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Rafael F. Rivera-bustamante - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tomato Mottle Taino Virus pseudorecombines with PYMV but not with ToMoV: implications for the delimitation of cis- and trans-acting replication specificity determinants.
Archives of virology, 2003Co-Authors: P. L. Ramos, J. T. Ascencio-ibañez, Jane E. Polston, Gerardo R. Argüello-astorga, R. Peral, Ramón G. Guevara-gonzález, Julio Vega-arreguín, Rafael F. Rivera-bustamanteAbstract:Over the last decade, the Tomato production in Cuba has been affected by new whitefly-associated diseases. In addition to the well-documented presence of Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) along the island, the occurrence of bipartite begomoViruses has also been reported. One of them, tentatively named Tomato Mottle Taino Virus (ToMoTV), has now been cloned and characterized at the molecular level. Its genomic organization is similar to other bipartite geminiViruses. Phylogenetic analyses placed ToMoTV in a subcluster with other geminiViruses isolated in the Caribbean Basin: Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV), Bean dwarf mosaic Virus, Abutilon mosaic Virus, Sida golden mosaic Virus and Potato yellow mosaic Virus (PYMV). Biolistic inoculation of tobacco and Tomato plants with cloned viral DNA showed that ToMoTV pseudorecombines with PYMV-GP as predicted by the identity of their iterative elements, whereas it does not show the same ability with ToMoV, even when their replication-associated proteins (Rep and REn) show the highest percentage of similarity. A comparative analysis of Rep proteins from begomoViruses that are able to produce viable reassortants suggests that some key elements for Virus replication specificity are located in the first ten amino acids of this protein.
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Macroptilium yellow mosaic Virus, a New BegomoVirus Infecting Macroptilium lathyroides in Cuba
Plant disease, 2002Co-Authors: P. L. Ramos, J. T. Ascencio-ibañez, R. Peral, A. L. Echemendía, Merardo Pujol, Ana I Fernández, Gabriel Castrillo, L. Díaz, Alejandro Fuentes, Rafael F. Rivera-bustamanteAbstract:Macroptilium lathyroides (L) is a weed that is widely distributed in Cuba. Frequently, leaves show bright yellow mosaic symptoms, which suggest the incidence of a viral disease. Since begomoVirus occurrence in Macroptilium lathyroides has been previously reported in other islands of the Caribbean (1,3), symptomatic plants from three distant places in Cuba (Havana, Villa Clara, and Camaguey), were collected and tested for the presence of begomoViruses. Plant DNA extracts were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction with two sets of degenerate primers (2). The presence of a bipartite begomoVirus was evident through strong hybridization signals obtained with the DNA-A and DNA-B of Taino Tomato Mottle Virus as probes at low stringency. Furthermore, 1.4-kb and 1.2-kb PCR amplified fragments were obtained with DNA-A degenerate primers, PAL1v1978-PAR1c715 and PAL1c1960-PAR1v722, respectively. Both PCR fragments from the samples from the three locations were cloned, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 1.4-kb fragments were performed using PstI, EcoRI, HincII, XbaI and BglII. Restriction fragment patterns were the same for the three clones. The DNA-A sequence (GenBank Accession No. AJ344452) of the isolate from Villa Clara was compared with sequences available for other geminiViruses using CLUSTAL program. For the coat protein (CP) gene, the comparisons had the highest percentage of identity with various strains of Bean golden yellow mosaic Virus (BGYMV, GenBank Accession Nos. AF173555, M91604, and L01635) (85 to 87% and 93 to 94%, nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively). For Rep gene (1,044 nt), the best percentages of identities were with BGYMV (81 to 82% and 80 to 82% nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively), Tomato leaf crumple Virus (GenBank Accession No. AF101476) (78 and 81%, nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively), and Sida golden mosaic Virus from Florida (GenBank Accession No. AF049336) (78 and 79%, nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively). Finally, the comparative analysis of the intergenic region (i.e. the common region plus the CP gene promoter) had the highest identity with BGYMV (56 to 55%) and Tomato severe rugose Virus (GenBank Accession No. AY029750) (49%). Interestingly, this Virus has in this region the three G-box elements that are characteristic of BGYMV but it differs in the Rep protein-binding iterative motif that is GGTGA instead of GGAGA, for BGYMV. These data indicate that this Virus is a new begomoVirus and the name of Macroptilium yellow mosaic Virus (MaYMV) is proposed. References: (1) A. M. Idris et al. Plant Dis. 83:1071, 1999. (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (3) M. E. Roye et al. Plant Dis. 81:1251, 1997.
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First Report of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl GeminiVirus in Yucatán, México.
Plant disease, 1999Co-Authors: J. T. Ascencio-ibañez, Gerardo R. Argüello-astorga, R. Diaz-plaza, J. Méndez-lozano, Z. I. Monsalve-fonnegra, Rafael F. Rivera-bustamanteAbstract:GeminiViruses are probably the most important viral pathogen affecting Tomatoes and other crops in the Caribbean region. In addition to losses previously caused by native Virus populations, the introduction of Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) into the area has become a major concern for Tomato growers (1). Since the detection of TYLCV in Cuba, and later in Florida (2,3), we have been monitoring the Tomato- and pepper-growing areas of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, for TYLCV. We also have reanalyzed samples previously collected. Other geminiViruses (pepper huasteco Virus [PHV], Texas pepper Virus [TPV], and Tomato Mottle Virus [ToMoV]) in the area can cause symptoms similar to those induced by TYLCV, which led us to refine our analysis of samples, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure that can differentiate between monopartite and bipartite begomoViruses based on the size of the amplification product, 750 and 600 bp, respectively. One advantage of using this set of primers is that the PCR ...
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Complementation of coat protein mutants of pepper huasteco geminiVirus in transgenic tobacco plants.
Phytopathology, 1999Co-Authors: Ramón G. Guevara-gonzález, P. L. Ramos, Rafael F. Rivera-bustamanteAbstract:Guevara-Gonzalez, R. G., Ramos, P. L., and Rivera-Bustamante, R. F. 1999. Complementation of coat protein mutants of pepper huasteco geminiVirus in transgenic tobacco plants. Phytopathology 89:540-545. The role of the pepper huasteco Virus (PHV) coat protein (CP) gene during the infection was investigated in three different hosts by using mutations that produced truncated proteins and by complementation assays in transgenic plants. The infectivity analysis revealed that mutants that express truncated CP (CP7 and CP191) behave like the wild-type Virus when inoculated onto pepper and Nicotiana benthamiana plants in terms of symptom expression and viral DNA movement. On the contrary, the CP7 mutant was unable to systemically infect tobacco plants, whereas only 10% of the plants inoculated with the CP191 mutant b ecame infected. The CP7 mutant was complemented by coinoculating it with another geminiVirus (taino Tomato Mottle Virus). No complementation was observed in plants from nine transgenic tobacco lines expressing CP under the control of the cauliflower mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. However, 3 out of 10 lines expressing CP under the control of its own promoter (693 nucleotides) were able to complement the CP7 mutant. Interestingly, upon infection, the levels of CP mRNA in 693CP plants increased dramatically, probably due to transactivation of the CP promoter by the viral protein AC2.
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Taino Tomato Mottle Virus, a New Bipartite GeminiVirus from Cuba
Plant disease, 1997Co-Authors: P. L. Ramos, O. Guerra, R. Peral, P. Oramas, R. G. Guevara, Rafael F. Rivera-bustamanteAbstract:GeminiViruses have become the most important Virus group affecting Tomatoes (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten) in Cuba since they have been detected in all Tomato-producing areas, causing serious losses. Recently, a whitefly-transmitted, monopartite geminiVirus was detected in Cuba and identified as Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus-Israel (TYLCV-Is) (1). Samples collected from the main Tomato-producing areas during the period 1995 to1996 were further analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with degenerate primers (PAL1v1978 and PAR1c496) (2). Whereas in samples from most areas only TYLCV was detected, in some samples from the Havana area, two DNA fragments (approximately 1.4 and 1.1 kb) were amplified by PCR. The larger fragment was identified as part of the TYLCV-Is genome, confirming the previous report (1). The 1.1-kb fragment was cloned and its nucleotide sequence suggested that a new bipartite geminiVirus was also present in those Tomato samples. To clone the entire genome, Tomato plants were ...
Jane E. Polston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of Local and Systemic Impact of Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) Feeding and Whitefly-Transmitted Tomato Mottle Virus Infection on Tomato Leaves by Comprehensive Proteomics.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Aaron J. Ogden, Wardatou Boukari, Alba Nava, Natalia Lucinda, Garry Sunter, Wayne R. Curtis, Joshua N. Adkins, Jane E. PolstonAbstract:Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV) is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) begomoVirus transmitted to solanaceous crops by the whitefly species complex (Bemisia tabaci), causing stunted growth, leaf mottling, and reduced yield. Using a genetic repertoire of seven genes, ToMoV pathogenesis includes the manipulation of multiple plant biological processes to circumvent antiviral defenses. To further understand the effects of whitefly feeding and whitefly-transmitted ToMoV infection on Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum 'Florida Lanai'), we generated comprehensive protein profiles of leaves subjected to feeding by either viruliferous whiteflies harboring ToMoV, or non-viruliferous whiteflies, or a no-feeding control. The effects of whitefly feeding and ToMoV infection were measured both locally and systemically by sampling either a mature leaf directly from the site of clip-cage confined whitefly feeding, or from a newly formed leaf 10 days post feeding (dpf). At 3 dpf, Tomato's response to ToMoV included proteins associated with translation initiation and elongation as well as plasmodesmata dynamics. In contrast, systemic impacts of ToMoV on younger leaves 10 dpf were more pronounced and included a Virus-specific change in plant proteins associated with mRNA maturation and export, RNA-dependent DNA methylation, and other antiviral plant processes. Our analysis supports previous findings and provides novel insight into Tomato's local and systemic response to whitefly feeding and ToMoV infection.
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Evaluation of recombinase polymerase amplification for detection of begomoViruses by plant diagnostic clinics
Virology Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Maria A. Londoño, Carrie L. Harmon, Jane E. PolstonAbstract:Background Plant Viruses in the genus BegomoVirus , family Geminiviridae often cause substantial crop losses. These Viruses have been emerging in many locations throughout the tropics and subtropics. Like many plant Viruses, they are often not recognized by plant diagnostic clinics due in large part to the lack of rapid and cost effective assays. An isothermal amplification assay, Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), was evaluated for its ability to detect three begomoViruses and for its suitability for use in plant diagnostic clinics. Methods for DNA extraction and separation of amplicons from proteins used in the assay were modified and compared to RPA manufacturer’s protocols. The modified RPA assays were compared to PCR assays for sensitivity, use in downstream applications, cost, and speed. Results Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays for the detection of Bean golden yellow mosaic Virus , Tomato Mottle Virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) were specific, only amplifying the target Viruses in three different host species. RPA was able to detect the target Virus when the template was in a crude extract generated using a simple inexpensive extraction method, while PCR was not. Separation of RPA-generated amplicons from DNA-binding proteins could be accomplished by several methods, all of which were faster and less expensive than that recommended by the manufacturer. Use of these modifications resulted in an RPA assay that was faster than PCR but with a similar reagent cost. This modified RPA was the more cost effective assay when labor is added to the cost since RPA can be performed much faster than PCR. RPA had a sensitivity approximate to that of ELISA when crude extract was used as template. RPA-generated amplicons could be used in downstream applications (TA cloning, digestion with a restriction endonuclease, direct sequencing) similar to PCR but unlike some other isothermal reactions. Conclusions RPA could prove useful for the cost effective detection of plant Viruses by plant diagnostic clinics. It can be performed in one hour or less with a reagent cost similar to that of PCR but with a lower labor cost, and with an acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity.
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Inoculation of plants with begomoViruses by particle bombardment without cloning: Using rolling circle amplification of total DNA from infected plants and whiteflies.
Journal of Virological Methods, 2010Co-Authors: Dana Guenoune-gelbart, Jane E. Polston, Tali Sufrin-ringwald, Heather Capobianco, Victor Gaba, Moshe LapidotAbstract:A new system for inoculation of plants with begomoviral DNA without cloning or the use insect vectors is described. Total DNA extracted from begomoVirus-infected plants was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA) using the bacteriophage phi29 DNA polymerase, and inoculated to plants by particle bombardment. Infection rates of up to 100% were obtained using this technique. This technique successfully inoculated all the begomoViruses evaluated: five bipartite (Bean golden yellow mosaic Virus, Cabbage leaf curl Virus, Squash leaf curl Virus, Tomato Mottle Virus, Watermelon chlorotic stunt Virus) as well as one monopartite (Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus). The success of the technique was not dependent upon plant species. Four species from three plant families [Phaseolus vulgaris (bean), Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato), Cucurbita pepo (squash), and Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)], could all be inoculated by this technique. The success of the method was not dependent upon either the type or the age of the source of Virus. Infectious DNA was obtained successfully from fresh, freeze-dried or desiccated plant material, from squashes of plant leaves on FTA cards, as well as from the insect vector. Plant material collected and dried as long as 25 years ago yielded infectious DNA by this method. In summary, this method can be used to obtain infectious DNA of single-stranded circular DNA Viruses that can be activated for purposes of completing Koch's postulates, for preservation of pure Virus cultures, and for many other applications where infectious DNA is required.
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Identification of Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus and Tomato Mottle Virus in Two Counties in Alabama.
Plant disease, 2007Co-Authors: F. Akad, J. C. Jacobi, Jane E. PolstonAbstract:During July 2005, approximately 23% of Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Sebring’) in a commercial field in St. Clair County, Alabama showed symptoms of stunting, leaf deformation, mottling, and reduced leaf size, which resembled symptoms of Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV). A high population of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) was observed in this field, and as the season progressed, 100% of the plants became symptomatic. During October 2006, similar symptoms in Tomato were observed at low incidences (less than 10%) in a commercial greenhouse in Jefferson County. Two samples from St. Clair County and six from Jefferson County were collected and tested for the presence of a begomoVirus by PCR using three pairs of primers, PAR1c496 and PAL1v1978, a degenerate primer pair designed to amplify regions of the begomoVirus A component, PBL1v2040 and PCRc154, a degenerate primer pair that amplifies a hypervariable region of the begomoVirus B component (3), and C473 and PTYC1v2406, which are specific to TYLC...
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Tomato Mottle Taino Virus pseudorecombines with PYMV but not with ToMoV: implications for the delimitation of cis- and trans-acting replication specificity determinants.
Archives of virology, 2003Co-Authors: P. L. Ramos, J. T. Ascencio-ibañez, Jane E. Polston, Gerardo R. Argüello-astorga, R. Peral, Ramón G. Guevara-gonzález, Julio Vega-arreguín, Rafael F. Rivera-bustamanteAbstract:Over the last decade, the Tomato production in Cuba has been affected by new whitefly-associated diseases. In addition to the well-documented presence of Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) along the island, the occurrence of bipartite begomoViruses has also been reported. One of them, tentatively named Tomato Mottle Taino Virus (ToMoTV), has now been cloned and characterized at the molecular level. Its genomic organization is similar to other bipartite geminiViruses. Phylogenetic analyses placed ToMoTV in a subcluster with other geminiViruses isolated in the Caribbean Basin: Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV), Bean dwarf mosaic Virus, Abutilon mosaic Virus, Sida golden mosaic Virus and Potato yellow mosaic Virus (PYMV). Biolistic inoculation of tobacco and Tomato plants with cloned viral DNA showed that ToMoTV pseudorecombines with PYMV-GP as predicted by the identity of their iterative elements, whereas it does not show the same ability with ToMoV, even when their replication-associated proteins (Rep and REn) show the highest percentage of similarity. A comparative analysis of Rep proteins from begomoViruses that are able to produce viable reassortants suggests that some key elements for Virus replication specificity are located in the first ten amino acids of this protein.
Murad Ghanim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) genome project: analysis of sequenced clones from egg, instar, and adult (viruliferous and non-viruliferous) cDNA libraries
BMC Genomics, 2006Co-Authors: Dena Leshkowitz, Henryk Czosnek, Murad Ghanim, Shirley Gazit, Eli Reuveni, Robert L Shatters, Cindy Mckenzie, Judith K. BrownAbstract:Background The past three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in interest in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci , owing to its nature as a taxonomically cryptic species, the damage it causes to a large number of herbaceous plants because of its specialized feeding in the phloem, and to its ability to serve as a vector of plant Viruses. Among the most important plant Viruses to be transmitted by B. tabaci are those in the genus BegomoVirus (family, Geminiviridae). Surprisingly, little is known about the genome of this whitefly. The haploid genome size for male B. tabaci has been estimated to be approximately one billion bp by flow cytometry analysis, about five times the size of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster . The genes involved in whitefly development, in host range plasticity, and in begomoVirus vector specificity and competency, are unknown. Results To address this general shortage of genomic sequence information, we have constructed three cDNA libraries from non-viruliferous whiteflies (eggs, immature instars, and adults) and two from adult insects that fed on Tomato plants infected by two geminiViruses: Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) and Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV). In total, the sequence of 18,976 clones was determined. After quality control, and removal of 5,542 clones of mitochondrial origin 9,110 sequences remained which included 3,843 singletons and 1,017 contigs. Comparisons with public databases indicated that the libraries contained genes involved in cellular and developmental processes. In addition, approximately 1,000 bases aligned with the genome of the B. tabaci endosymbiotic bacterium Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum, originating primarily from the egg and instar libraries. Apart from the mitochondrial sequences, the longest and most abundant sequence encodes vitellogenin, which originated from whitefly adult libraries, indicating that much of the gene expression in this insect is directed toward the production of eggs. Conclusion This is the first functional genomics project involving a hemipteran (Homopteran) insect from the subtropics/tropics. The B. tabaci sequence database now provides an important tool to initiate identification of whitefly genes involved in development, behaviour, and B. tabaci -mediated begomoVirus transmission.
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whitefly bemisia tabaci genome project analysis of sequenced clones from egg instar and adult viruliferous and non viruliferous cdna libraries
BMC Genomics, 2006Co-Authors: Dena Leshkowitz, Cindy L Mckenzie, Henryk Czosnek, Murad Ghanim, Shirley Gazit, Eli Reuveni, Robert L Shatters, Judith K. BrownAbstract:The past three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in interest in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, owing to its nature as a taxonomically cryptic species, the damage it causes to a large number of herbaceous plants because of its specialized feeding in the phloem, and to its ability to serve as a vector of plant Viruses. Among the most important plant Viruses to be transmitted by B. tabaci are those in the genus BegomoVirus (family, Geminiviridae). Surprisingly, little is known about the genome of this whitefly. The haploid genome size for male B. tabaci has been estimated to be approximately one billion bp by flow cytometry analysis, about five times the size of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. The genes involved in whitefly development, in host range plasticity, and in begomoVirus vector specificity and competency, are unknown. To address this general shortage of genomic sequence information, we have constructed three cDNA libraries from non-viruliferous whiteflies (eggs, immature instars, and adults) and two from adult insects that fed on Tomato plants infected by two geminiViruses: Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) and Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV). In total, the sequence of 18,976 clones was determined. After quality control, and removal of 5,542 clones of mitochondrial origin 9,110 sequences remained which included 3,843 singletons and 1,017 contigs. Comparisons with public databases indicated that the libraries contained genes involved in cellular and developmental processes. In addition, approximately 1,000 bases aligned with the genome of the B. tabaci endosymbiotic bacterium Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum, originating primarily from the egg and instar libraries. Apart from the mitochondrial sequences, the longest and most abundant sequence encodes vitellogenin, which originated from whitefly adult libraries, indicating that much of the gene expression in this insect is directed toward the production of eggs. This is the first functional genomics project involving a hemipteran (Homopteran) insect from the subtropics/tropics. The B. tabaci sequence database now provides an important tool to initiate identification of whitefly genes involved in development, behaviour, and B. tabaci-mediated begomoVirus transmission.
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The circulative pathway of begomoViruses in the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci— insights from studies with Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus
Annals of Applied Biology, 2002Co-Authors: Henryk Czosnek, Miriam Ghanim, Murad GhanimAbstract:Summary Our current knowledge concerning the transmission of begomoViruses by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci is based mainly on research performed on the Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) complex and on a number of Viruses originating from the Old World, such as Tomato leaf curl Virus , and from the New World, including Abutilon mosaic Virus , Tomato Mottle Virus , and Squash leaf curl Virus . In this review we discuss the characteristics of acquisition, transmission and retention of begomoViruses by the whitefly vector, concentrating on the TYLCV complex, based on both published and recent unpublished data. We describe the cells and organs encountered by begomoViruses in B. tabaci. We show immunolocalisation of TYLCV to the B. tabaci stylet food canal and to the proximal part of the descending midgut, and TYLCV-specific labelling was also associated with food in the lumen. The microvilli and electron-dense material in the epithelial cells of the gut wall were also labelled by the anti TYLCV serum, pointing to a possible Virus translocation route through the gut wall and to a putative site of long-term Virus storage. We describe the path of begomoViruses in their vector B. tabaci and in the non-vector whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum , and we follow the rate of Virus translocation in these insects. We discuss TYLCV transmission between B. tabaci during mating, probably by exchange of haemolymph. We show that following a short acquisition access to infected Tomato plants, TYLCV remains associated with the B. tabaci vector for weeks, while the Virus is undetectable after a few hours in the non-vector T. vaporariorum . The implications of the long-term association of TYLCV with B. tabaci in the light of interactions of the begomoVirus with insect receptors are discussed.
John W. Scott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ty-6, a major begomoVirus resistance gene on chromosome 10, is effective against Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus and Tomato Mottle Virus
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2019Co-Authors: Upinder Gill, John W. Scott, Reza Shekasteband, Eben Ogundiwin, Cees Schuit, David M. Francis, Sung-chur Sim, Hugh Smith, Samuel F. HuttonAbstract:Key message Ty - 6 is a major resistance gene on chromosome 10 of Tomato that provides resistance against monopartite and bipartite begomoViruses and complements resistance conferred by the known Ty - 3 and ty - 5 genes. Abstract Resistance to monopartite and bipartite begomoViruses is an important breeding objective for cultivated Tomato. Several begomoVirus resistance genes have been introgressed from related Solanum species and are available for breeding purposes. In the present study, we mapped an additional locus, Ty - 6 , to chromosome 10 of Tomato. Ty - 6 is effective against both monopartite Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) and bipartite Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV). Gene action is incomplete dominance, with an intermediate resistance response when Ty - 6 is heterozygous. Analysis of populations segregating for Ty - 6 along with Ty - 3 or ty - 5 indicates that the highest level of resistance against TYLCV is attained when Ty - 6 is combined with an additional resistance allele. Our results also demonstrate that ty - 5 is ineffective against ToMoV. Although multiple SNPs linked to Ty - 6 were identified and can be used for breeding purposes, none of these were consistently polymorphic between Ty - 6 and ty - 6 breeding lines. Further research is underway to generate resequencing data for several Ty - 6 inbred lines for the discovery of additional sequence polymorphisms that can be used for fine mapping and characterizing the Ty - 6 locus.
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Ty - 6 , a major begomoVirus resistance gene on chromosome 10, is effective against Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus and Tomato Mottle Virus
TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik, 2019Co-Authors: Upinder S. Gill, John W. Scott, Reza Shekasteband, Eben Ogundiwin, Cees Schuit, David M. Francis, Sung-chur Sim, Hugh A. Smith, Samuel F. HuttonAbstract:Ty-6 is a major resistance gene on chromosome 10 of Tomato that provides resistance against monopartite and bipartite begomoViruses and complements resistance conferred by the known Ty-3 and ty-5 genes. Resistance to monopartite and bipartite begomoViruses is an important breeding objective for cultivated Tomato. Several begomoVirus resistance genes have been introgressed from related Solanum species and are available for breeding purposes. In the present study, we mapped an additional locus, Ty-6, to chromosome 10 of Tomato. Ty-6 is effective against both monopartite Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) and bipartite Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV). Gene action is incomplete dominance, with an intermediate resistance response when Ty-6 is heterozygous. Analysis of populations segregating for Ty-6 along with Ty-3 or ty-5 indicates that the highest level of resistance against TYLCV is attained when Ty-6 is combined with an additional resistance allele. Our results also demonstrate that ty-5 is ineffective against ToMoV. Although multiple SNPs linked to Ty-6 were identified and can be used for breeding purposes, none of these were consistently polymorphic between Ty-6 and ty-6 breeding lines. Further research is underway to generate resequencing data for several Ty-6 inbred lines for the discovery of additional sequence polymorphisms that can be used for fine mapping and characterizing the Ty-6 locus.
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Fine mapping of the Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus resistance gene Ty-2 on chromosome 11 of Tomato.
Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaohui Yang, John W. Scott, Samuel F. Hutton, Myluska Caro, Yanmei Guo, Xiaoxuan Wang, Harunur Rashid, Dóra Szinay, Hans De Jong, Richard G. F. VisserAbstract:Resistances to begomoViruses, including bipartite Tomato Mottle Virus and monopartite Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV), have been introgressed to cultivated Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) from wild Tomato accessions. A major gene, Ty-2 from S. habrochaites f. glabratum accession ''B6013,'' that confers resistance to TYLCV was previously mapped to a 19-cM region on the long arm of chromosome 11. In the present study, approximately 11,000 plants were screened and nearly 157 recombination events were identified between the flanking markers C2_At1g07960 (82.5 cM, physical distance 51.387 Mb) and T0302 (89 cM, 51.878 Mb). Molecular marker analysis of recombinants and TYLCV evaluation of progeny from these recombinants localized Ty-2 to an approximately 300,000-bp interval between markers UP8 (51.344 Mb) and M1 (51.645 Mb). No recombinants were identified between TG36 and C2_At3g52090, a region of at least 115 kb, indicating severe recombina- tion suppression in this region. Due to the small interval, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis failed to clarify whether recombination suppression is caused by chromosomal rearrangements. Candidate genes predicted based on Tomato genome annotation were analyzed by RT-PCR and Virus-induced gene silencing. Results indicate that the NBS gene family present in the Ty-2 region is likely not responsible for the Ty-2-conferred resistance and that two candidate
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molecular mapping of ty 4 a new Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus resistance locus on chromosome 3 of Tomato
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2009Co-Authors: Yuanfu Ji, John W. Scott, David J. Schuster, Douglas P. MaxwellAbstract:Resistance to begomoViruses, including bipartite Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV) and monopartite Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV), has been introgressed to cultivated Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) from Solanum chilense accessions LA1932 and LA2779. A major gene, Ty-3, responsible for resistance to ToMoV and TYLCV was previously mapped on the long arm of chromosome 6. In the present study, we identified a 14-cM S. chilense introgression on the long arm of chromosome 3 in some resistant breeding lines derived from LA1932. A new begomoVirusresistancelocus,Ty-4,wasmappedtothe2.3-cMmarkerintervalbetweenC2_At4g17300andC2_At5g60160 in the introgression. Analysis of a population segregating for Ty-3 and Ty-4 demonstrated that Ty-3 accounted for 59.6% of the variance, while Ty-4 only accounted for 15.7%, suggesting that Ty-4 confers a lesser effect on TYLCV resistance. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with Ty-3 and Ty-4 had the highest level of TYLCV resistance. The PCR- based markers tightly linked to the Ty-4 locus as well as the Ty-3 locus have been recently used in our breeding program for efficient selection of high-levels of begomoVirus resistance and now allow for efficient breeding by marker-assisted selection.
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ty 3 a begomoVirus resistance locus near the Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus resistance locus ty 1 on chromosome 6 of Tomato
Molecular Breeding, 2007Co-Authors: Yuanfu Ji, David J. Schuster, John W. ScottAbstract:Resistance to begomoViruses including bipartite Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV) and monopartite Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) has been introgressed to cultivated Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) from S. chilense accessions LA1932, LA2779, and LA1938. Previous research demonstrated that three regions on chromosome 6 were associated with the resistance, two of which were required for a line to provide a high level of resistance. In the present study, we identified a large S. chilense introgression spanning markers from C2_At2g39690 to T0834 in LA2779-derived advanced breeding lines resistant to both TYLCV and ToMoV. A begomoVirus resistance locus, Ty-3, was mapped to the marker interval between cLEG-31-P16 and T1079 on the long arm of chromosome 6. In addition to the Ty-3 locus, the large introgression also spans the Ty-1 region near the Mi gene, suggesting the possible coexistence and linkage of resistance alleles at both Ty-1 and Ty-3 loci in these lines. In contrast, LA1932-derived advanced breeding lines possess a much shorter introgression from cLEG-31-P16 to C2_At5g41480, which also carries a begomoVirus resistance locus that is probably allelic at the Ty-3 locus. The PCR-based markers tightly linked to the Ty-3 locus as well as the markers near the Ty-1 region have been used in our breeding program for efficient selection of begomoVirus resistance in the past three growing seasons and will be useful resources for Tomato breeders around the world.
Judith K. Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preliminary identification and coat protein gene phylogenetic relationships of begomoViruses associated with native flora and cultivated plants from the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico
Virus Genes, 2007Co-Authors: Cecilia Hernández-zepeda, Ali M. Idris, Judith K. Brown, Germán Carnevali, Oscar A. Moreno-valenzuelaAbstract:A number of native and cultivated eudicots in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico (YPM) exhibit symptoms associated with Virus infection. Symptomatic leaves were collected and assessed for begomoviral detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and universal primers that amplify a fragment of the coat protein gene (core Cp ). BegomoVirus were detected in nine native and seven cultivated species, representing seven eudicot families. DNA extracts from the 16 hosts were used for PCR amplification and sequencing of a fragment containing the coat protein ( Cp ) gene. The complete Cp sequence was used to establish provisional species identification. Results indicated that 13 distinct begomoVirus species were represented. Among these, five potentially new begomoVirus species were identified, for which we propose the names Anoda golden mosaic Virus (AnGMV), Boerhavia yellow spot Virus (BoYSV), Papaya golden mosaic Virus (PaGMV), Desmodium leaf distortion Virus (DeLDV), and Hibiscus variegation Virus (HiVV). Five previously described begomoviral species were provisionally identified for the first time in the YPM; these include Euphorbia mosaic Virus (EuMV), Melon chlorotic leaf curl Virus (MCLCuV), Okra yellow mosaic Mexico Virus (OkYMMV), Sida golden mosaic Virus (SiGMV), and Tobacco apical stunt Virus (TbASV). Additionally, Viruses previously reported from this region, Bean golden yellow mosaic Virus (BGYMV), Pepper golden mosaic Virus (PepGMV), and Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV) were provisionally identified in cultivated hosts. Phylogenetic analysis provisionally placed all isolates from the YPM in a Western Hemisphere begomoVirus clade.
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whitefly bemisia tabaci genome project analysis of sequenced clones from egg instar and adult viruliferous and non viruliferous cdna libraries
BMC Genomics, 2006Co-Authors: Dena Leshkowitz, Cindy L Mckenzie, Henryk Czosnek, Murad Ghanim, Shirley Gazit, Eli Reuveni, Robert L Shatters, Judith K. BrownAbstract:The past three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in interest in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, owing to its nature as a taxonomically cryptic species, the damage it causes to a large number of herbaceous plants because of its specialized feeding in the phloem, and to its ability to serve as a vector of plant Viruses. Among the most important plant Viruses to be transmitted by B. tabaci are those in the genus BegomoVirus (family, Geminiviridae). Surprisingly, little is known about the genome of this whitefly. The haploid genome size for male B. tabaci has been estimated to be approximately one billion bp by flow cytometry analysis, about five times the size of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. The genes involved in whitefly development, in host range plasticity, and in begomoVirus vector specificity and competency, are unknown. To address this general shortage of genomic sequence information, we have constructed three cDNA libraries from non-viruliferous whiteflies (eggs, immature instars, and adults) and two from adult insects that fed on Tomato plants infected by two geminiViruses: Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) and Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV). In total, the sequence of 18,976 clones was determined. After quality control, and removal of 5,542 clones of mitochondrial origin 9,110 sequences remained which included 3,843 singletons and 1,017 contigs. Comparisons with public databases indicated that the libraries contained genes involved in cellular and developmental processes. In addition, approximately 1,000 bases aligned with the genome of the B. tabaci endosymbiotic bacterium Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum, originating primarily from the egg and instar libraries. Apart from the mitochondrial sequences, the longest and most abundant sequence encodes vitellogenin, which originated from whitefly adult libraries, indicating that much of the gene expression in this insect is directed toward the production of eggs. This is the first functional genomics project involving a hemipteran (Homopteran) insect from the subtropics/tropics. The B. tabaci sequence database now provides an important tool to initiate identification of whitefly genes involved in development, behaviour, and B. tabaci-mediated begomoVirus transmission.
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Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) genome project: analysis of sequenced clones from egg, instar, and adult (viruliferous and non-viruliferous) cDNA libraries
BMC Genomics, 2006Co-Authors: Dena Leshkowitz, Henryk Czosnek, Murad Ghanim, Shirley Gazit, Eli Reuveni, Robert L Shatters, Cindy Mckenzie, Judith K. BrownAbstract:Background The past three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in interest in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci , owing to its nature as a taxonomically cryptic species, the damage it causes to a large number of herbaceous plants because of its specialized feeding in the phloem, and to its ability to serve as a vector of plant Viruses. Among the most important plant Viruses to be transmitted by B. tabaci are those in the genus BegomoVirus (family, Geminiviridae). Surprisingly, little is known about the genome of this whitefly. The haploid genome size for male B. tabaci has been estimated to be approximately one billion bp by flow cytometry analysis, about five times the size of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster . The genes involved in whitefly development, in host range plasticity, and in begomoVirus vector specificity and competency, are unknown. Results To address this general shortage of genomic sequence information, we have constructed three cDNA libraries from non-viruliferous whiteflies (eggs, immature instars, and adults) and two from adult insects that fed on Tomato plants infected by two geminiViruses: Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) and Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV). In total, the sequence of 18,976 clones was determined. After quality control, and removal of 5,542 clones of mitochondrial origin 9,110 sequences remained which included 3,843 singletons and 1,017 contigs. Comparisons with public databases indicated that the libraries contained genes involved in cellular and developmental processes. In addition, approximately 1,000 bases aligned with the genome of the B. tabaci endosymbiotic bacterium Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum, originating primarily from the egg and instar libraries. Apart from the mitochondrial sequences, the longest and most abundant sequence encodes vitellogenin, which originated from whitefly adult libraries, indicating that much of the gene expression in this insect is directed toward the production of eggs. Conclusion This is the first functional genomics project involving a hemipteran (Homopteran) insect from the subtropics/tropics. The B. tabaci sequence database now provides an important tool to initiate identification of whitefly genes involved in development, behaviour, and B. tabaci -mediated begomoVirus transmission.
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Introduction of the Exotic Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus-Israel in Tomato to Puerto Rico
Plant disease, 2001Co-Authors: J. Bird, Ali M. Idris, D. Rogan, Judith K. BrownAbstract:Thirty-five-day-old Tomato plants (cultivar Florasette) exhibited yellow leaf curling, stunting, and extremely reduced fruit set in spring 2001, in Guanica, Puerto Rico (PR). Twenty percent disease incidence was observed in this field and, 8 weeks later, 75% of the plants showed symptoms. These symptoms were distinct from those caused by other Tomato-infecting begomoViruses reported previously from PR, namely Merremia mosaic Virus, Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV), and Potato yellow mosaic Virus (1). A colony of the B biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) was used to transmit the suspect Virus from symptomatic plants collected in the field and established in the greenhouse in Rio Piedras, PR. The suspect Virus was transmitted readily to Tomato cultivar Roma (10 of 10 plants), and symptoms were like those observed in the field. Symptoms also were reminiscent of those described for several Old World begomoViruses, referred to as Tomato yellow leaf curl Virus (TYLCV). Total nucleic acids were isolated from three symp...