (secretory) nectaries and subjected to RNA-seq. Approximately 184 M paired-end reads (368 M total reads) were de novo assembled into a total of 16,074 independent contigs, which mapped to 12,335 unique genes in the pennycress genome. Nearly 3700 genes were found to be differentially expressed between immature and mature nectaries and subjected to gene ontology and metabolic pathway analyses. Lastly, in silico analyses identified 158 pennycress orthologs to Arabidopsis genes with known enriched expression in nectaries. These nectary-enriched expression patterns were verified for select pennycress loci by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Pennycress nectaries are unique relative to those of other agriculturally important Brassicaceae, as they contain four equivalent nectaries that present their nectar in specialized cup-shaped structures at the base of the petals. In spite of these morphological differences, the genes underlying the regulation and production of nectar appear to be largely conserved between pennycress and Arabidopsis thaliana. These results provide a starting point for using forward and reverse genetics approaches to enhance nectar synthesis and secretion in pennycress.