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René Vlugt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus, a new plant virus infecting lettuce and a proposed member of the genus Torradovirus
Archives of Virology, 2014Co-Authors: Martin Verbeek, Annette Dullemans, Henry M. G. Raaij, Jacobus Th. J. Verhoeven, René VlugtAbstract:A new virus was isolated from a lettuce plant grown in an open field in the Netherlands in 2011. This plant was showing conspicuous symptoms that consisted of necrosis and moderate leaf curling. The virus was mechanically transferred to indicator plants, and a total RNA extract of one of these indicator plants was used for next-generation sequencing. Analysis of the sequences that were obtained and further biological studies showed that the virus was related to, but clearly distinct from, viruses belonging to the genus Torradovirus . The name “lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus” (LNLCV) is proposed for this new Torradovirus.
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Tomato chocolàte virus: a new plant virus infecting tomato and a proposed member of the genus Torradovirus
Archives of Virology, 2010Co-Authors: Martin Verbeek, Annette Dullemans, Hans Heuvel, Paul Maris, René VlugtAbstract:A new virus was isolated from a tomato plant from Guatemala showing necrotic spots on the bases of the leaves and chocolate-brown patches on the fruits. Structural and molecular analysis showed the virus to be clearly related to but distinct from the recently described Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) and Tomato marchitez virus (ToMarV), both members of the genus Torradovirus . The name tomato chocolàte virus is proposed for this new Torradovirus.
Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Contribution of Tomato torrado virus Vp26 coat protein subunit to systemic necrosis induction and virus infectivity in Solanum lycopersicum
Virology Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Przemysław Wieczorek, Barbara Wrzesińska, Patryk Frąckowiak, Arnika Przybylska, Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowskaAbstract:Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) infection manifests with burn-like symptoms on leaves, leaflets and upper stem parts of susceptible infected plants. The symptoms caused by ToTV may be considered as one of the most severe virus-induced forms of systemic necrosis, which spreads within the whole plant and leads to a lethal phenotype. However, to date there are no data revealing which viral genes encode for a specific pathogenicity determinant that triggers the plant necrotic response for any Torradovirus. In this study we evaluated the influence of three coat protein subunits of ToTV: Vp23, Vp26 and Vp35, transiently expressed from a PVX-based vector, and checked their association with the induction of systemic necrosis in infected Solanum lycopersicum L. (cv. Beta Lux), a natural host of ToTV. To estimate how ToTV coat protein subunits might contribute in plant response to virus infection we over-expressed the proteins from PVX-based vector in tomato and analyzed enzymatic activities related with plant defense response. By doing protein qualitative analysis performed by mass spectrometry we indicated the PR10 in protein fraction with induced ribonuclease activity. We observed that only the Vp26 enhanced PVX pathogenicity causing severe necrosis of the infected plant. Moreover, we indicated increased RNase and oxidative activities in plants infected with PVX-Vp26 chimeras only. Importantly, we suspected that this increased RNase activity is associated with increased accumulation of PR10 mRNA and products of its translation. On the basis of the obtained results, we indicated that Vp26 acts as the elicitor of hypersensitive response-like reactions of PVX-Vp26 manifesting with enhanced pathogenicity of the recombined PVX. This might be the first described suspected necrosis determinant of Torradoviruses infecting tomatoes.
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Contribution of Tomato torrado virus Vp26 coat protein subunit to systemic necrosis induction and virus infectivity in Solanum lycopersicum
Virology Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Przemysław Wieczorek, Barbara Wrzesińska, Patryk Frąckowiak, Arnika Przybylska, Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowskaAbstract:Background Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) infection manifests with burn-like symptoms on leaves, leaflets and upper stem parts of susceptible infected plants. The symptoms caused by ToTV may be considered as one of the most severe virus-induced forms of systemic necrosis, which spreads within the whole plant and leads to a lethal phenotype. However, to date there are no data revealing which viral genes encode for a specific pathogenicity determinant that triggers the plant necrotic response for any Torradovirus. In this study we evaluated the influence of three coat protein subunits of ToTV: Vp23, Vp26 and Vp35, transiently expressed from a PVX-based vector, and checked their association with the induction of systemic necrosis in infected Solanum lycopersicum L. ( cv. Beta Lux ), a natural host of ToTV. Methods To estimate how ToTV coat protein subunits might contribute in plant response to virus infection we over-expressed the proteins from PVX-based vector in tomato and analyzed enzymatic activities related with plant defense response. By doing protein qualitative analysis performed by mass spectrometry we indicated the PR10 in protein fraction with induced ribonuclease activity. Results We observed that only the Vp26 enhanced PVX pathogenicity causing severe necrosis of the infected plant. Moreover, we indicated increased RNase and oxidative activities in plants infected with PVX-Vp26 chimeras only. Importantly, we suspected that this increased RNase activity is associated with increased accumulation of PR10 mRNA and products of its translation. Conclusions On the basis of the obtained results, we indicated that Vp26 acts as the elicitor of hypersensitive response-like reactions of PVX-Vp26 manifesting with enhanced pathogenicity of the recombined PVX. This might be the first described suspected necrosis determinant of Torradoviruses infecting tomatoes.
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The N-terminal fragment of the tomato torrado virus RNA1-encoded polyprotein induces a hypersensitive response (HR)-like reaction in Nicotiana benthamiana
Archives of Virology, 2016Co-Authors: Przemysław Wieczorek, Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowskaAbstract:The hypersensitive response (HR) is a defence reaction observed during incompatible plant-pathogen interactions in plants infected with a wide range of fungi, bacteria and viruses. Here, we show that an N-terminal polyprotein fragment encoded by tomato torrado virus RNA1, located between the first ATG codon and the protease cofactor (ProCo) motif, induces an HR-like reaction in Nicotiana benthamiana . Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transient expression of the first 105 amino acids (the calculated molecular weight of the fragment was ca. 11.33 kDa, hereafter refered to as the 11K domain) from ToTV RNA1 induced an HR-like phenotype in infiltrated leaves. To investigate whether the 11K domain could influence the virulence and pathogenicity of a recombinant virus, we created a potato virus X (PVX) with the 11K coding sequence inserted under a duplicated coat protein promoter. We found that 11K substantially increased the virulence of the recombinant virus. Disease phenotype induced in N. benthamiana by PVX-11K was characterized by strong local and systemic necrosis. This was not observed when the 11K domain was expressed from PVX in an antisense orientation. Further analyses revealed that the 11K domain could not suppress posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the N. benthamiana 16c line. In silico analysis of the predicted secondary structure of the 11K domain indicated the presence of two putative helices that are highly conserved in tomato-infecting representatives of the genus Torradovirus .
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A single amino acid substitution in movement protein of tomato torrado virus influences ToTV infectivity in Solanum lycopersicum
Virus Research, 2015Co-Authors: Przemysław Wieczorek, Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowskaAbstract:Tomato torrado virus (ToTV), which is a tomato-infecting member of the genus Torradovirus, induces severe systemic necrosis in Solanum lycopersicum cv. Beta Lux as well as leaf malformation and chlorosis in Nicotiana benthamiana. To date, neither the tomato gene conferring resistance to the pathogen nor the ToTV-encoded necrosis determinant have been characterized. We herein revealed that the phenylalanine 210 residue in the movement protein domain encoded by ToTV RNA2 is a necrosis-inducing pathogenicity determinant during tomato infection. Using a ToTV infectious RNA2 clone, we performed site-directed mutagenesis of the phenylalanine 210 residue, confirming its importance during ToTV infection and symptom manifestation in S. lycopersicum cv. Beta Lux, but not in N. benthamiana.
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Genetic variability within the Polish tomato torrado virus Kra isolate caused by deletions in the 3'-untranslated region of genomic RNA1.
Virus Research, 2014Co-Authors: Marta Budziszewska, Przemysław Wieczorek, Yanping Zhang, Dmitrij Frishman, Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowskaAbstract:Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) is in the genus Torradovirus in the family Secoviridae. ToTV contains a single-stranded, positive-sense, bipartite RNA genome encapsidated in icosahedral particles. It is a serious tomato pathogen causing significant crop reductions. Its occurrence has been reported from many countries worldwide. However, the state of knowledge of ToTV epidemiology, sequences and phylogeny is still rather poor. In this study we found that the Polish ToTV isolates are characterized by significant genetic variability of the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of RNA1. The high resolution melting real-time PCR approach showed the presence of genetic variants within Polish ToTV isolates purified from Nicotiana benthamiana. Further sequencing of Kra ToTV revealed five genetic variants of RNA1 within the isolate differing in the 3′-untranslated region length resulting from deletions ranging from 6 to 163 nucleotides. In light of the published studies, the genetic variability of ToTV associated with large deletions within an isolate may not necessarily be rare and may influence the virus evolution and adaptation.
M Verbeek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aphid transmission of lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus a member of a tentative new subgroup within the genus Torradovirus
Virus Research, 2017Co-Authors: M Verbeek, A M Dullemans, Rene Van Der VlugtAbstract:Lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus (LNLCV) was described as the first non-tomato-infecting member of the genus Torradovirus. Until today, the virus was found only in The Netherlands in two different areas in open field crops of lettuce. In 2015, LNLCV was accepted by the ICTV as a new member of the genus Torradovirus. The tomato-infecting (TI) Torradoviruses Tomato torrado virus (ToTV), Tomato marchitez virus (ToMarV) and Tomato chocolate virus (ToChV) are transmitted by at least three whitefly species in a semi-persistent and stylet-borne manner. As LNLCV was transmitted in open fields in The Netherlands, where whiteflies are present only in low incidence, transmission studies were set up to identify the natural vector of LNLCV. Whitefly species which survive Dutch open field conditions during summer, as well as lettuce colonizing aphid species, were tested for their ability to transmit LNLCV. Lengths of acquisition and inoculation periods were chosen in accordance with the conditions for TI Torradoviruses. Transmission experiments involving whiteflies were never successful. Transmission with aphids was only successful in case of the lettuce-currant aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri. Localization of LNLCV virions in N. ribisnigri with a nested RT-PCR indicated the stylets as possible retention sites. The willow-carrot aphid Cavariella aegopodii did not transmit LNLCV in our transmission experiment but the virus could be detected in the stylets of this aphid, leaving C. aegopodii as a possible vector for LNLCV.
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FIRST REPORT OF SOUTHERN TOMATO VIRUS IN TOMATO IN THE CANARY ISLANDS, SPAIN
Journal of Plant Pathology, 2015Co-Authors: M Verbeek, A M Dullemans, A. Espino, M. Botella, Ana Alfaro-fernández, M.i. FontAbstract:In October 2006, tomato plants with torrado disease were sampled in Spain. In a sample of cv. Mariana, originating from Gran Canaria, Tomato torrado virus (ToTV, genus Torradovirus) was detected (isolate GCN06; Alfaro-Fernandez et al., 2010). In 2013, the sample was further analysed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Total RNA, extracted from ca. 150 mg of leaf tissues, was used for an RNA library suitable for Illumina HiSeq paired end sequencing. A de novo assembly (using CLC Genomic Workbench v.6.5) resulted in 1380 sequence contigs. BLAST searches revealed the presence of ToTV and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV, genus Crinivirus). One contig (3427 nts, 8901 reads), showed 99.85% identity with Southern tomato virus (STV, genus Amalgavirus), isolate Mexico-1 (GenBank accession No. EF442780), a dsRNA seed-transmitted virus (Sabanadzovic et al., 2009). Reference assembly with the Mexico-1 sequence resulted in a partial sequence of 3420 nts (GenBank KJ174690). The presence of STV in sample GCN06 was verified in RT-PCR using the specific primers STV-fw and STV-rev (Candresse et al., 2013) and sequencing of the obtained amplicon. A new sampling in May 2014 in Gran Canaria revealed the presence of STV in six out of seven tomato samples of cv Mariana. All these samples were co-infected with Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV, genus Potexvirus), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, genus Tospovirus), and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, genus Begomovirus). Because STV was generally found in samples co-infected with other viruses, its symptomatology in tomato remains unclear. To our knowledge, this is the first report of STV in the Canary Islands and Spain.
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characterization and epidemiology of members of the genus Torradovirus
2013Co-Authors: M VerbeekAbstract:The research described in this thesis focuses on the molecular and biological characterization of a new group of plant viruses. At the start of this research only a ‘torrado’ disease in tomato was known, which is recognised by necrosis on leaves and fruits, that eventually turn into its typical and devastating burnt-like symptoms. Using a wide range of available (virological) tools the causal agent was identified as a so-far unknown spherical virus of approximately 28 nm in diameter. Further analysis revealed that the virus contained a bi-partite RNA genome of which the entire nucleotide sequence was elucidated. The virus was named after the Spanish name of the disease, hence Tomato torrado virus (ToTV). Although this virus has been found mainly in Europe, it is emerging and meanwhile found in Central America and Australia. After the discovery of ToTV, another disease suspected to be caused by a torrado-like virus was analysed. It was shown that this disease, which was found in tomatoes grown in Mexico, was caused by a similar but distinct Torradovirus named Tomato marchitez virus (ToMarV). Its molecular and biological features, as analysed and described in this thesis, supported the proposal of a new genus denoted Torradovirus, named after its first representative. This genus was recognized and classified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) into the family Secoviridae (order Picornavirales). Currently, the genus Torradovirus harbours, besides the recognised species ToTV and ToMarV, also the tentative species Tomato chocolate virus (ToChV), Tomato chocolate spot virus (ToChSV, analysed by another research group), and Lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus (LNLCV). Elucidation of Torradovirus genome sequences revealed that their RNA1 contained one open reading frame (ORF) that contains motifs typical for proteins involved in replication, i.e. helicase, protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). RNA2, on the other hand, contained two ORFs (RNA2-ORF1 and RNA2-ORF2) that coded for a small (~20 kDa) protein of unknown function, the putative movement protein, and the three coat proteins, respectively. Considering the economic importance of Torradoviruses and their emerging character, attempts were made to develop a diagnostic tool to detect the presence of these viruses. To this end generic PCR primer pairs (Torradovirus-1F/Torradovirus-1R and Torradovirus-2F/Torradovirus-2R) were developed against highly conserved regions in RNA1 and RNA2, respectively. Evaluation of these primer sets revealed that they supported detection of all currently known Torradoviruses. Limited information indicated that members of the genus Torradovirus were transmitted by whiteflies. By a detailed study using varying acquisition access periods and inoculation access periods, it was demonstrated that ToTV, ToMarV and ToChV are all transmitted by three whitefly species, namely Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trialeurodes abutilonea and Bemisia tabaci. The mode of transmission was determined as semi-persistent, i.e. like viruses that enter and remain in the foregut until being transmitted to another plant host. However, localisation of the viral RNA within the whitefly vector confirmed the presence of virus in the stylets and thereby showed that Torradoviruses represent the first spherical viruses transmitted by whiteflies in a semi-persistent and stylet-borne manner.
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two generic pcr primer sets for the detection of members of the genus Torradovirus
Journal of Virological Methods, 2012Co-Authors: M Verbeek, Joe Tang, L I WardAbstract:Abstract Two degenerate primer pairs were designed for the universal detection of members of the genus Torradovirus. Primer pair Torrado-1F/Torrado-1R was designed based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region located in RNA1 and primer pair Torrado-2F/Torrado-2R based on a region overlapping the two first coat proteins Vp35 and Vp26 in RNA2. The primers were used in two-step and one-step RT-PCR protocols. Both primer pairs were able to detect 14 out of 15 isolates belonging to the two Torradovirus species Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) and Tomato marchitez virus (ToMarV) and the two tentative species Tomato chocolate spot virus (ToChSV) and Tomato chocolate virus (ToChV). Due to poor sample quality, one isolate of ToTV was detected with primer pair Torrado-2F/Torrado-2R and not with primer pair Torrado-1F/Torrado-1R, suggesting that the latter primer pair was less sensitive. Nevertheless, both primer pairs proved to be suitable for the universal RT-PCR detection of Torradoviruses and can be deployed for the detection of all currently known Torradoviruses and possibly for the detection of new members of this group.
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First Report of Tomato torrado virus Infecting Tomato in Colombia
Plant Disease, 2012Co-Authors: M Verbeek, A M DullemansAbstract:Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants grown in plastic greenhouses near Villa de Leyva, northeast of Bogota, Colombia showed necrotic spots on the leaves in September 2008. Initial symptoms were necrosis beginning at the base of leaflets that were surrounded by yellow areas. These symptoms resembled those described for Tomato torrado virus (ToTV; family Secoviridae, genus Torradovirus), which was first found in Spain (2). Other (tentative) members of the genus Torradovirus, Tomato marchitez virus (ToMarV), Tomato chocolate spot virus (ToChSV), and Tomato chocolate virus (ToChV) (3) induce similar symptoms on tomato plants. One sample, coded T418, was stored in the freezer and brought to our lab in 2011. Serological tests (double-antibody sandwich-ELISA) using polyclonal antibodies (Prime Diagnostics, Wageningen, The Netherlands) on leaf extracts showed the absence of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus X (PV...
Przemysław Wieczorek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Contribution of Tomato torrado virus Vp26 coat protein subunit to systemic necrosis induction and virus infectivity in Solanum lycopersicum
Virology Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Przemysław Wieczorek, Barbara Wrzesińska, Patryk Frąckowiak, Arnika Przybylska, Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowskaAbstract:Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) infection manifests with burn-like symptoms on leaves, leaflets and upper stem parts of susceptible infected plants. The symptoms caused by ToTV may be considered as one of the most severe virus-induced forms of systemic necrosis, which spreads within the whole plant and leads to a lethal phenotype. However, to date there are no data revealing which viral genes encode for a specific pathogenicity determinant that triggers the plant necrotic response for any Torradovirus. In this study we evaluated the influence of three coat protein subunits of ToTV: Vp23, Vp26 and Vp35, transiently expressed from a PVX-based vector, and checked their association with the induction of systemic necrosis in infected Solanum lycopersicum L. (cv. Beta Lux), a natural host of ToTV. To estimate how ToTV coat protein subunits might contribute in plant response to virus infection we over-expressed the proteins from PVX-based vector in tomato and analyzed enzymatic activities related with plant defense response. By doing protein qualitative analysis performed by mass spectrometry we indicated the PR10 in protein fraction with induced ribonuclease activity. We observed that only the Vp26 enhanced PVX pathogenicity causing severe necrosis of the infected plant. Moreover, we indicated increased RNase and oxidative activities in plants infected with PVX-Vp26 chimeras only. Importantly, we suspected that this increased RNase activity is associated with increased accumulation of PR10 mRNA and products of its translation. On the basis of the obtained results, we indicated that Vp26 acts as the elicitor of hypersensitive response-like reactions of PVX-Vp26 manifesting with enhanced pathogenicity of the recombined PVX. This might be the first described suspected necrosis determinant of Torradoviruses infecting tomatoes.
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Contribution of Tomato torrado virus Vp26 coat protein subunit to systemic necrosis induction and virus infectivity in Solanum lycopersicum
Virology Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Przemysław Wieczorek, Barbara Wrzesińska, Patryk Frąckowiak, Arnika Przybylska, Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowskaAbstract:Background Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) infection manifests with burn-like symptoms on leaves, leaflets and upper stem parts of susceptible infected plants. The symptoms caused by ToTV may be considered as one of the most severe virus-induced forms of systemic necrosis, which spreads within the whole plant and leads to a lethal phenotype. However, to date there are no data revealing which viral genes encode for a specific pathogenicity determinant that triggers the plant necrotic response for any Torradovirus. In this study we evaluated the influence of three coat protein subunits of ToTV: Vp23, Vp26 and Vp35, transiently expressed from a PVX-based vector, and checked their association with the induction of systemic necrosis in infected Solanum lycopersicum L. ( cv. Beta Lux ), a natural host of ToTV. Methods To estimate how ToTV coat protein subunits might contribute in plant response to virus infection we over-expressed the proteins from PVX-based vector in tomato and analyzed enzymatic activities related with plant defense response. By doing protein qualitative analysis performed by mass spectrometry we indicated the PR10 in protein fraction with induced ribonuclease activity. Results We observed that only the Vp26 enhanced PVX pathogenicity causing severe necrosis of the infected plant. Moreover, we indicated increased RNase and oxidative activities in plants infected with PVX-Vp26 chimeras only. Importantly, we suspected that this increased RNase activity is associated with increased accumulation of PR10 mRNA and products of its translation. Conclusions On the basis of the obtained results, we indicated that Vp26 acts as the elicitor of hypersensitive response-like reactions of PVX-Vp26 manifesting with enhanced pathogenicity of the recombined PVX. This might be the first described suspected necrosis determinant of Torradoviruses infecting tomatoes.
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The N-terminal fragment of the tomato torrado virus RNA1-encoded polyprotein induces a hypersensitive response (HR)-like reaction in Nicotiana benthamiana
Archives of Virology, 2016Co-Authors: Przemysław Wieczorek, Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowskaAbstract:The hypersensitive response (HR) is a defence reaction observed during incompatible plant-pathogen interactions in plants infected with a wide range of fungi, bacteria and viruses. Here, we show that an N-terminal polyprotein fragment encoded by tomato torrado virus RNA1, located between the first ATG codon and the protease cofactor (ProCo) motif, induces an HR-like reaction in Nicotiana benthamiana . Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transient expression of the first 105 amino acids (the calculated molecular weight of the fragment was ca. 11.33 kDa, hereafter refered to as the 11K domain) from ToTV RNA1 induced an HR-like phenotype in infiltrated leaves. To investigate whether the 11K domain could influence the virulence and pathogenicity of a recombinant virus, we created a potato virus X (PVX) with the 11K coding sequence inserted under a duplicated coat protein promoter. We found that 11K substantially increased the virulence of the recombinant virus. Disease phenotype induced in N. benthamiana by PVX-11K was characterized by strong local and systemic necrosis. This was not observed when the 11K domain was expressed from PVX in an antisense orientation. Further analyses revealed that the 11K domain could not suppress posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the N. benthamiana 16c line. In silico analysis of the predicted secondary structure of the 11K domain indicated the presence of two putative helices that are highly conserved in tomato-infecting representatives of the genus Torradovirus .
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A single amino acid substitution in movement protein of tomato torrado virus influences ToTV infectivity in Solanum lycopersicum
Virus Research, 2015Co-Authors: Przemysław Wieczorek, Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowskaAbstract:Tomato torrado virus (ToTV), which is a tomato-infecting member of the genus Torradovirus, induces severe systemic necrosis in Solanum lycopersicum cv. Beta Lux as well as leaf malformation and chlorosis in Nicotiana benthamiana. To date, neither the tomato gene conferring resistance to the pathogen nor the ToTV-encoded necrosis determinant have been characterized. We herein revealed that the phenylalanine 210 residue in the movement protein domain encoded by ToTV RNA2 is a necrosis-inducing pathogenicity determinant during tomato infection. Using a ToTV infectious RNA2 clone, we performed site-directed mutagenesis of the phenylalanine 210 residue, confirming its importance during ToTV infection and symptom manifestation in S. lycopersicum cv. Beta Lux, but not in N. benthamiana.
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Genetic variability within the Polish tomato torrado virus Kra isolate caused by deletions in the 3'-untranslated region of genomic RNA1.
Virus Research, 2014Co-Authors: Marta Budziszewska, Przemysław Wieczorek, Yanping Zhang, Dmitrij Frishman, Aleksandra Obrępalska-stęplowskaAbstract:Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) is in the genus Torradovirus in the family Secoviridae. ToTV contains a single-stranded, positive-sense, bipartite RNA genome encapsidated in icosahedral particles. It is a serious tomato pathogen causing significant crop reductions. Its occurrence has been reported from many countries worldwide. However, the state of knowledge of ToTV epidemiology, sequences and phylogeny is still rather poor. In this study we found that the Polish ToTV isolates are characterized by significant genetic variability of the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of RNA1. The high resolution melting real-time PCR approach showed the presence of genetic variants within Polish ToTV isolates purified from Nicotiana benthamiana. Further sequencing of Kra ToTV revealed five genetic variants of RNA1 within the isolate differing in the 3′-untranslated region length resulting from deletions ranging from 6 to 163 nucleotides. In light of the published studies, the genetic variability of ToTV associated with large deletions within an isolate may not necessarily be rare and may influence the virus evolution and adaptation.
Martin Verbeek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus, a new plant virus infecting lettuce and a proposed member of the genus Torradovirus
Archives of Virology, 2014Co-Authors: Martin Verbeek, Annette Dullemans, Henry M. G. Raaij, Jacobus Th. J. Verhoeven, René VlugtAbstract:A new virus was isolated from a lettuce plant grown in an open field in the Netherlands in 2011. This plant was showing conspicuous symptoms that consisted of necrosis and moderate leaf curling. The virus was mechanically transferred to indicator plants, and a total RNA extract of one of these indicator plants was used for next-generation sequencing. Analysis of the sequences that were obtained and further biological studies showed that the virus was related to, but clearly distinct from, viruses belonging to the genus Torradovirus . The name “lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus” (LNLCV) is proposed for this new Torradovirus.
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Torradoviruses are transmitted in a semi-persistent and stylet-borne manner by three whitefly vectors.
Virus Research, 2013Co-Authors: Martin Verbeek, A M Dullemans, Petra J. Van Bekkum, Rene Van Der VlugtAbstract:Abstract Members of the genus Torradovirus (family Secoviridae, type species Tomato torrado virus, ToTV) are spherical plant viruses transmitted by the whitefly species Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci. Knowledge on the mode of vector transmission is lacking for Torradoviruses. Here, the mode of transmission was determined for Tomato marchitez virus (ToMarV). A minimal acquisition access period (AAP) and inoculation access period (IAP) of approximately 2 h each was required for its transmission by T. vaporariorum, while optimal transmission required an AAP and IAP of at least 16 h and 8 h, respectively. Whiteflies could retain the virus under non-feeding conditions for at least 8 h without loss of transmission efficiency, but upon feeding on a non-host plant in between the AAP and IAP they retained the virus for no more than 8 h. Similar conditions supported transmission of isolates of ToTV and Tomato chocolate virus (ToChV) by T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci. Additionally, similar experiments revealed the banded-winged whitefly (Trialeurodes abutilonea) as a vector for all three virus species. The results are congruent with acquisition and retention periods for semi-persistent virus transmission. RT-PCR detection analysis of ToTV and ToMarV in the vector's body revealed their presence in the stylet, but not in the head where the pharynx of the foregut is located. The results altogether indicate a semi-persistent stylet-borne mode of vector transmission for Torradoviruses. Additionally, this is the first group of spherical viruses transmitted by at least three different species of whiteflies.
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Tomato chocolàte virus: a new plant virus infecting tomato and a proposed member of the genus Torradovirus
Archives of Virology, 2010Co-Authors: Martin Verbeek, Annette Dullemans, Hans Heuvel, Paul Maris, René VlugtAbstract:A new virus was isolated from a tomato plant from Guatemala showing necrotic spots on the bases of the leaves and chocolate-brown patches on the fruits. Structural and molecular analysis showed the virus to be clearly related to but distinct from the recently described Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) and Tomato marchitez virus (ToMarV), both members of the genus Torradovirus . The name tomato chocolàte virus is proposed for this new Torradovirus.