The Experts below are selected from a list of 4512 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
S A Monks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Tomcat global chemical transport model v1 6 description of chemical mechanism and model evaluation
Geoscientific Model Development, 2016Co-Authors: Wuhu Feng, S A Monks, Stephen R Arnold, Michael Hollaway, Richard J Pope, Chris Wilson, Kathryn M Emmerson, B J KerridgeAbstract:Abstract. This paper documents the tropospheric chemical mechanism scheme used in the Tomcat 3-D chemical transport model. The current scheme includes a more detailed representation of hydrocarbon chemistry than previously included in the model, with the inclusion of the emission and oxidation of ethene, propene, butane, toluene and monoterpenes. The model is evaluated against a range of surface, balloon, aircraft and satellite measurements. The model is generally able to capture the main spatial and seasonal features of high and low concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and reactive nitrogen. However, model biases are found in some species, some of which are common to chemistry models and some that are specific to Tomcat and warrant further investigation. The most notable of these biases are (1) a negative bias in Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter and spring CO and a positive bias in Southern Hemisphere (SH) CO throughout the year, (2) a positive bias in NH O3 in summer and a negative bias at high latitudes during SH winter and (3) a negative bias in NH winter C2 and C3 alkanes and alkenes. Tomcat global mean tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations are higher than estimates inferred from observations of methyl chloroform but similar to, or lower than, multi-model mean concentrations reported in recent model intercomparison studies. Tomcat shows peak OH concentrations in the tropical lower troposphere, unlike other models which show peak concentrations in the tropical upper troposphere. This is likely to affect the lifetime and transport of important trace gases and warrants further investigation.
James Goodwill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Apache Tomcat 7
2011Co-Authors: Aleksa Vukotic, James GoodwillAbstract:Apache Tomcat is the most popular open-source de-facto Java Web application server, standard for today's Web developers using JSP/Servlets. Apache Tomcat 7 covers details on installation and administration of Apache Tomcat 7. It explains key parts of the Tomcat architecture, and provides an introduction to Java Servlet and JSP APIs in the context of the Apache Tomcat server. In addition to basic concepts and administration tasks, Apache Tomcat 7 covers some of the most frequentlyused advanced features of Tomcat, including security, Apache web server integration, load balancing, and embedding Tomcat server in Java applications. Finally, through a practical primer, it shows how to integrate and use some of the most popular Java technologies with Apache Tomcat. In summary, Apache Tomcat 7 offers both novice and intermediate Apache Tomcat users a practical and comprehensive guide to this powerful software. What youll learn Install and set up Tomcat 7 on Windows and Unix platforms Manage and deploy application deployed on Tomcat 7 using Manager Application Secure Tomcat 7 server using security realms or HTTPS protocol Embed Tomcat 7 server into your desktop Java application Efficiently configure Tomcat 7 with Apache Web server Configure data sources and mail sessions using JNDI in Tomcat Configure logging for web applications deployed on Tomcat server Who this book is for This book isfor those Web developers and/or Java programmers new to the open-source Apache Tomcat Web server. It's also for those new to the latest release, version 7.
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logging in Tomcat
2011Co-Authors: Aleksa Vukotic, James GoodwillAbstract:Logging relevant application details at runtime is a practice that has been followed since the early days of programming. Before debuggers were available, reading log statements was the only way to find out what was going on with an application at runtime. Even with all the debugging tools available today, log statements are still an invaluable tool for monitoring production systems and diagnosing any problems that occur on the deployed application.
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using Tomcat s manager web application
2011Co-Authors: Aleksa Vukotic, James GoodwillAbstract:In previous chapters, we have learned, among other things, how to deploy Java web applications to Apache Tomcat server. In our examples, we copied the directory or WAR file of the web application to Tomcat’s /webapps directory, and started (or restarted) the server. However, in a production environment, it may be inconvenient to stop the running server with existing applications — that’s where Tomcat’s Manager web applications come in handy. Using Manager web application bundled with the Apache Tomcat distribution, you can deploy new applications, undeploy existing ones, and perform various other server management tasks from your browser.
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deploying web applications to Tomcat
2011Co-Authors: Aleksa Vukotic, James GoodwillAbstract:Now that Tomcat is installed and running, let’s look at the steps necessary to deploy a web application.
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configuring jndi in Tomcat
2011Co-Authors: Aleksa Vukotic, James GoodwillAbstract:Most real-world web applications store data or process data stored in the relational databases and send e-mails to users. Efficient configuration of these resources is required for the development of web applications, but also for server administration and maintenance. JNDI-configured resources are commonly used to configure such resources in production, mainly for its portability and easy configuration. In this chapter, we will discuss JNDI configuration, and look at how to configure database connectivity and mail sending servers using JNDI resources.
Marco Stampanoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multimodal imaging for the detection of sub micron particles in the gas exchange region of the mammalian lung
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2009Co-Authors: David Haberthur, Marco Stampanoni, Manuela Semmlerbehnke, Shinji Takenaka, Wolfgang G Kreyling, Akira Tsuda, Johannes C SchittnyAbstract:The deposition sites of inhaled aerosols in the gas-exchange region of the lung represent one of the key parameters needed for the understanding of the interaction between these particles and lung tissue. In order to develop a method for three-dimensional imaging of sub-micron particles in lung tissue we applied gold particles (200 and 700 nm) to rat lungs by intratracheal instillation. The samples were scanned at Tomcat, the beamline for TOmographic Microscopy and Coherent rAdiology experimenTs at the Swiss Light Source. The 200 nm particles were slightly below the detection capabilities of Tomcat. Therefore, their localization was obtained only by electron microscopy. At a voxel size of 350 nm we observed single and clustered gold particles (700 nm) in alveoli, alveolar ducts, and small bronchioli. The locations of the gold particles were verified by transmission electron microscopical serial sections. We observed a very high correlation between these two imaging modalities. We conclude that a combination of x-ray tomographic microscopy and electron microscopy allows the full unrestricted 3D localization of particles smaller than the resolution of x-ray tomographic microscopy. We are planning to use this method for the verification of the simulation of particle deposition in the airway tree.
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x ray tomographic microscopy at Tomcat
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2009Co-Authors: Federica Marone, Christoph Hintermuller, S A Mcdonald, R Abela, G Mikuljan, A Isenegger, Marco StampanoniAbstract:Synchrotron-based X-ray Tomographic Microscopy is a powerful technique for fast non-destructive, high resolution quantitative volumetric investigations on diverse samples. At the Tomcat (TOmographic Microscopy and Coherent rAdiology experimenTs) beamline at the Swiss Light Source, synchrotron light is delivered by a 2.9 T superbend. The main optical component, a Double Crystal Multilayer Monochromator, covers an energy range between 8 and 45 keV. The standard Tomcat detector offers field of views ranging from 0.75×0.75 mm2 up to 12.1×12.1 mm2 with a pixel size of 0.37 μm and 5.92 μm, respectively. In addition to routine measurements, which exploit the absorption contrast, the high coherence of the source also enables phase contrast tomography, implemented with two complementary techniques (Modified Transport of Intensity approach and Grating Interferometry). Typical acquisition times for a tomogram are in the order of few minutes, ensuring high throughput and allowing for semi-dynamical investigations. Raw data are automatically post-processed online and full reconstructed volumes are available shortly after a scan with minimal user intervention.
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x ray tomographic microscopy at Tomcat
Proceedings of SPIE, 2008Co-Authors: Federica Marone, Christoph Hintermuller, S A Mcdonald, R Abela, G Mikuljan, A Isenegger, Marco StampanoniAbstract:Synchrotron-based X-ray Tomographic Microscopy is a powerful technique for fast, non-destructive, high resolution quantitative volumetric investigations on diverse samples. At the Tomcat (TOmographic Microscopy and Coherent radiology experimenTs) beamline at the Swiss Light Source (SLS), synchrotron light is delivered by a 2.9 T superbend. The main optical component, a Double Crystal Multilayer Monochromator, covers an energy range between 8 and 45 keV. The standard Tomcat detector offers field of views ranging from 0.75x0.75 mm 2 up to 12.1x12.1mm 2 with a theoretical resolution of 0.37 μm and 5.92 μm, respectively. The beamline design and flexible endstation setup make a large range of investigations possible. In addition to routine measurements, which exploit the absorption contrast, the high coherence of the source also enables phase contrast tomography, implemented with two complementary techniques. Differential Phase Contrast (DPC) imaging has been fully integrated in terms of fast acquisition and data reconstruction. Scans of samples within an aqueous environment are also feasible. The second phase contrast method is a Modified Transport of Intensity approach that yields a good approximation of the 3D phase distribution of a weakly absorbing object from a single tomographic dataset. Typical acquisition times for a tomogram are in the order of few minutes, ensuring high throughput and allowing for semi-dynamical investigations and in-situ experiments. Raw data are automatically post-processed online and full reconstructed volumes are available shortly after a scan with minimal user intervention. In addition to a beamline overview, a selection of high-impact tomographic applications will be presented.
F. Chevallier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of a variational flux inversion system (INVICAT v1.0) using the Tomcat chemical transport model
Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 2014Co-Authors: C. Wilson, M. Chipperfield, M. Gloor, F. ChevallierAbstract:We present a new variational inverse transport model, named INVICAT (v1.0), which is based on the global chemical transport model Tomcat, and a new corresponding adjoint transport model, ATomcat. The adjoint model is constructed through manually derived discrete adjoint algorithms, and includes subroutines governing advection, convection and boundary layer mixing, all of which are linear in the Tomcat model. We present extensive testing of the adjoint and inverse models, and also thoroughly assess the accuracy of the Tomcat forward model's representation of atmospheric transport through comparison with observations of the atmospheric trace gas SF 6. The forward model is shown to perform well in comparison with these observations , capturing the latitudinal gradient and seasonal cycle of SF 6 to within acceptable tolerances. The adjoint model is shown, through numerical identity tests and novel transport reciprocity tests, to be extremely accurate in comparison with the forward model, with no error shown at the level of accuracy possible with our machines. The potential for the variational system as a tool for inverse modelling is investigated through an idealised test using simulated observations , and the system demonstrates an ability to retrieve known fluxes from a perturbed state accurately. Using basic off-line chemistry schemes, the inverse model is ready and available to perform inversions of trace gases with relatively simple chemical interactions, including CH 4 , CO 2 and CO.
Nancy K Sweitzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the frailty syndrome and outcomes in the topcat trial
European Journal of Heart Failure, 2018Co-Authors: Natalie A Sanders, Scott D Solomon, Brian Claggett, Akshay S. Desai, Nancy K Sweitzer, Marc A Pfeffer, Eldrin F Lewis, Jiankang Liu, Mark A Supiano, James C FangAbstract:AIMS The impact of frailty on outcomes in randomized heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) trials has not been previously reported. This analysis sought to characterize frailty in a large contemporary HFpEF clinical trial cohort and to evaluate its impact on patient relevant outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Using data from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial, a frailty index (FI) was constructed at baseline using 39 clinical, laboratory, and self-reported variables. The relationship between frailty and outcomes and the role of frailty in modulating the benefits of spironolactone were examined in a subset of 1767 TOPCAT patients. For the cohort as a whole (mean age 71.5 years, 49% female), the mean FI at baseline was 0.37 ± 0.11. Four frailty classes were defined ranging from FI 0.21). Mean age was lowest for the most frail class (69 ± 9 years for Class 4; 73 ± 10 years for Class 1; P < 0.001). Body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure all increased as FI increased. Both primary and secondary outcomes increased as frailty severity increased. There was no interaction between frailty class and treatment effect of spironolactone. CONCLUSIONS Frailty was very common in TOPCAT HFpEF participants. Greater frailty was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. The benefit of spironolactone on outcomes in TOPCAT was not attenuated by frailty class.
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atrial fibrillation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction the topcat trial
Jacc-Heart Failure, 2018Co-Authors: Maja Cikes, Brian Claggett, Akshay S. Desai, Sanjiv J Shah, Inder S Anand, Eldrin F Lewis, Eileen Omeara, Jean L Rouleau, Nancy K SweitzerAbstract:Objectives This study assessed the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and outcomes in the TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist) trial, to evaluate whether AF modified the treatment response to spironolactone and whether spironolactone influenced post-randomization AF. Background AF is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and likely contributes to increased risk of adverse outcomes. Methods A total 1,765 patients enrolled in TOPCAT trial in North and South America were divided into 3 groups: no known AF, history of AF without AF at enrollment, and AF found on the electrocardiogram (ECG) at enrollment. We assessed outcomes and treatment response to spironolactone in all groups, and the association between post-randomization AF and outcomes in patients free of AF at baseline. The primary outcome of the TOPCAT trial was a composite of cardiovascular mortality, aborted cardiac arrest, or heart failure hospitalization. Results A total of 760 patients (43%) had a history of AF (18%) or AF on ECG at enrollment (25%). The highest adjusted risk was associated with AF at enrollment (primary outcome, hazard ratio: 1.34; 95% confidence interval: 1.09 to 1.65; p = 0.006; and an increased early risk of secondary outcomes). Neither history of AF nor AF at enrollment modified the beneficial treatment effect of spironolactone. Post-randomization AF, which occurred in 6.3% of patients, was not influenced by spironolactone treatment, but was associated with an increased early risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio: 2.32; 95% confidence interval: 1.59 to 3.40; p Conclusions AF at enrollment was associated with increased cardiovascular risk in HFpEF patients in the TOPCAT study. Post-randomization AF, which was associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, was not influenced by spironolactone. (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist [TOPCAT]; NCT00094302).
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baseline characteristics of patients in the treatment of preserved cardiac function heart failure with an aldosterone antagonist trial
Circulation-heart Failure, 2013Co-Authors: Sanjiv J Shah, Akshay S. Desai, John F Heitner, Nancy K Sweitzer, Inder S Anand, Brian Harty, Robin Boineau, Nadine Clausell, Rafael Diaz, Jerome L FlegAbstract:Background—Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) is an ongoing randomized controlled trial of spironolactone versus placebo for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We sought to describe the baseline clinical characteristics of subjects enrolled in TOPCAT relative to other contemporary observational studies and randomized clinical trials of HFpEF. Methods and Results—Between August 2006 and January 2012, 3445 patients with symptomatic HFpEF from 270 sites in 6 countries were enrolled in TOPCAT. At the baseline study visit, all subjects provided a detailed medical history and underwent physical examination, electrocardiography, quality of life, and laboratory assessment. Key parameters were compared with other large, contemporary HFpEF studies. The mean age was 68.6±9.6 years with a slight female predominance (52%); mean body mass index was 32 kg/m2; and comorbidities were common. History of hypertension (91% prevalence in TOPCAT) exceeded all ot...
