The Experts below are selected from a list of 21336 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jiayang Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lazy1 controls rice shoot gravitropism through regulating polar auxin transport
Cell Research, 2007Co-Authors: Peijin Li, Qian Qian, Yonghong Wang, Zhiming Fu, Mei Wang, Dali Zeng, Baohua Li, Xiujie Wang, Jiayang LiAbstract:Tiller angle of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait that contributes to grain production, and has long attracted attentions of breeders for achieving ideal plant architecture to improve grain yield. Although enormous efforts have been made over the past decades to study mutants with extremely spreading or compact Tillers, the molecular mechanism underlying the control of tiller angle of cereal crops remains unknown. Here we report the cloning of the LAZY1 (LA1) gene that regulates shoot gravitropism by which the rice tiller angle is controlled. We show that LA1, a novel grass-specific gene, is temporally and spatially expressed, and plays a negative role in polar auxin transport (PAT). Loss-of-function of LA1 enhances PAT greatly and thus alters the endogenous IAA distribution in shoots, leading to the reduced gravitropism, and therefore the tiller-spreading phenotype of rice plants.
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lazy1 controls rice shoot gravitropism through regulating polar auxin transport
Cell Research, 2007Co-Authors: Peijin Li, Qian Qian, Yonghong Wang, Zhiming Fu, Mei Wang, Dali Zeng, Baohua Li, Xiujie Wang, Jiayang LiAbstract:Top of pageAbstract Tiller angle of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait that contributes to grain production, and has long attracted attentions of breeders for achieving ideal plant architecture to improve grain yield. Although enormous efforts have been made over the past decades to study mutants with extremely spreading or compact Tillers, the molecular mechanism underlying the control of tiller angle of cereal crops remains unknown. Here we report the cloning of the LAZY1 (LA1) gene that regulates shoot gravitropism by which the rice tiller angle is controlled. We show that LA1, a novel grass-specific gene, is temporally and spatially expressed, and plays a negative role in polar auxin transport (PAT). Loss-of-function of LA1 enhances PAT greatly and thus alters the endogenous IAA distribution in shoots, leading to the reduced gravitropism, and therefore the tiller-spreading phenotype of rice plants. Keywords: LAZY1; gravitropism; auxin transport; tiller angle; plant architecture; Oryza sativa L.
Dali Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lazy1 controls rice shoot gravitropism through regulating polar auxin transport
Cell Research, 2007Co-Authors: Peijin Li, Qian Qian, Yonghong Wang, Zhiming Fu, Mei Wang, Dali Zeng, Baohua Li, Xiujie Wang, Jiayang LiAbstract:Tiller angle of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait that contributes to grain production, and has long attracted attentions of breeders for achieving ideal plant architecture to improve grain yield. Although enormous efforts have been made over the past decades to study mutants with extremely spreading or compact Tillers, the molecular mechanism underlying the control of tiller angle of cereal crops remains unknown. Here we report the cloning of the LAZY1 (LA1) gene that regulates shoot gravitropism by which the rice tiller angle is controlled. We show that LA1, a novel grass-specific gene, is temporally and spatially expressed, and plays a negative role in polar auxin transport (PAT). Loss-of-function of LA1 enhances PAT greatly and thus alters the endogenous IAA distribution in shoots, leading to the reduced gravitropism, and therefore the tiller-spreading phenotype of rice plants.
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lazy1 controls rice shoot gravitropism through regulating polar auxin transport
Cell Research, 2007Co-Authors: Peijin Li, Qian Qian, Yonghong Wang, Zhiming Fu, Mei Wang, Dali Zeng, Baohua Li, Xiujie Wang, Jiayang LiAbstract:Top of pageAbstract Tiller angle of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait that contributes to grain production, and has long attracted attentions of breeders for achieving ideal plant architecture to improve grain yield. Although enormous efforts have been made over the past decades to study mutants with extremely spreading or compact Tillers, the molecular mechanism underlying the control of tiller angle of cereal crops remains unknown. Here we report the cloning of the LAZY1 (LA1) gene that regulates shoot gravitropism by which the rice tiller angle is controlled. We show that LA1, a novel grass-specific gene, is temporally and spatially expressed, and plays a negative role in polar auxin transport (PAT). Loss-of-function of LA1 enhances PAT greatly and thus alters the endogenous IAA distribution in shoots, leading to the reduced gravitropism, and therefore the tiller-spreading phenotype of rice plants. Keywords: LAZY1; gravitropism; auxin transport; tiller angle; plant architecture; Oryza sativa L.
C Matthew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is there a tiller morphology ideotype for yield differences in perennial ryegrass lolium perenne l
Grass and Forage Science, 2017Co-Authors: W M Griffiths, C Matthew, J M Lee, D F ChapmanAbstract:The objectives of this study were to measure the variability in ‘realized’ tiller morphology and identify whether there are emergent generalizations about a tiller ideotype for productivity or survival. Morphological traits during the vegetative growth stage were measured for 2 years in the field for eight perennial ryegrass cultivars: six diploid and two tetraploid cultivars under low and high nitrogen fertilizer (50 and 225 kg N ha−1 year−1 respectively). Traits measured were lamina width, length and area; pseudo-stem length and diameter; an index of tiller shape; tiller dry weight; tiller density; and herbage mass. Almost all the traits differed significantly between cultivars and significant correlations were found between the 2 years. Principal component analysis identified that tiller morphology and dry-matter yield were independent. No trait associations indicating alternative cultivar-specific tiller morphologies were detected but cultivars differed in tiller size. The patterns of change between the 2 years indicated a possible morphological trajectory as swards age. The genetic compensatory relationship between tiller size and density had a 1:1 slope, indicative of constant yield. This implies that larger Tillers would be more leafy, and higher leafiness of tetraploid over diploid cultivars was confirmed by the leaf:non-leaf ratio and tiller shape index.
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distribution of current photosynthate in two guinea grass panicum maximum jacq cultivars
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2006Co-Authors: Louis J Irving, D D Carvalho, Roberta Aparecida Carnevalli, J Hodgson, C MatthewAbstract:In a glasshouse experiment, different tiller categories (main, young primary, and old primary) of two Guinea grass cultivars, Mombac xa and Tanzania, were 14 C- labelled to investigate C translocation between Tillers. In both cultivars, young primary Tillers retained less radiocarbon (79%) than main (86%) and old primary (87%) labelled Tillers, suggesting that the photo- synthetic capacity of the young Tillers exceeds their capacity either to store or use that photosynthate for growth and maintenance. In cv. Tanzania the old pri- mary Tillers translocated more photoassimilate to their daughter Tillers and to the rest of the plant than cv. Mombac xa, suggesting either higher vascular connec- tivity between Tillers or stronger diurnal fluctuations in sink-source balance in Tanzania than Mombac xa. For unlabelled Tillers, specific activities were almost always higher in roots than in shoots, although total radiocarbon uptake by roots was reduced in younger Tillers with low root mass. Where young primary Tillers were labelled, the largest single repository of exported photoassimilate was the main tiller roots, indicating that daughter Tillers may make an important contribu- tion to the maintenance of older roots on mature Tillers.
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tiller dynamics of perennial ryegrass cultivars derived from different new zealand ecotypes effects of cultivar season nitrogen fertiliser and irrigation
Crop & Pasture Science, 2003Co-Authors: I Bahmani, C Matthew, E R Thom, R J Hooper, G LemaireAbstract:A field study was made of the tiller dynamics of the New Zealand perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars Grasslands Ruanui, selected from a Hawke's Bay ecotype, and Ellett, selected from the Mangere ecotype. The work tested whether nitrogen (N) fertiliser or irrigation (Irr) could manipulate the persistence strategies of these morphologically distinct perennial ryegrass ecotypes, represented by these cultivars. Tiller births and deaths, and tiller survival, were monitored over 2 years, under rotational grazing by dairy cows. Patterns of cultivar tiller birth and death were similar. Much of the temporal change in tiller population density was shown to be a response to increasing or decreasing herbage mass associated with seasonal feed surplus or deficit. The probability of tiller survival between observation dates varied markedly with date, and was lowest in autumn. The cultivar effect on tiller survival was small but a significant (P < 0.05) cultivar × date interaction was detected, with survival probability for Ellett tending to be higher than for Grasslands Ruanui in March–April 1997 but lower from July 1997 until March 1998. A cohort effect on tiller survival was also identified, in that Tillers formed in January, July, and August 1997 had lower survival probability than those formed at other times. N-treated plots produced 34% more Tillers than did untreated plots, and irrigation had no effect on overall tiller density. N and Irr treatments had variable effects on tiller survival. Size density compensation theory and analysis of survival probability are introduced to aid the interpretation of tiller dynamics data.
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tiller axis observations for perennial ryegrass lolium perenne and tall fescue festuca arundinacea number of active phytomers probability of tiller appearance and frequency of root appearance per phytomer for three cutting heights
New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 1998Co-Authors: J Z Yang, C Matthew, R E RowlandAbstract:Abstract Counts of phytomers in various developmental stages from formation at the apical meristem to senescence following root formation and death are presented for perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. Total number of active phytomers on tiller axes averaged 18.7 for perennial ryegrass and 16.3 for tall fescue (P < 0.05) and decreased with increasing cutting height (P < 0.05). Ryegrass maintained more primordia than tall fescue between the apical meristem and the emerging leaf, but had fewer fully emerged live leaves per tiller. Numbers of Tillers and roots formed per phytomer are reported as nodal probabilities and nodal frequencies, respectively. The nodal probability of daughter tiller formation Tn varied over time from 0 to 0.7, and was highest when swards had a low leaf area index shortly after establishment. Nodal frequency of root formation Rn was relatively constant at around 1.5 per phytomer for both ryegrass and tall fescue. The first root was most commonly found at the phytomer immediately belo...
Peijin Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lazy1 controls rice shoot gravitropism through regulating polar auxin transport
Cell Research, 2007Co-Authors: Peijin Li, Qian Qian, Yonghong Wang, Zhiming Fu, Mei Wang, Dali Zeng, Baohua Li, Xiujie Wang, Jiayang LiAbstract:Tiller angle of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait that contributes to grain production, and has long attracted attentions of breeders for achieving ideal plant architecture to improve grain yield. Although enormous efforts have been made over the past decades to study mutants with extremely spreading or compact Tillers, the molecular mechanism underlying the control of tiller angle of cereal crops remains unknown. Here we report the cloning of the LAZY1 (LA1) gene that regulates shoot gravitropism by which the rice tiller angle is controlled. We show that LA1, a novel grass-specific gene, is temporally and spatially expressed, and plays a negative role in polar auxin transport (PAT). Loss-of-function of LA1 enhances PAT greatly and thus alters the endogenous IAA distribution in shoots, leading to the reduced gravitropism, and therefore the tiller-spreading phenotype of rice plants.
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lazy1 controls rice shoot gravitropism through regulating polar auxin transport
Cell Research, 2007Co-Authors: Peijin Li, Qian Qian, Yonghong Wang, Zhiming Fu, Mei Wang, Dali Zeng, Baohua Li, Xiujie Wang, Jiayang LiAbstract:Top of pageAbstract Tiller angle of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait that contributes to grain production, and has long attracted attentions of breeders for achieving ideal plant architecture to improve grain yield. Although enormous efforts have been made over the past decades to study mutants with extremely spreading or compact Tillers, the molecular mechanism underlying the control of tiller angle of cereal crops remains unknown. Here we report the cloning of the LAZY1 (LA1) gene that regulates shoot gravitropism by which the rice tiller angle is controlled. We show that LA1, a novel grass-specific gene, is temporally and spatially expressed, and plays a negative role in polar auxin transport (PAT). Loss-of-function of LA1 enhances PAT greatly and thus alters the endogenous IAA distribution in shoots, leading to the reduced gravitropism, and therefore the tiller-spreading phenotype of rice plants. Keywords: LAZY1; gravitropism; auxin transport; tiller angle; plant architecture; Oryza sativa L.
Joyce M Ruckle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tiller production in cocksfoot dactylis glomerata and tall fescue festuca arundinacea growing along a light gradient
Grass and Forage Science, 2011Co-Authors: D. P. Belesky, David M Burner, Joyce M RuckleAbstract:Pasture managers seek to balance leaf appearance with utilization to sustain sward productivity while meeting livestock nutritional needs. Achieving this in silvopasture must account for the influence of light and defoliation on tillering. We determined tiller production, as a function of light availability and clipping height, for two forage grasses adapted to cool, humid temperate conditions of the Appalachian region of the USA. Tiller production of cocksfoot (orchard grass) (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was greatest in unshaded and least in shaded sites, irrespective of residual clipping height. Juvenile plants produced more than twice as many Tillers as mature plants, with differences accentuated by site, reflecting a shift in reproductive and resource-use strategies. Trends in tiller production were as follows: cocksfoot > tall fescue; 10-cm > 5-cm residual clipping height; and unshaded > partially shaded > densely shaded sites. Tiller production reaches maximum earlier in the woodlot site, regardless of species or clipping height, than at the unshaded site. Plants at the wooded site extended leaves quickly, sustaining herbage production, but had less non-structural carbohydrate and fewer Tillers. Cocksfoot, but not tall fescue, sustained leaf and tiller production in the shaded sites, suggesting that cocksfoot is suited for use in silvopasture in this region.
