The Experts below are selected from a list of 3609 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Giora Keinan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The effect of psychological stress and Tolerance of Ambiguity on stereotypic attributions
Anxiety stress and coping, 1999Co-Authors: Nehemia Friedland, Giora Keinan, Talia TytiunAbstract:Recent research on the relationship between cognition and affect suggests the prediction that psychological stress encourages stereotyping. Yet the empirical evidence regarding this proposition is inconclusive. This study examined the effect of stress on the perception of illusory correlations, which comprise a particular manifestation of stereotypic attributions, and the moderating role of Tolerance of Ambiguity. It was predicted, specifically, that the effect of stress on stereotyping will be more pronounced in persons who have a low Tolerance of Ambiguity than in persons tolerating Ambiguity, who generally experience less stress. An Illusory Correlation Inventory and a Tolerance of Ambiguity scale were administered to a group of 46 Airforce cadets, during a particularly stressful phase of flight training, and to a comparable group of 39 cadets, during a relatively relaxed period in the course of training. As expected, stress heightened the tendency to stereotype. In addition, the response of participants whose Tolerance of Ambiguity is low was more stereotypic than the response of those who tolerate Ambiguity. However, the combined effect of the two independent variables was additive rather than interactive. Contrary to prediction, high Tolerance of Ambiguity did not attenuate the effect of stress on stereotyping.
-
effects of stress and Tolerance of Ambiguity on magical thinking
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1994Co-Authors: Giora KeinanAbstract:The present study investigated the relationship between psychological stress and magical thinking and the extent to which such a relationship may be moderated by individuals' Tolerance of Ambiguity. Questionnaires assessing different types of magical thinking and Tolerance of Ambiguity were administered to 174 Israeli citizens who, during the Gulf War, resided in areas that were either exposed (high-stress condition) or not exposed (low-stress condition) to missile attacks. Magical thinking emerged more frequently in Ss under high-stress conditions than in those under low-stress conditions. Furthermore, high stress levels exerted a more pronounced effect on the emergence of magical thinking in individuals with low Tolerance of Ambiguity than in those with high Tolerance
Karen Mattick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Tolerance of Ambiguity and psychological well being in medical training a systematic review
Medical Education, 2020Co-Authors: Jason Hancock, Karen MattickAbstract:Context The prevalence of stress, burnout and mental health disorders in medical students and doctors is high. It has been proposed that there may be an association between levels of Tolerance of Ambiguity (ie an ability to tolerate a lack of reliable, credible or adequate information) in clinical work and psychological well-being within this population. The aims of this systematic review were: (i) to assess the nature and extent of the literature available, in order to determine if there is an association, and (ii) to develop a conceptual model proposing possible mechanisms to underpin any association, in order to inform subsequent research. Methods MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published from inception to September 2018. Additional literature was identified by searching the reference lists of included articles, forward searches of included articles, hand searches of key journals and a grey literature search. of the 671 studies identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. A qualitative synthesis of included studies was performed. Results All 11 included studies reported an association between a lower level of Tolerance of Ambiguity or uncertainty and reduced psychological well-being. Included studies were heterogeneous in terms of population and measurement approach, and were often of low methodological quality. Subsets of items from previously developed scales were often used without sufficient consideration of the impact of new combinations of items on scale validity. Similar scales were also scored inconsistently between studies, making comparison difficult. Conclusions There appears to be an association between Tolerance of Ambiguity and psychological well-being. This provides new opportunities to understand and prevent the development of stress, burnout and mental health disorders in medical students and doctors. The conceptual model developed provides a framework for future research, which we hope will prevent wasted research effort through duplication and promote higher methodological quality.
-
Comparing Tolerance of Ambiguity in Veterinary and Medical Students
Journal of veterinary medical education, 2017Co-Authors: Jason Hancock, Jennifer Hammond, Martin Roberts, Karen MattickAbstract:Current guidelines suggest that educators in both medical and veterinary professions should do more to ensure that students can tolerate Ambiguity. Designing curricula to achieve this requires the ability to measure and understand differences in Ambiguity Tolerance among and within professional groups. Although scales have been developed to measure Tolerance of Ambiguity in both medical and veterinary professions, no comparative studies have been reported. We compared the Tolerance of Ambiguity of medical and veterinary students, hypothesizing that veterinary students would have higher Tolerance of Ambiguity, given the greater patient diversity and less well-established evidence base underpinning practice. We conducted a secondary analysis of questionnaire data from first- to fourth-year medical and veterinary students. Tolerance of Ambiguity scores were calculated and compared using the TAMSAD scale (29 items validated for the medical student population), the TAVS scale (27 items validated for the veteri...
-
Medical student and junior doctors' Tolerance of Ambiguity: development of a new scale.
Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice, 2014Co-Authors: Jason Hancock, Martin Roberts, Lynn V. Monrouxe, Karen MattickAbstract:The practice of medicine involves inherent Ambiguity, arising from limitations of knowledge, diagnostic problems, complexities of treatment and outcome and unpredictability of patient response. Research into doctors’ Tolerance of Ambiguity is hampered by poor conceptual clarity and inadequate measurement scales. We aimed to create and pilot a measurement scale for Tolerance of Ambiguity in medical students and junior doctors that addresses the limitations of existing scales. After defining Tolerance of Ambiguity, scale items were generated by literature review and expert consultation. Feedback on the draft scale was sought and incorporated. 411 medical students and 75 foundation doctors in Exeter, UK were asked to complete the scale. Psychometric analysis enabled further scale refinement and comparison of scale scores across subgroups. The pilot study achieved a 64 % response rate. The final 29 item version of the Tolerance of Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors (TAMSAD) scale had good internal reliability (Cronbach’s α 0.80). Tolerance of Ambiguity was higher in foundation year 2 doctors than first, third and fourth year medical students (−5.23, P = 0.012; −5.98, P = 0.013; −4.62, P = 0.035, for each year group respectively). The TAMSAD scale offers a valid and reliable alternative to existing scales. Further work is required in different settings and in longitudinal studies but this study offers intriguing provisional insights.
Jason Hancock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Tolerance of Ambiguity and psychological well being in medical training a systematic review
Medical Education, 2020Co-Authors: Jason Hancock, Karen MattickAbstract:Context The prevalence of stress, burnout and mental health disorders in medical students and doctors is high. It has been proposed that there may be an association between levels of Tolerance of Ambiguity (ie an ability to tolerate a lack of reliable, credible or adequate information) in clinical work and psychological well-being within this population. The aims of this systematic review were: (i) to assess the nature and extent of the literature available, in order to determine if there is an association, and (ii) to develop a conceptual model proposing possible mechanisms to underpin any association, in order to inform subsequent research. Methods MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published from inception to September 2018. Additional literature was identified by searching the reference lists of included articles, forward searches of included articles, hand searches of key journals and a grey literature search. of the 671 studies identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. A qualitative synthesis of included studies was performed. Results All 11 included studies reported an association between a lower level of Tolerance of Ambiguity or uncertainty and reduced psychological well-being. Included studies were heterogeneous in terms of population and measurement approach, and were often of low methodological quality. Subsets of items from previously developed scales were often used without sufficient consideration of the impact of new combinations of items on scale validity. Similar scales were also scored inconsistently between studies, making comparison difficult. Conclusions There appears to be an association between Tolerance of Ambiguity and psychological well-being. This provides new opportunities to understand and prevent the development of stress, burnout and mental health disorders in medical students and doctors. The conceptual model developed provides a framework for future research, which we hope will prevent wasted research effort through duplication and promote higher methodological quality.
-
Comparing Tolerance of Ambiguity in Veterinary and Medical Students
Journal of veterinary medical education, 2017Co-Authors: Jason Hancock, Jennifer Hammond, Martin Roberts, Karen MattickAbstract:Current guidelines suggest that educators in both medical and veterinary professions should do more to ensure that students can tolerate Ambiguity. Designing curricula to achieve this requires the ability to measure and understand differences in Ambiguity Tolerance among and within professional groups. Although scales have been developed to measure Tolerance of Ambiguity in both medical and veterinary professions, no comparative studies have been reported. We compared the Tolerance of Ambiguity of medical and veterinary students, hypothesizing that veterinary students would have higher Tolerance of Ambiguity, given the greater patient diversity and less well-established evidence base underpinning practice. We conducted a secondary analysis of questionnaire data from first- to fourth-year medical and veterinary students. Tolerance of Ambiguity scores were calculated and compared using the TAMSAD scale (29 items validated for the medical student population), the TAVS scale (27 items validated for the veteri...
-
Medical student and junior doctors' Tolerance of Ambiguity: development of a new scale.
Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice, 2014Co-Authors: Jason Hancock, Martin Roberts, Lynn V. Monrouxe, Karen MattickAbstract:The practice of medicine involves inherent Ambiguity, arising from limitations of knowledge, diagnostic problems, complexities of treatment and outcome and unpredictability of patient response. Research into doctors’ Tolerance of Ambiguity is hampered by poor conceptual clarity and inadequate measurement scales. We aimed to create and pilot a measurement scale for Tolerance of Ambiguity in medical students and junior doctors that addresses the limitations of existing scales. After defining Tolerance of Ambiguity, scale items were generated by literature review and expert consultation. Feedback on the draft scale was sought and incorporated. 411 medical students and 75 foundation doctors in Exeter, UK were asked to complete the scale. Psychometric analysis enabled further scale refinement and comparison of scale scores across subgroups. The pilot study achieved a 64 % response rate. The final 29 item version of the Tolerance of Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors (TAMSAD) scale had good internal reliability (Cronbach’s α 0.80). Tolerance of Ambiguity was higher in foundation year 2 doctors than first, third and fourth year medical students (−5.23, P = 0.012; −5.98, P = 0.013; −4.62, P = 0.035, for each year group respectively). The TAMSAD scale offers a valid and reliable alternative to existing scales. Further work is required in different settings and in longitudinal studies but this study offers intriguing provisional insights.
Maria Beatriz Gonzalez-sanchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The role of attitudes and Tolerance of Ambiguity in explaining consumers’ willingness to pay for organic wine
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Eloi Jorge, Ernesto Lopez-valeiras, Maria Beatriz Gonzalez-sanchezAbstract:Abstract Evidence shows that positive consumer attitudes are not always mirrored in their willingness to pay for organic wine. This study addresses this “attitude-behavior gap” by suggesting this relationship depends on consumer Tolerance of Ambiguity. A wine lab experiment was conducted along with two questionnaires. Results show that the positive influence of consumers’ healthy attitude (the belief that organic food is healthier) on their willingness to pay for organic wine is weaker in individuals less tolerant of Ambiguity. Furthermore, we found no evidence signaling that consumer Tolerance of Ambiguity had a significant effect on the link between tasty or eco-friendly attitudes and willingness to pay. These findings highlight the role of consumer Tolerance of Ambiguity in explaining organic wine purchase behaviors. Hence, these results offer suggestions to winery managers concerning marketing strategies that could potentially enhance consumer willingness to pay for organic wine.
Yi-an Hou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The Impacts of Multiple Intelligences on Tolerance of Ambiguity and English Proficiency—A Case Study of Taiwanese EFL College Students
Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 2016Co-Authors: Yi-an HouAbstract:The study was conducted to investigate how students’ multiple intelligences were related to their Tolerance of Ambiguity and English proficiency. Subjects were 173 English major students in a private university in northern Taiwan, including 49 males and 124 females. They helped to fill out questionnaires of Multiple Intelligences (MI) (Gardner, 1983) and Second Language Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale (SLTAS) (Ely, 1995). In addition, students’ English scores and English levels of Taiwan College Entrance Exam were used as their English proficiency. All available data received from the returned questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics derived from SPSS 17. The results revealed that a correlation among students’ multiple intelligences, Tolerance of Ambiguity, and their English proficiency did exist. In addition, by using t-test, findings showed that genders made a difference in students’ multiple intelligences, Tolerance of Ambiguity, and English proficiency as well. Furthermore, implications derived from the study were provided for more effective English teaching and learning.
-
the impacts of multiple intelligences on Tolerance of Ambiguity and english proficiency a case study of taiwanese efl college students
Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 2016Co-Authors: Yi-an HouAbstract:The study was conducted to investigate how students’ multiple intelligences were related to their Tolerance of Ambiguity and English proficiency. Subjects were 173 English major students in a private university in northern Taiwan, including 49 males and 124 females. They helped to fill out questionnaires of Multiple Intelligences (MI) (Gardner, 1983) and Second Language Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale (SLTAS) (Ely, 1995). In addition, students’ English scores and English levels of Taiwan College Entrance Exam were used as their English proficiency. All available data received from the returned questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics derived from SPSS 17. The results revealed that a correlation among students’ multiple intelligences, Tolerance of Ambiguity, and their English proficiency did exist. In addition, by using t-test, findings showed that genders made a difference in students’ multiple intelligences, Tolerance of Ambiguity, and English proficiency as well. Furthermore, implications derived from the study were provided for more effective English teaching and learning.