The Experts below are selected from a list of 2922 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Christopher L Holloway - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • estimating and reducing uncertainty in reverberation chamber characterization at millimeter wave frequencies
    IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2016
    Co-Authors: Damir Senic, Christopher L Holloway, Kate A. Remley, Dylan F. Williams, Diogo C. Ribeiro, Chihming Jack Wang, Ansgar T Kirk
    Abstract:

    This contribution provides techniques for accurately characterizing uncertainty when measuring Total Radiated Power (TRP) at millimeter-wave frequencies. The setup is based on the reverberation chamber as a well-known measurement environment capable of performing TRP measurements of wireless devices. We show that by applying various stirring techniques, we can reduce the random component of measurement uncertainty to around 2%. We use a model for estimating the uncertainty for TRP measurements based on the $K$ factor, which is compared with uncertainties calculated from relative Power measurements and we show excellent agreement. We perform a significance test to confirm that the uncertainty due to the limited number of mode-stirred samples dominates over the uncertainty due to the lack of spatial uniformity. The observed uncertainty is also compared with an ideal chamber situation and shows good agreement.

  • a significance test for reverberation chamber measurement uncertainty in Total Radiated Power of wireless devices
    IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2016
    Co-Authors: Kate A. Remley, Dylan F. Williams, Chihming Jack Wang, Johannes Aan Den J Toorn, Christopher L Holloway
    Abstract:

    We develop a significance test that determines whether the component of uncertainty due to the finite number of stepped mode-stirring samples or the component due to the lack of spatial uniformity dominates for a particular chamber setup and stirring sequence, as well as expressions for uncertainty for both cases. The significance test is illustrated with a measurement example comparing unloaded and loaded chambers for the measurement of a large-form-factor machine-to-machine device transmitting the wideband code-division-multiple-access (W-CDMA) protocol. Based on this example, we illustrate a method that allows users to estimate the minimum number of stepped mode-stirring samples needed to ensure that the component of uncertainty due to spatial uniformity dominates for a given chamber setup, allowing the use of a simplified expression for uncertainty.

  • Radiated Power based on wave parameters at millimeter-wave frequencies for integrated wireless devices
    2016 88th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG), 2016
    Co-Authors: Damir Senic, Kate A. Remley, Dylan F. Williams, Diogo C. Ribeiro, Chih-ming Wang, Christopher L Holloway
    Abstract:

    We provide Total Radiated Power measurements at millimeter-wave frequencies using a reverberation chamber and a Power-calibrated vector network analyzer capable of measuring wave parameters. We compare Total Radiated Power results obtained from two different approaches. In the first approach, applicable when the terminals of the antenna under test are accessible, the Total Radiated Power is calculated directly from forward and reflected waves. In the second approach, when we cannot access the terminals of the antenna under test, the Total Radiated Power is calculated from measured forward and reflected waves at the receive antenna taking into account chamber loss. The results from the two different approaches have excellent agreement, and are within the measurement uncertainty. The uncertainty in our Total Radiated Power measurements is below 2%.

  • Total Radiated Power limits for emission measurements in a reverberation chamber
    International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2003
    Co-Authors: Christopher L Holloway, Perry F Wilson, Galen H Koepke, M Candidi
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we present a limit on Total Radiated Power for emission measurements in reverberation chambers. This Total Radiated Power limit is intended to be equivalent to the FCC maximum E-field for emission testing over a ground plane.

  • emission and immunity standards replacing field at a distance measurements with Total Radiated Power measurements
    International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2001
    Co-Authors: Perry F Wilson, Galen H Koepke, John M Ladbury, Christopher L Holloway
    Abstract:

    This paper examines the use of Total Radiated Power measurements, combined with theory-based directivity estimates, to generate accurate estimates for the maximum radiation and reception from a device. This approach may be a useful alternative to present test methods for emission and immunity as frequencies above 1GHz become necessary for EMC standards. Radiation-pattern data for theory-based estimates, Monte Carlo simulations of an arbitrary device, and measurements on a sample device are presented, and good data agreement is demonstrated.

Anders Stjernman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Angular sampling, Test Signal, and Near Field Aspects for Over-the-Air Total Radiated Power Assessment in Anechoic Chambers
    arXiv: Signal Processing, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jonas Fridén, Aidin Razavi, Anders Stjernman
    Abstract:

    5th Generation Mobile Network Systems(5G systems) operating in milli-meter Wave (mmW) bands will employ base stations with integrated Active Antenna Systems (AASs) capable of beam-tracking using narrow beams obtained from array antennas encapsulated in a chip-like device. Regulatory limits for unwanted Radio Frequency (RF) emissions are currently set in terms of Total Radiated Power (TRP). As measurements at the antenna connectors are not possible, Over-The-Air (OTA) methods for TRP of unwanted emissions are needed. The method investigated here uses Power density measurements on a spherical surface in an anechoic chamber. Two major challenges with such a method are: need for large number of angular points, and search for worst case antenna configuration per frequency for electrically large devices at high frequencies. These challenges are addressed by investigating the impact of correlation, sparse sampling, and use of beam sweeping on the TRP estimate. Finally, it is investigated how and in which spatial regions near-field tangential electric field measurements can be used to assess TRP.

  • angular sampling test signal and near field aspects for over the air Total Radiated Power assessment in anechoic chambers
    IEEE Access, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jonas Fridén, Aidin Razavi, Anders Stjernman
    Abstract:

    5th-generation mobile network systems operating in millimeter-wave bands will employ base stations with integrated active antenna systems. Such systems are capable of beam-tracking using narrow beams obtained from antenna arrays. Regulatory limits for unwanted radio frequency and Over-The-Air methods for TRP of unwanted emissions are needed. The method investigated here uses Power density measurements on a spherical surface in an anechoic chamber. Two major challenges with such a method are: need for a large number of angular points and search for a worst case antenna configuration per frequency for electrically large devices at high frequencies. These challenges are addressed by investigating sparse sampling and use of beam sweeping. Finally, it is investigated how and in which spatial regions near-field tangential electric field measurements can be used to assess TRP.

Jonas Fridén - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • over the air testing for Total Radiated Power of unwanted emissions
    IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jonas Fridén, Aidin Razavi, Elena Pucci
    Abstract:

    5th Generation Mobile Networks (5G) will employ mm-wave base stations with integrated Active Antenna Systems (AASs) with beam-tracking capabilities using narrow beams obtained from array antennas integrated with radios and Power Amplifiers (PAs). The integration of antennas and electronics means that measurements at antenna connectors are not possible. Regulatory limits for unwanted Radio Frequency (RF) emissions are currently set in terms of Total Radiated Power (TRP). With no antenna connectors, Over-the-Air (OTA) methods for TRP of unwanted emissions are needed. Major challenges are: large number of angular points for electrically large devices at mm-wave frequencies, and large number of possible antenna configurations per frequency. Herein, an OTA TRP measurement method based on Power density measurements on a spherical surface in an anechoic chamber is investigated.

  • Angular sampling, Test Signal, and Near Field Aspects for Over-the-Air Total Radiated Power Assessment in Anechoic Chambers
    arXiv: Signal Processing, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jonas Fridén, Aidin Razavi, Anders Stjernman
    Abstract:

    5th Generation Mobile Network Systems(5G systems) operating in milli-meter Wave (mmW) bands will employ base stations with integrated Active Antenna Systems (AASs) capable of beam-tracking using narrow beams obtained from array antennas encapsulated in a chip-like device. Regulatory limits for unwanted Radio Frequency (RF) emissions are currently set in terms of Total Radiated Power (TRP). As measurements at the antenna connectors are not possible, Over-The-Air (OTA) methods for TRP of unwanted emissions are needed. The method investigated here uses Power density measurements on a spherical surface in an anechoic chamber. Two major challenges with such a method are: need for large number of angular points, and search for worst case antenna configuration per frequency for electrically large devices at high frequencies. These challenges are addressed by investigating the impact of correlation, sparse sampling, and use of beam sweeping on the TRP estimate. Finally, it is investigated how and in which spatial regions near-field tangential electric field measurements can be used to assess TRP.

  • angular sampling test signal and near field aspects for over the air Total Radiated Power assessment in anechoic chambers
    IEEE Access, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jonas Fridén, Aidin Razavi, Anders Stjernman
    Abstract:

    5th-generation mobile network systems operating in millimeter-wave bands will employ base stations with integrated active antenna systems. Such systems are capable of beam-tracking using narrow beams obtained from antenna arrays. Regulatory limits for unwanted radio frequency and Over-The-Air methods for TRP of unwanted emissions are needed. The method investigated here uses Power density measurements on a spherical surface in an anechoic chamber. Two major challenges with such a method are: need for a large number of angular points and search for a worst case antenna configuration per frequency for electrically large devices at high frequencies. These challenges are addressed by investigating sparse sampling and use of beam sweeping. Finally, it is investigated how and in which spatial regions near-field tangential electric field measurements can be used to assess TRP.

Ruonan Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • high Power radiation at 1 thz in silicon a fully scalable array using a multi functional radiating mesh structure
    IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mehmet Kaynak, Ruonan Han
    Abstract:

    We introduce a highly scalable architecture of coherent harmonic oscillator array for high-Power and narrow-beamwidth radiation in the mid-terahertz (THz) band. The array consists of horizontal and vertical slotlines (i.e., slot mesh) located at the boundaries between oscillator elements. Through such a structure, the following operations are achieved simultaneously: 1) maximum oscillation Power at fundamental frequency $f_{0}$ ; 2) precise synchronization of the oscillation phase among elements; 3) cancellation of the radiation at $f_{0}$ , $2f_{0}$ , and $3f_{0}$ ; and 4) efficient radiation and Power combining at $4f_{0}$ . The resultant compact design fits into the optimal radiator pitch of $\lambda _{4f_{0}}/2$ (half wavelength) for the suppression of sidelobes, hence enabling implementation of high-density THz arrays. In particular, an array prototype of 42 coherent radiators (with 91 resonant antennas) at 1 THz is presented using the IHP S13G2 130-nm SiGe process. The chip occupies only 1-mm2 area and consumes 1.1 W of dc Power. The measured Total Radiated Power and the effective isotropically Radiated Power are 80 $\mu \text{W}$ and 13 dBm, respectively.

  • fully scalable 2d thz radiating array a 42 element source in 130 nm sige with 80 µw Total Radiated Power at 1 01 thz
    Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium, 2017
    Co-Authors: Ruonan Han
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a 1-THz radiating array using IHP 130-nm SiGe process. It is based on a highly-scalable 2D structure that uses a square grid of slots to simultaneously (1) maximize and synchronize the fundamental oscillation (ƒ 0 =250 GHz) and 4th-harmonic generation (4ƒ 0 =1 THz) of a large array of transistors, (2) synthesize standing-wave patterns with near-field cancellation at ƒ 0 , 2ƒ 0 and 3ƒ 0 and efficient radiation at 4ƒ 0 . The compact design enables implementation of 42 coherent radiators on a 1-mm2 area. The chip consumes 1.1-W DC Power and generates 80-µW Total Radiated Power with 13-dBm EIRP.

  • 17 6 rapid and energy efficient molecular sensing using dual mm wave combs in 65nm cmos a 220 to 320ghz spectrometer with 5 2mw Radiated Power and 14 6 to 19 5db noise figure
    International Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2017
    Co-Authors: Cheng Wang, Ruonan Han
    Abstract:

    Millimeter-wave/terahertz rotational spectroscopy offers ultra-wide-detection range of gas molecules for chemical and biomedical sensing. Therefore, wideband, energy-efficient, and fast-scanning CMOS spectrometers are in demand. Spectrometers using narrow-pulse sources and electromagnetic scattering [1] are broadband, but their resolutions do not meet the requirement (<10kHz) of the absolute specificity. Alternatively, a scheme using a single tunable tone exhibits significant trade-off between bandwidth and performance. The 245GHz spectrometer in [2] presents 4mW Radiated Power, but only has a 14GHz bandwidth. In [3] and [4], broader bandwidths are achieved at the expense of degraded Radiated Power (0.1mW) and noise figure (NF=18.4 to ∼23.5dB). In addition, given a typical 10kHz resolution and 1ms integration time, scanning a 100GHz bandwidth with a single tone takes as long as 3 hours. This paper reports a rapid, energy-efficient spectrometer architecture based on dual-frequency-comb scanning. A 220-to-320GHz CMOS spectrometer prototype based on this architecture is demonstrated with a Total Radiated Power of 5.2mW and a NF of 14.6 to ∼19.5dB.

  • a sige terahertz heterodyne imaging transmitter with 3 3 mw Radiated Power and fully integrated phase locked loop
    IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ruonan Han, Chen Jiang, Ali Mostajeran, Mohammad Javad Emadi, Hamidreza Aghasi, Hani Sherry, Andreia Cathelin, Ehsan Afshari
    Abstract:

    A high-Power 320 GHz transmitter using 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology ( $f_{T}/f_{\max} =$ 220/280 GHz) is reported. This transmitter consists of a 4 × 4 array of radiators based on coupled harmonic oscillators. By incorporating a signal filter structure called return-path gap coupler into a differential self-feeding oscillator, the proposed 320 GHz radiator simultaneously maximizes the fundamental oscillation Power, harmonic generation, as well as on-chip radiation. To facilitate the TX-RX synchronization of a future terahertz (THz) heterodyne imaging chipset, a fully-integrated phase-locked loop (PLL) is also implemented in the transmitter. Such on-chip phase-locking capability is the first demonstration for all THz radiators in silicon. In the far-field measurement, the Total Radiated Power and EIRP of the chip is 3.3 mW and 22.5 dBm, respectively. The transmitter consumes 610 mW DC Power, which leads to a DC-to-THz radiation efficiency of 0.54%. To the authors' best knowledge, this work presents the highest Radiated Power and DC-to-THz radiation efficiency in silicon-based THz radiating sources.

Eran Socher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a 0 3 thz radiating active times hbox 27 frequency multiplier chain with 1 mw Radiated Power in cmos 65 nm
    IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Samuel Jameson, Eran Socher
    Abstract:

    In this paper, a $\times$ 27 radiating active frequency multiplier chain at 288 GHz is presented. The circuit output is connected to a single on-chip ring antenna radiating a record high Total Radiated Power of 1 mW for a DC Power consumption of 284 mW at 288 GHz. The circuit has a $-{\hbox{3}}~{\hbox{dB}}$ bandwidth of 15 GHz (277–292 GHz), an EIRP of $+{\hbox{10.2}}~{\hbox{dBm}}$ and a record Radiated DC-to-RF efficiency of 0.34% for a radiating frequency multiplying chain, enabled by direct drain transistor to on-chip antenna connection. The antenna has a measured directivity of $+{\hbox{10.2}}~{\hbox{dBi}}$ at 288 GHz. Realized in a 65-nm technology, this is the first CMOS integrated locked radiating source to achieve 1 mW of Radiated Power above 0.2 THz.