The Experts below are selected from a list of 48726 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Guido Sauter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prognostic value of microvessel density in prostate cancer a Tissue Microarray study
World Journal of Urology, 2010Co-Authors: Andreas Erbersdobler, Guido Sauter, Hendrik Isbarn, Isabel Steiner, Thorsten Schlomm, Martina Mirlacher, Alexander HaeseAbstract:Angiogenesis is an important part in tumor progression and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) has proven a prognostic factor in several solid tumors. However, its value in prostate cancer is still unclear, especially in small biopsy samples. We evaluated the prognostic potential of MVD in a large, homogeneous cohort of prostate cancers and its correlation with other pathologic parameters. We used a Tissue Microarray (TMA) containing samples of 3,261 prostatectomy specimens from patients with prostate cancer. MVD was determined by counting vessels in a blinded fashion after immunohistochemical staining with an antibody against CD31. The results were compared with pre- and postoperative clinical and pathological parameters and clinical follow-up data. MVD was higher in TMA spots containing cancer as compared to benign Tissue (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation of MVD with preoperative parameters, but with pathological T-classification and Gleason score (P < 0.001, each) of the prostatectomy specimens. Furthermore, a higher MVD correlated with tumor location in the peripheral zone (P = 0.01). Follow-up data were available for 1,521 patients. In a univariable analysis, an MVD of ≥36 per spot was a significant predictor of PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy (P = 0.03). However, it failed to provide an independent prognostic factor when combined with standard predictors in a multivariable analysis. MVD in prostate cancer is closely related to other factors contributing to tumor aggressiveness. However, the implementation of this parameter into routinely performed pathological reports does not seem to be warranted.
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hepatocyte paraffin 1 expression in human normal and neoplastic Tissues Tissue Microarray analysis on 3 940 Tissue samples
American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2004Co-Authors: Alessandro Lugli, Guido Sauter, Luigi Tornillo, Martina Mirlacher, Marcel Bundi, Luigi TerraccianoAbstract:: Hepatocyte paraffin 1 (Hep Par 1) is a monoclonal antibody developed from hepatic Tissue from a failed liver allograft. Several studies have shown that Hep Par 1 is a useful marker to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other types of adenocarcinoma metastatic to the liver. The aim of our study was the systematic investigation of the epidemiology of Hep Par 1 expression in 3,940 Tissue samples using the Tissue Microarray technique. Strong Hep Par 1 expression was found most frequently in 35 (73%) of 48 HCCs. In nonhepatic tumors, strong Hep Par 1 expression was detected in adenocarcinoma of the lung (2/50), gallbladder (3/31), pancreas (2/48), stomach (3/74), small intestine (1/11), adenoma of the colon with high-grade dysplasia (1/49), adrenal gland carcinoma (1/6), paraganglioma (1/9), and malignant melanoma (2/48). Our data suggest that Hep Par 1 is a highly specific marker for HCC, although several nonhepatic tumors occasionally can show some Hep Par 1 positivity.
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Tissue Microarray tma technology miniaturized pathology archives for high throughput in situ studies
The Journal of Pathology, 2001Co-Authors: Lukas Bubendorf, Holger Moch, Antonio Nocito, Guido SauterAbstract:Tissue Microarray (TMA) technology allows a massive acceleration of studies correlating molecular in situ findings with clinico-pathological information. In this technique, cylindrical Tissue samples are taken from up to 1000 different archival Tissue blocks and subsequently placed into one empty ‘recipient’ paraffin block. Sections from TMA blocks can be used for all different types of in situ Tissue analyses including immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Multiple studies have demonstrated that findings obtained on TMAs are highly representative of their donor Tissues, despite the small size of the individual specimens (diameter 0.6 mm). It is anticipated that TMAs will soon become a widely used tool for all types of Tissue-based research. The availability of TMAs containing highly characterized Tissues will enable every researcher to perform studies involving thousands of tumours rapidly. Therefore, TMAs will lead to a significant acceleration of the transition of basic research findings into clinical applications. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Tissue Microarray technology for high throughput molecular profiling of cancer
Human Molecular Genetics, 2001Co-Authors: Ollip Kallioniemi, Urs Wagner, Juha Kononen, Guido SauterAbstract:Tissue Microarray (TMA) technology allows rapid visualization of molecular targets in thousands of Tissue specimens at a time, either at the DNA, RNA or protein level. The technique facilitates rapid translation of molecular discoveries to clinical applications. By revealing the cellular localization, prevalence and clinical significance of candidate genes, TMAs are ideally suitable for genomics-based diagnostic and drug target discovery. TMAs have a number of advantages compared with conventional techniques. The speed of molecular analyses is increased by more than 100-fold, precious Tissues are not destroyed and a very large number of molecular targets can be analyzed from consecutive TMA sections. The ability to study archival Tissue specimens is an important advantage as such specimens are usually not applicable in other high-throughput genomic and proteomic surveys. Construction and analysis of TMAs can be automated, increasing the throughput even further. Most of the applications of the TMA technology have come from the field of cancer research. Examples include analysis of the frequency of molecular alterations in large tumor materials, exploration of tumor progression, identification of predictive or prognostic factors and validation of newly discovered genes as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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detecting activation of ribosomal protein s6 kinase by complementary dna and Tissue Microarray analysis
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2000Co-Authors: Maarit Barlund, Juha Kononen, Farahnaz Forozan, Lukas Bubendorf, Yidong Chen, Michael L Bittner, J Torhorst, Philippe Haas, Christoph Bucher, Guido SauterAbstract:Background: Studies by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) have shown that chromosomal region 17q23 is amplified in up to 20% of primary breast cancers. We used Microarray analyses to measure the expression levels of genes in this region and to explore their prognostic importance. Methods: A Microarray that contained 4209 complementary DNA (cDNA) clones was used to identify genes that are overexpressed in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line as compared with normal mammary Tissue. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to analyze the copy number of one overexpressed gene, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), and to localize it to the 17q23 region. Northern and western blot analyses were used to measure S6K gene and protein expression, and an enzymatic assay was used to measure S6K activity. Tumor Tissue Microarray analysis was used to study amplification of S6K and the HER-2 oncogene, another 17q-linked gene, and the relationship between amplification and prognosis was analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for data analysis, and the log-rank test was used for statistical analysis. All P values are two-sided. Results: S6K was amplified and highly overexpressed in MCF-7 cells relative to normal mammary epithelium, and protein expression and enzyme activity were increased. S6K was amplified in 59 (8.8%) of 668 primary breast tumors, and a statistically significant association between amplification and poor prognosis (P =.0021) was observed. Amplification of both S6K and HER-2 implied particularly poor survival (P =.0001). Conclusions: The combination of CGH information with cDNA and Tissue Microarray analyses can be used to identify amplified and overexpressed genes and to evaluate the clinical implications of such genes and genomic rearrangements. S6K is likely to be one of the genes at 17q23 that is amplified during oncogenesis and may adversely affect the prognosis of patients with this amplification.
Hartmut Knonagel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high throughput Tissue Microarray analysis of 11q13 gene amplification ccnd1 fgf3 fgf4 ems1 in urinary bladder cancer
The Journal of Pathology, 2003Co-Authors: Boriana M Zaharieva, Daniel Ackermann, Robert Maurer, Goran Alund, Hartmut Knonagel, Ronald Simon, Pierreandre Diener, Marcus Rist, Kim Wilber, Franz HeringAbstract:Gene amplification is a common mechanism for oncogene overexpression. High-level amplifications at 11q13 have been repeatedly found in bladder cancer by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and other techniques. Putitative candidate oncogenes located in this region are CCND1 (PRAD1, bcl-1), EMS1, FGF3 (Int-2), and FGF4 (hst1, hstf1). To evaluate the involvement of these genes in bladder cancer, a Tissue Microarray (TMA) containing 2317 samples was screened by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The frequency of gains and amplifications of all genes increased significantly from stage pTa to pT1–4 and from low to high grade. In addition, amplification was associated with patient survival and progression of pT1 tumours. Among 123 tumours with amplifications, 68.3% showed amplification of all four genes; 19.5% amplification of CCND1, FGF4, and FGF3; and 0.8% co-amplification of FGF4, FGF3, and EMS1. Amplification of CCND1 alone was found in 9% of the tumours, while EMS1 alone was amplified in 1.6% and FGF4 in 0.8%. Overall, the amplification frequency decreased with increasing genomic distance from CCND1, suggesting that, among the genes examined, CCND1 is the major target gene in the 11q13 amplicon in bladder cancer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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high throughput Tissue Microarray analysis of 3p25 raf1 and 8p12 fgfr1 copy number alterations in urinary bladder cancer
Cancer Research, 2001Co-Authors: Ronald Simon, Jan Richter, Urs Wagner, Andre Fijan, James Bruderer, Ulrico Schmid, Daniel Ackermann, Robert Maurer, Goran Alund, Hartmut KnonagelAbstract:Studies by comparative genomic hybridization revealed that the chromosomal regions 3p25 and 8p11-p12 are recurrently amplified in bladder cancer. To investigate the prevalence of DNA copy number alterations in these chromosomal regions and study their clinical significance, we used probes for the RAF1 (3p25) and FGFR1 (8p12) genes for fluorescence in situ hybridization. A Tissue Microarray containing 2317 tumors was analyzed. The analysis revealed RAF1 amplification in 4.0% and FGFR1 amplification in 3.4% of interpretable tumors. In addition, deletions were found at the 3p25 locus in 2.2% and at the 8p11–12 locus in 9.9% of interpretable tumors. Both amplifications and deletions of RAF1 and FGFR1 were significantly associated with high tumor grade ( P < 0.0001), advanced stage ( P < 0.0001), and poor survival ( P < 0.05) if tumors of all of the stages where analyzed together. RAF1 amplifications were associated with subsequent tumor progression in pT1 carcinomas ( P < 0.05). The marked differences in the frequency of all of the analyzed changes between pTa grade 1/grade 2 and pT1–4 carcinomas support the concept of these tumor groups representing different tumor entities.
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high throughput Tissue Microarray analysis of cyclin e gene amplification and overexpression in urinary bladder cancer
American Journal of Pathology, 2000Co-Authors: Jan Richter, Urs Wagner, Juha Kononen, Andre Fijan, James Bruderer, Ulrico Schmid, Daniel Ackermann, Robert Maurer, Goran Alund, Hartmut KnonagelAbstract:Studies by comparative genomic hybridization revealed that the 19q13 chromosomal region is frequently amplified in bladder cancer. The cyclin E gene (CCNE), coding for a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, has been mapped to 19q13. To investigate the role of cyclin E alterations in bladder cancer, a Tissue Microarray of 2,317 specimens from 1,842 bladder cancer patients was constructed and analyzed for CCNE amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and for cyclin-E protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed amplification in only 30 of the 1,561 evaluable tumors (1.9%). Amplification was significantly associated with stage and grade (P 1,500 arrayed bladder cancers was accomplished in a period of 2 weeks, illustrating how the Tissue Microarray technology remarkably facilitates the evaluation of the clinical relevance of molecular alterations in cancer.
Luciano Milanesi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TMAinspect, an EGEE Framework for Tissue Microarray Image Handling
2008 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGRID), 2008Co-Authors: Antonella Galizia, Federica Viti, Ivan Merelli, Luciano Milanesi, Alessandro Orro, Daniele D'agostino, Andrea ClematisAbstract:The merging between molecular biology and computer science is becoming a key point in knowledge discovery, in particular when huge amount of data coming from different laboratories need to be integrated and analyzed. For example Tissue Microarray (TMA) is a high throughput technology that allows researchers to analyze several Tissue samples in a parallel way. TMA is a good validation method of researcher's hypothesis about pathological Tissue morphology and biomarkers evaluation. In this context, the Grid technology is a good opportunity to share data and solve intensive storage and computing problems. However, the exploitation of the Grid is not a trivial pursuit for many users. Nowadays, an important issue is to provide a simplified use of Grid resources, enabling the use of tools that scientists usually employ. In this paper, we present TMAinspect, a Web based system for Tissue Microarray experiment analysis that provides to not expert users a graphical interface to search for TMA images and to efficiently process them in EGEE. For the image elaboration we use PIMA(GE)2 Lib, the Parallel IMAGE processing GEnoa Library.
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ontology based Tissue Microarray oriented image centered Tissue bank
BMC Bioinformatics, 2008Co-Authors: Federica Viti, Ivan Merelli, Andrea Caprera, Barbara Lazzari, Alessandra Stella, Luciano MilanesiAbstract:Background Tissue Microarray technique is becoming increasingly important in pathology for the validation of experimental data from transcriptomic analysis. This approach produces many images which need to be properly managed, if possible with an infrastructure able to support Tissue sharing between institutes. Moreover, the available frameworks oriented to Tissue Microarray provide good storage for clinical patient, sample treatment and block construction information, but their utility is limited by the lack of data integration with biomolecular information.
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Ontology-based, Tissue Microarray oriented, image centered Tissue bank.
BMC bioinformatics, 2008Co-Authors: Federica Viti, Ivan Merelli, Andrea Caprera, Barbara Lazzari, Alessandra Stella, Luciano MilanesiAbstract:Tissue Microarray technique is becoming increasingly important in pathology for the validation of experimental data from transcriptomic analysis. This approach produces many images which need to be properly managed, if possible with an infrastructure able to support Tissue sharing between institutes. Moreover, the available frameworks oriented to Tissue Microarray provide good storage for clinical patient, sample treatment and block construction information, but their utility is limited by the lack of data integration with biomolecular information. In this work we propose a Tissue Microarray web oriented system to support researchers in managing bio-samples and, through the use of ontologies, enables Tissue sharing aimed at the design of Tissue Microarray experiments and results evaluation. Indeed, our system provides ontological description both for pre-analysis Tissue images and for post-process analysis image results, which is crucial for information exchange. Moreover, working on well-defined terms it is then possible to query web resources for literature articles to integrate both pathology and bioinformatics data. Using this system, users associate an ontology-based description to each image uploaded into the database and also integrate results with the ontological description of biosequences identified in every Tissue. Moreover, it is possible to integrate the ontological description provided by the user with a full compliant gene ontology definition, enabling statistical studies about correlation between the analyzed pathology and the most commonly related biological processes.
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Ontology-based, Tissue Microarray oriented, image centered Tissue bank
BMC Bioinformatics, 2008Co-Authors: Federica Viti, Ivan Merelli, Andrea Caprera, Barbara Lazzari, Alessandra Stella, Luciano MilanesiAbstract:Abstract Background Tissue Microarray technique is becoming increasingly important in pathology for the validation of experimental data from transcriptomic analysis. This approach produces many images which need to be properly managed, if possible with an infrastructure able to support Tissue sharing between institutes. Moreover, the available frameworks oriented to Tissue Microarray provide good storage for clinical patient, sample treatment and block construction information, but their utility is limited by the lack of data integration with biomolecular information. Results In this work we propose a Tissue Microarray web oriented system to support researchers in managing bio-samples and, through the use of ontologies, enables Tissue sharing aimed at the design of Tissue Microarray experiments and results evaluation. Indeed, our system provides ontological description both for pre-analysis Tissue images and for post-process analysis image results, which is crucial for information exchange. Moreover, working on well-defined terms it is then possible to query web resources for literature articles to integrate both pathology and bioinformatics data. Conclusions Using this system, users associate an ontology-based description to each image uploaded into the database and also integrate results with the ontological description of biosequences identified in every Tissue. Moreover, it is possible to integrate the ontological description provided by the user with a full compliant gene ontology definition, enabling statistical studies about correlation between the analyzed pathology and the most commonly related biological processes.
Goran Alund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high throughput Tissue Microarray analysis of 11q13 gene amplification ccnd1 fgf3 fgf4 ems1 in urinary bladder cancer
The Journal of Pathology, 2003Co-Authors: Boriana M Zaharieva, Daniel Ackermann, Robert Maurer, Goran Alund, Hartmut Knonagel, Ronald Simon, Pierreandre Diener, Marcus Rist, Kim Wilber, Franz HeringAbstract:Gene amplification is a common mechanism for oncogene overexpression. High-level amplifications at 11q13 have been repeatedly found in bladder cancer by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and other techniques. Putitative candidate oncogenes located in this region are CCND1 (PRAD1, bcl-1), EMS1, FGF3 (Int-2), and FGF4 (hst1, hstf1). To evaluate the involvement of these genes in bladder cancer, a Tissue Microarray (TMA) containing 2317 samples was screened by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The frequency of gains and amplifications of all genes increased significantly from stage pTa to pT1–4 and from low to high grade. In addition, amplification was associated with patient survival and progression of pT1 tumours. Among 123 tumours with amplifications, 68.3% showed amplification of all four genes; 19.5% amplification of CCND1, FGF4, and FGF3; and 0.8% co-amplification of FGF4, FGF3, and EMS1. Amplification of CCND1 alone was found in 9% of the tumours, while EMS1 alone was amplified in 1.6% and FGF4 in 0.8%. Overall, the amplification frequency decreased with increasing genomic distance from CCND1, suggesting that, among the genes examined, CCND1 is the major target gene in the 11q13 amplicon in bladder cancer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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high throughput Tissue Microarray analysis of 3p25 raf1 and 8p12 fgfr1 copy number alterations in urinary bladder cancer
Cancer Research, 2001Co-Authors: Ronald Simon, Jan Richter, Urs Wagner, Andre Fijan, James Bruderer, Ulrico Schmid, Daniel Ackermann, Robert Maurer, Goran Alund, Hartmut KnonagelAbstract:Studies by comparative genomic hybridization revealed that the chromosomal regions 3p25 and 8p11-p12 are recurrently amplified in bladder cancer. To investigate the prevalence of DNA copy number alterations in these chromosomal regions and study their clinical significance, we used probes for the RAF1 (3p25) and FGFR1 (8p12) genes for fluorescence in situ hybridization. A Tissue Microarray containing 2317 tumors was analyzed. The analysis revealed RAF1 amplification in 4.0% and FGFR1 amplification in 3.4% of interpretable tumors. In addition, deletions were found at the 3p25 locus in 2.2% and at the 8p11–12 locus in 9.9% of interpretable tumors. Both amplifications and deletions of RAF1 and FGFR1 were significantly associated with high tumor grade ( P < 0.0001), advanced stage ( P < 0.0001), and poor survival ( P < 0.05) if tumors of all of the stages where analyzed together. RAF1 amplifications were associated with subsequent tumor progression in pT1 carcinomas ( P < 0.05). The marked differences in the frequency of all of the analyzed changes between pTa grade 1/grade 2 and pT1–4 carcinomas support the concept of these tumor groups representing different tumor entities.
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high throughput Tissue Microarray analysis of cyclin e gene amplification and overexpression in urinary bladder cancer
American Journal of Pathology, 2000Co-Authors: Jan Richter, Urs Wagner, Juha Kononen, Andre Fijan, James Bruderer, Ulrico Schmid, Daniel Ackermann, Robert Maurer, Goran Alund, Hartmut KnonagelAbstract:Studies by comparative genomic hybridization revealed that the 19q13 chromosomal region is frequently amplified in bladder cancer. The cyclin E gene (CCNE), coding for a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, has been mapped to 19q13. To investigate the role of cyclin E alterations in bladder cancer, a Tissue Microarray of 2,317 specimens from 1,842 bladder cancer patients was constructed and analyzed for CCNE amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and for cyclin-E protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed amplification in only 30 of the 1,561 evaluable tumors (1.9%). Amplification was significantly associated with stage and grade (P 1,500 arrayed bladder cancers was accomplished in a period of 2 weeks, illustrating how the Tissue Microarray technology remarkably facilitates the evaluation of the clinical relevance of molecular alterations in cancer.
Daniel Ackermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high throughput Tissue Microarray analysis of 11q13 gene amplification ccnd1 fgf3 fgf4 ems1 in urinary bladder cancer
The Journal of Pathology, 2003Co-Authors: Boriana M Zaharieva, Daniel Ackermann, Robert Maurer, Goran Alund, Hartmut Knonagel, Ronald Simon, Pierreandre Diener, Marcus Rist, Kim Wilber, Franz HeringAbstract:Gene amplification is a common mechanism for oncogene overexpression. High-level amplifications at 11q13 have been repeatedly found in bladder cancer by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and other techniques. Putitative candidate oncogenes located in this region are CCND1 (PRAD1, bcl-1), EMS1, FGF3 (Int-2), and FGF4 (hst1, hstf1). To evaluate the involvement of these genes in bladder cancer, a Tissue Microarray (TMA) containing 2317 samples was screened by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The frequency of gains and amplifications of all genes increased significantly from stage pTa to pT1–4 and from low to high grade. In addition, amplification was associated with patient survival and progression of pT1 tumours. Among 123 tumours with amplifications, 68.3% showed amplification of all four genes; 19.5% amplification of CCND1, FGF4, and FGF3; and 0.8% co-amplification of FGF4, FGF3, and EMS1. Amplification of CCND1 alone was found in 9% of the tumours, while EMS1 alone was amplified in 1.6% and FGF4 in 0.8%. Overall, the amplification frequency decreased with increasing genomic distance from CCND1, suggesting that, among the genes examined, CCND1 is the major target gene in the 11q13 amplicon in bladder cancer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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high throughput Tissue Microarray analysis of 3p25 raf1 and 8p12 fgfr1 copy number alterations in urinary bladder cancer
Cancer Research, 2001Co-Authors: Ronald Simon, Jan Richter, Urs Wagner, Andre Fijan, James Bruderer, Ulrico Schmid, Daniel Ackermann, Robert Maurer, Goran Alund, Hartmut KnonagelAbstract:Studies by comparative genomic hybridization revealed that the chromosomal regions 3p25 and 8p11-p12 are recurrently amplified in bladder cancer. To investigate the prevalence of DNA copy number alterations in these chromosomal regions and study their clinical significance, we used probes for the RAF1 (3p25) and FGFR1 (8p12) genes for fluorescence in situ hybridization. A Tissue Microarray containing 2317 tumors was analyzed. The analysis revealed RAF1 amplification in 4.0% and FGFR1 amplification in 3.4% of interpretable tumors. In addition, deletions were found at the 3p25 locus in 2.2% and at the 8p11–12 locus in 9.9% of interpretable tumors. Both amplifications and deletions of RAF1 and FGFR1 were significantly associated with high tumor grade ( P < 0.0001), advanced stage ( P < 0.0001), and poor survival ( P < 0.05) if tumors of all of the stages where analyzed together. RAF1 amplifications were associated with subsequent tumor progression in pT1 carcinomas ( P < 0.05). The marked differences in the frequency of all of the analyzed changes between pTa grade 1/grade 2 and pT1–4 carcinomas support the concept of these tumor groups representing different tumor entities.
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high throughput Tissue Microarray analysis of cyclin e gene amplification and overexpression in urinary bladder cancer
American Journal of Pathology, 2000Co-Authors: Jan Richter, Urs Wagner, Juha Kononen, Andre Fijan, James Bruderer, Ulrico Schmid, Daniel Ackermann, Robert Maurer, Goran Alund, Hartmut KnonagelAbstract:Studies by comparative genomic hybridization revealed that the 19q13 chromosomal region is frequently amplified in bladder cancer. The cyclin E gene (CCNE), coding for a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, has been mapped to 19q13. To investigate the role of cyclin E alterations in bladder cancer, a Tissue Microarray of 2,317 specimens from 1,842 bladder cancer patients was constructed and analyzed for CCNE amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and for cyclin-E protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed amplification in only 30 of the 1,561 evaluable tumors (1.9%). Amplification was significantly associated with stage and grade (P 1,500 arrayed bladder cancers was accomplished in a period of 2 weeks, illustrating how the Tissue Microarray technology remarkably facilitates the evaluation of the clinical relevance of molecular alterations in cancer.
