The Experts below are selected from a list of 10419 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sandra Prince-embury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Three-Factor Model of Personal Resiliency and Related Interventions
The Springer Series on Human Exceptionality, 2014Co-Authors: Sandra Prince-emburyAbstract:This chapter will describe a Three-Factor Model of personal resiliency (Prince-Embury, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2007) that is based on three core developmental systems commonly associated with adaptive functioning. In addition, this chapter will summarize and integrate the developmental theory underlying the Three-Factor Model, present theory, and research evidence supporting the Model. This Model was developed by Prince-Embury (2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2007) as a way of simplifying resilience theory for practical application, in conjunction with the development of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA) (Prince-Embury, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2007) as a user friendly tool for tapping the Three-Factor Model.
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Comparison of One-, Two-, and Three-Factor Models of Personal Resiliency Using the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents.
Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Sandra Prince-embury, Troy CourvilleAbstract:This article examines the scale structure of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA). Confirmatory factor analysis reveals that a Three-Factor Model is a better fit than one- or two-factor Models for the normative sample. These findings lend support to the construct validity of the RSCA. The Three-Factor Model is discussed as a framework that is useful in systematically relating critical aspects of resiliency in children and adolescents for the purpose of clinical intervention.
Filip Wittorf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimation of Expected Return: The Fama and French Three-Factor Model Vs. The Chen, Novy-Marx and Zhang Three- Factor Model
2020Co-Authors: David Kilsgård, Filip WittorfAbstract:The study examines the adequacy of the measurement of the cross-section of expected stock returns on the London Stock Exchange of the recent Three-Factor Model introduced by Chen, Novy-Marx and Zhang against that of the Fama and French Three-Factor Model. The former Model use factors in addition to the market factor based on profitability and investment while the latter Model use factors based on size and book-to-market equity. The Models are tested together with the CAPM on a number of anomalies based trading strategies. It is found that the Three-Factor Models consistently outperforms the CAPM and that the Model by Chen, Novy-Marx and Zhang in general is not able to outperform the Fama and French Three-Factor Model during the time period tested on the London Stock Exchange.
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The Fama and French Three-Factor Model - Evidence from the Swedish Stock Market
2020Co-Authors: David Kilsgård, Filip WittorfAbstract:The present study adds to the sparse published Swedish literature on the performance of the Fama and French Three-Factor Model on the Swedish stock market. The ability of the Model to measure the cost of equity is compared with that of the CAPM. The tests are conducted in time periods with and without financial turmoil. The Fama and French Three-Factor Model is found to provide improved explanatory power over the CAPM in both stable and unstable market conditions. Another finding is that the performance of the Fama and French Three- Factor Model does not perform well during a period of financial turmoil on the Swedish market.
Bob Robertson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A three factor Model of followership: part 3 – research on followership, a three factor followership framework and practical implications
Industrial and Commercial Training, 2016Co-Authors: Tony Manning, Bob RobertsonAbstract:Purpose The first part of this paper pointed out that theory and research on followership is less extensive and less well known than that on leadership. It then described a three factor Model of leadership and suggested it could be applied to and was consistent with other work on followership. The second part of the paper presented empirical evidence supporting the three factor Model of leadership and justifying its extension and application to the full range of team roles, including follower and co-worker roles, as well as leader roles. This part of the paper looks specifically at follower roles and followership. Research findings are used to develop and describe a three factor Model of follower behaviour. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A mixed group of managers, mainly from the UK public sector, completed a variety of self-assessment questionnaires, had 360 degree assessments completed on them, and provided information on their work role and situation. Research looked at the degree of correlation between variables and its statistical significance. This was used to assess the internal reliability and external validity of three factor measures of leader behaviours and team role behaviours. Information on contextual variables was used to measure leader and follower situations and develop leader-follower scales that were used to identify behaviours used by followers. In total, 360 degree assessments were also used to identify behaviours that are most and least valued when used by followers. Findings The findings presented in the second part of this paper provided empirical support for the three factor Model of leadership and its extension to the full range of team roles. The findings presented in this part of the paper identify behaviours used by individuals in follower roles and behaviours valued when used by individuals in such roles. By combining these two sets of findings, it was possible to produce a three factor Model of effective follower behaviour, with each metacategory consisting of five behaviour sets and each set made up of four specific behaviours. Research limitations/implications Effective organisations need effective followers and effective leaders. Moreover, the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower. Effective leaders and followers use essentially the same skills but use them in different situations, playing different roles. The research was carried out on a diverse sample of managers, drawn mainly from the UK public sector. However, it would be useful to extend the research to other populations. Practical implications The findings provide evidence-based descriptions of effective follower behaviours. These have practical implications for leaders and for followers, as well those involved in their training and development. They establish the content of developmental activities for effective followers and indicate how the training and development of followers underpins that of leaders. Social implications The findings challenge the widely held pre-occupation with leadership and the associated view that it is qualitatively different from and superior to leadership. In so doing, the three factor Model of followership offers a challenge to the cult of leadership. Originality/value This is the first published research to present empirical evidence supporting the three factor Model of followership. In the research process, scales were developed to assess leader and follower roles and used to identify behaviours used by followers. They were also used in further research identifying behaviours most and least valued when used by followers. The instruments and the associated research were original.
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A three factor Model of followership, part 2: research on the three factor Model and its application to team roles
Industrial and Commercial Training, 2016Co-Authors: Tony Manning, Bob RobertsonAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this three-part paper is to point out that while there is an extensive body of theory and research on leadership, less attention has been given to other roles, particularly follower roles. The authors outlined a three factor Model of leadership and suggested it could be applied to followership. In the second part of the paper, the authors present empirical evidence on the three factor Model of leadership and its application to the full range of team roles, including follower, co-worker and leader roles. In the third part of the paper the authors present and discuss further evidence specifically on follower behaviour. Design/methodology/approach In this part of the paper, the authors present evidence on the internal reliability and external validity of three self-assessment instruments, two on leadership behaviour and one on team role behaviours. Evidence is provided from a diverse group of managers, mainly in the UK public sector. Individuals completed a variety of self-assessment instruments and, in some cases, had 360 degree assessments completed on them, and provided evidence on contextual variables. The methodology involves looking at the degree of correlation, and its statistical significance, between variables. Findings The three self-assessment instruments, two on leadership and one on team roles, were found to possess satisfactory levels of both internal reliability and external validity, consistent with the three factor Model. These findings lent support to the three factor Model of leadership, to its extension and application to followership, and to the reliability and validity of the three self-assessment instruments. Research limitations/implications Effective organisations need effective followers and effective leaders. Moreover, the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower. The research was based mainly on individuals in the public sector in the UK. It would be useful to extend such research to other contexts. Practical implications Given that the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower, the training of effective followers is seen to underpin that of effective leaders. Social implications The finding that the skills of the effective leader develop out of build on those of the effective follower challenges the widely held pre-occupation with leadership, the idea that leadership is qualitatively different from and superior to followership. Thus it challenges the cult of leadership. Originality/value This paper is the first published attempt to successfully apply the three factor Model of leadership to team roles in general, including follower, co-worker and leader roles. In the third part of this paper, the three factor Model is applied specifically to follower roles. Ways of measuring leader and follower roles are developed and used to identify follower behaviours, as well as to make possible the identification of behaviours valued when used by followers, based on 360 degree assessments.
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A three factor Model of followership: part 1– introduction to followership, leadership and the three factor Model of leadership
Industrial and Commercial Training, 2016Co-Authors: Tony Manning, Bob RobertsonAbstract:Purpose – While there is an extensive body of theory and research on leadership, less attention has been paid to other work roles, including follower roles. The purpose of this paper is to explain and justify a three factor Model of followership as a basis for exploring the role of followers, establishing what makes an effective follower and discussing the training and development of followers. This is the first part of a three part paper. It reviews previous theory and research on followership, before describing the three factor Model of leadership and considering how it can be applied to followership. Design/methodology/approach – The first part of this paper consists mainly of a literature review on followership, and a description of the three factor Model of leadership. The second and third parts of the paper outline the approach to the empirical research. Findings – The overall findings of this three part paper: provide empirical evidence to support the three factor Model of leadership; justify the extension of the Model to other work roles, including follower roles; allow the development of a three factor framework of follower behaviours. Research limitations/implications – The three factor Model of followership shows that followership and leadership are not fundamentally different. Indeed, the skills that leaders need in their roles develop out of and build on those needed in follower roles. The essential difference is in the contrasting roles of leader and follower in which they are used. The research findings are based mainly on individuals in the public sector in the UK. Further research on other populations would be useful. Practical implications – Effective organisations need effective followers and effective leaders. Moreover, the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower. Social implications – The view of followership expressed in this paper is a challenge to the widely held pre-occupation with leadership and, more generally, to the cult of leadership. Originality/value – This is the first published attempt to apply the three factor Model of leadership to followership. Evidence is presented on the internal reliability and external validity of measures of leadership and followership. Scales were developed to distinguish between leader and follower roles and used to describe behaviours characteristic of such roles, as well as behaviours valued in these roles, based on 360 degree assessments.
Kathrin Tauscher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Portfolio Overlapping Bias in Tests of the Fama and French Three-Factor Model
European Financial Management, 2014Co-Authors: Martin Wallmeier, Kathrin TauscherAbstract:In the standard approach of the three‐factor Model of Fama and French ([Fama, E. F., 1993]), both the test portfolios and the SMB and HML factor portfolios are formed on the basis of size and the book‐to‐market ratio. Thus, a potential overlapping bias in time‐series regressions arises. Based on a resampling method and a split‐sample approach, we provide an in‐depth analysis of the effect of overlapping for a broad sample of European stocks. We find that the overlapping bias is non‐negligible, contrary to what seems to be the general opinion.
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A Note on the Impact of Portfolio Overlapping in Tests of the Fama and French Three-Factor Model
2012Co-Authors: Martin Wallmeier, Kathrin TauscherAbstract:In the Three-Factor Model of Fama and French (1993), portfolio returns are explained by the factors Small Minus Big (SMB) and High Minus Low (HML) which capture returns related to firm capitalization (size) and the book-to-market ratio (B/M). In the standard approach of the Model, both the test portfolios and the factor portfolios SMB and HML are formed on the basis of size and B/M. This gives rise to a potential overlapping bias in the time-series regressions. Based on a resampling method and the split sample approach already proposed by Fama and French (1993), we provide an in-depth analysis of the effect of overlapping for a broad sample of European stocks. We find that the overlapping bias is non-negligible, contrary to what seems to be general opinion. As a consequence, the standard approach of applying the Three-Factor Model tends to overestimate the ability of the Model to explain the cross-section of stock returns.
Adrian Raine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Three-Factor Model of schizotypal personality: invariance across age and gender
Personality and Individual Differences, 2003Co-Authors: Andrea Fossati, Adrian Raine, Ilaria Carretta, Barbara Leonardi, Cesare MaffeiAbstract:Abstract Three factors are hypothesized to underlie schizotypal personality in the general population, but few data are currently available concerning its invariance across age and gender. This study tests the hypothesis that this Three-Factor structure is invariant across both age and gender. The Italian translation of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) was administered to a sample of 929 Italian high school students aged 16 years, and to a sample of 803 Italian university students aged 22 years. The two samples differed by age, but were balanced on gender. Principal component analyses confirmed the Three-Factor Model of cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized features. Younger subjects had higher SPQ scores than older subjects. Females were characterized by higher scores on ideas of reference and excessive social anxiety, while males scored higher on no close friends, constricted affect, and odd behavior. As a whole, these results indicate that the Three-Factor Model of schizotypal personality is invariant across age and gender, and encourage investigation of the differential correlates of these factors to better understand the mechanisms underlying schizotypal personality. The results of this study also support prior findings of gender differences in schizotypy scores.
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Three-Factor Model of Schizotypal Personality: Invariance Across Culture, Gender, Religious Affiliation, Family Adversity, and Psychopathology
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2000Co-Authors: Chandra A. Reynolds, Adrian Raine, Kjetil Mellingen, Peter H. Venables, Sarnoff A. MednickAbstract:Whilst the syndrome approach to schizotypy has recently demonstrated differential correlates of a Three-Factor Model of schizotypal personality, variations in the nature of these factors question a basic assumption of this approach. This study tested competing Models of the factor structure of schizotypal personality using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) in a sample of 1,201 Mauritians. Factor invariance across gender, ethnicity, family adversity, and religion and across a psychopathologically select group was also assessed. Results suggest that a Three-Factor Model, Cognitive-Perceptual Deficits, Interpersonal Deficits, and Disorganization, underlies individual differences across widely varying groups. Other competing Three-Factor schizotypal personality Models did not fit the data better. It is argued that the Three-Factor Disorganized Model is a well-replicated Model of DSM schizotypal personality in community samples but possibly not in some clinical samples.
