The Experts below are selected from a list of 159 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John G Jelesko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessing poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans presence and functional traits in relation to land cover and biophysical factors
Physical Geography, 2021Co-Authors: Lynn M Resler, J T Fry, Scotland Leman, John G JeleskoAbstract:Understanding species distributions remains central to research in ecology and biogeography. Emphasis is placed on the spatial presence/absence of plants as related to underlying environmental fact...
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poison ivy hairy root cultures enable a stable transformation system suitable for detailed investigation of urushiol metabolism
Plant Direct, 2020Co-Authors: Eva Collakova, Aneirin A Lott, Catherine P Freed, Christopher C Dickinson, Susan R Whitehead, John G JeleskoAbstract:Poison ivy (Toxicodendron Radicans) is best known for causing exasperating allergenic delayed-contact dermatitis symptoms that last for weeks on persons who have contacted the plant. Urushiols are alkylcatechols produced by poison ivy responsible for causing this dermatitis. While urushiol chemical structures are well known, the metabolic intermediates and genes responsible for their biosynthesis have not been experimentally validated. A molecular genetic characterization of urushiol biosynthesis in poison ivy will require stable genetic transformation and subsequent regeneration of organs that retain the capacity synthesize urushiol. To this end, Agrobacterium rhizogenes was used to generate hormone-independent poison ivy hairy root cultures. Optimal conditions for hairy root formation were skotomorphic poison ivy hypocotyls prick-inoculated with A. rhizogenes, and preferential propagation of cultures with an atypical clumpy hairy root growth habit. The origin of the poison ivy accession used for A. rhizogenes prick-inoculation did not affect the initial formation of calli/hairy root primordia, but rather significantly influenced the establishment of long-term hormone-independent hairy root growth. A. rhizogenes harboring a recombinant T-DNA binary plasmid with an intron-containing Firefly Luciferase gene produced stable transgenic hairy root lines expressing luciferase activity at high frequency. Poison ivy hairy root lines produced significantly lower steady-state urushiol levels relative to wild-type roots, but higher urushiol levels than a poison ivy undifferentiated callus line with undetectable urushiol levels, suggesting that urushiol biosynthesis requires intact poison ivy organs. The lower urushiol levels in poison ivy hairy root lines facilitated the first identification of anacardic acid metabolites initially in hairy roots, and subsequently in wild-type roots as well. This study establishes a transformation hairy root regeneration protocol for poison ivy that can serve as a platform for future reverse-genetic studies of urushiol biosynthesis in poison ivy hairy roots.
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sequencing and de novo assembly of the Toxicodendron Radicans poison ivy transcriptome
Genes, 2017Co-Authors: Gunjune Kim, Alexandra J Weisberg, James H Westwood, John G JeleskoAbstract:Contact with poison ivy plants is widely dreaded because they produce a natural product called urushiol that is responsible for allergenic contact delayed-dermatitis symptoms lasting for weeks. For this reason, the catchphrase most associated with poison ivy is “leaves of three, let it be”, which serves the purpose of both identification and an appeal for avoidance. Ironically, despite this notoriety, there is a dearth of specific knowledge about nearly all other aspects of poison ivy physiology and ecology. As a means of gaining a more molecular-oriented understanding of poison ivy physiology and ecology, Next Generation DNA sequencing technology was used to develop poison ivy root and leaf RNA-seq transcriptome resources. De novo assembled transcriptomes were analyzed to generate a core set of high quality expressed transcripts present in poison ivy tissue. The predicted protein sequences were evaluated for similarity to SwissProt homologs and InterProScan domains, as well as assigned both GO terms and KEGG annotations. Over 23,000 simple sequence repeats were identified in the transcriptome, and corresponding oligo nucleotide primer pairs were designed. A pan-transcriptome analysis of existing Anacardiaceae transcriptomes revealed conserved and unique transcripts among these species.
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MALDI-MS Imaging of Urushiols in Poison Ivy Stem
MDPI AG, 2017Co-Authors: Mina Aziz, Drew Sturteva, Jorda Winsto, Eva Collakova, John G Jelesko, Ke D. ChapmaAbstract:Urushiols are the allergenic components of Toxicodendron Radicans (poison ivy) as well as other Toxicodendron species. They are alk-(en)-yl catechol derivatives with a 15- or 17-carbon side chain having different degrees of unsaturation. Although several methods have been developed for analysis of urushiols in plant tissues, the in situ localization of the different urushiol congeners has not been reported. Here, we report on the first analysis of urushiols in poison ivy stems by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Our results show that the urushiol congeners with 15-carbon side chains are mainly localized to the resin ducts, while those with 17-carbon side chains are widely distributed in cortex and vascular tissues. The presence of these urushiols in stem extracts of poison ivy seedlings was confirmed by GC-MS. These novel findings provide new insights into the spatial tissue distribution of urushiols that might be biosynthetically or functionally relevant
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first report of seedling blight of eastern poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans by colletotrichum fioriniae in virginia
Plant Disease, 2014Co-Authors: Matthew T Kasso, J R Pollok, Elise Enhase, John G JeleskoAbstract:Colletotrichum fioriniae is a member of the large cosmopolitan C. acutatum species complex (2). Known agricultural hosts of C. acutatum include apple, European blueberry, grape, olive, papaya, and strawberry (2). In contrast, the life history of C. fioriniae ranges from an epizootic of certain scale insect populations to an endophyte of plants (3,4). The present study extends the phytopathology of C. fioriniae to include poison ivy seedlings. Poison ivy (Toxicodendron Radicans) drupes were collected from solitary lianas in Roanoke and Montgomery counties, Virginia. These drupes were subjected to experiments aimed at producing sterile seedlings (1); however, there was extensive blighting and wilting in the germinated seedlings. Associated with the drupes and seedlings was a fungus with white to pale olivaceous grey mycelium with orange blister-like conidiomata and sclerotial masses enclosing the drupe mesocarp as well as conidiomata emerging from blighted, necrotic leaves. Condiomata were plated onto acidi...
James S Clark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2 reply
Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Moha, Kate George, Richard Thomas, Richard C Siche, Lewis H Ziska, James S Clark, William H SchlesingeAbstract:Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 89 (2008): 585–587, doi:10.1890/07-0660.1.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2 reply
Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Mohan, Richard B Thomas, Richard C Sicher, Kate George, Lewis H Ziska, James S Clark, William H SchlesingerAbstract:Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 89 (2008): 585–587, doi:10.1890/07-0660.1.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Mohan, William H Schlesinger, Richard B Thomas, Richard C Sicher, Kate George, Lewis H Ziska, James S ClarkAbstract:Contact with poison ivy (Toxicodendron Radicans) is one of the most widely reported ailments at poison centers in the United States, and this plant has been introduced throughout the world, where it occurs with other allergenic members of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae). Approximately 80% of humans develop dermatitis upon exposure to the carbon-based active compound, urushiol. It is not known how poison ivy might respond to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), but previous work done in controlled growth chambers shows that other vines exhibit large growth enhancement from elevated CO2. Rising CO2 is potentially responsible for the increased vine abundance that is inhibiting forest regeneration and increasing tree mortality around the world. In this 6-year study at the Duke University Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment, we show that elevated atmospheric CO2 in an intact forest ecosystem increases photosynthesis, water use efficiency, growth, and population biomass of poison ivy. The CO2 growth stimulation exceeds that of most other woody species. Furthermore, high-CO2 plants produce a more allergenic form of urushiol. Our results indicate that Toxicodendron taxa will become more abundant and more “toxic” in the future, potentially affecting global forest dynamics and human health.
Jacqueline E Mohan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2 reply
Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Mohan, Richard B Thomas, Richard C Sicher, Kate George, Lewis H Ziska, James S Clark, William H SchlesingerAbstract:Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 89 (2008): 585–587, doi:10.1890/07-0660.1.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Mohan, William H Schlesinger, Richard B Thomas, Richard C Sicher, Kate George, Lewis H Ziska, James S ClarkAbstract:Contact with poison ivy (Toxicodendron Radicans) is one of the most widely reported ailments at poison centers in the United States, and this plant has been introduced throughout the world, where it occurs with other allergenic members of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae). Approximately 80% of humans develop dermatitis upon exposure to the carbon-based active compound, urushiol. It is not known how poison ivy might respond to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), but previous work done in controlled growth chambers shows that other vines exhibit large growth enhancement from elevated CO2. Rising CO2 is potentially responsible for the increased vine abundance that is inhibiting forest regeneration and increasing tree mortality around the world. In this 6-year study at the Duke University Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment, we show that elevated atmospheric CO2 in an intact forest ecosystem increases photosynthesis, water use efficiency, growth, and population biomass of poison ivy. The CO2 growth stimulation exceeds that of most other woody species. Furthermore, high-CO2 plants produce a more allergenic form of urushiol. Our results indicate that Toxicodendron taxa will become more abundant and more “toxic” in the future, potentially affecting global forest dynamics and human health.
Lewis H Ziska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2 reply
Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Moha, Kate George, Richard Thomas, Richard C Siche, Lewis H Ziska, James S Clark, William H SchlesingeAbstract:Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 89 (2008): 585–587, doi:10.1890/07-0660.1.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2 reply
Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Mohan, Richard B Thomas, Richard C Sicher, Kate George, Lewis H Ziska, James S Clark, William H SchlesingerAbstract:Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 89 (2008): 585–587, doi:10.1890/07-0660.1.
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rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and potential impacts on the growth and toxicity of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans
Weed Science, 2007Co-Authors: Lewis H Ziska, Kate George, Richard C Siche, Jacqueline E MohaAbstract:Abstract Because of its ability to induce contact dermatitis, the establishment and spread of poison ivy is recognized as a significant public health concern. In the current study, we quantified potential changes in the biomass and urushiol content of poison ivy as a function of incremental changes in global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2). We also examined the rate of new leaf development following leaf removal to simulate responses to herbivory as functions of both CO2 and plant size. The experimental CO2 values (300, 400, 500. and 600 µmol mol−1) corresponded approximately to the concentration that existed during the middle of the 20th century, the current concentration and near and long-term projections for this century (2050 and 2090), respectively. Over 250 d, increasing CO2 resulted in significant increases in leaf area, leaf and stem weight, and rhizome length relative to the 300 µmol mol−1 baseline with the greatest relative increase occurring from 300 to 400 µmol mol−1. There was ...
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Mohan, William H Schlesinger, Richard B Thomas, Richard C Sicher, Kate George, Lewis H Ziska, James S ClarkAbstract:Contact with poison ivy (Toxicodendron Radicans) is one of the most widely reported ailments at poison centers in the United States, and this plant has been introduced throughout the world, where it occurs with other allergenic members of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae). Approximately 80% of humans develop dermatitis upon exposure to the carbon-based active compound, urushiol. It is not known how poison ivy might respond to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), but previous work done in controlled growth chambers shows that other vines exhibit large growth enhancement from elevated CO2. Rising CO2 is potentially responsible for the increased vine abundance that is inhibiting forest regeneration and increasing tree mortality around the world. In this 6-year study at the Duke University Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment, we show that elevated atmospheric CO2 in an intact forest ecosystem increases photosynthesis, water use efficiency, growth, and population biomass of poison ivy. The CO2 growth stimulation exceeds that of most other woody species. Furthermore, high-CO2 plants produce a more allergenic form of urushiol. Our results indicate that Toxicodendron taxa will become more abundant and more “toxic” in the future, potentially affecting global forest dynamics and human health.
Kate George - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2 reply
Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Moha, Kate George, Richard Thomas, Richard C Siche, Lewis H Ziska, James S Clark, William H SchlesingeAbstract:Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 89 (2008): 585–587, doi:10.1890/07-0660.1.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2 reply
Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Mohan, Richard B Thomas, Richard C Sicher, Kate George, Lewis H Ziska, James S Clark, William H SchlesingerAbstract:Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 89 (2008): 585–587, doi:10.1890/07-0660.1.
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rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and potential impacts on the growth and toxicity of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans
Weed Science, 2007Co-Authors: Lewis H Ziska, Kate George, Richard C Siche, Jacqueline E MohaAbstract:Abstract Because of its ability to induce contact dermatitis, the establishment and spread of poison ivy is recognized as a significant public health concern. In the current study, we quantified potential changes in the biomass and urushiol content of poison ivy as a function of incremental changes in global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2). We also examined the rate of new leaf development following leaf removal to simulate responses to herbivory as functions of both CO2 and plant size. The experimental CO2 values (300, 400, 500. and 600 µmol mol−1) corresponded approximately to the concentration that existed during the middle of the 20th century, the current concentration and near and long-term projections for this century (2050 and 2090), respectively. Over 250 d, increasing CO2 resulted in significant increases in leaf area, leaf and stem weight, and rhizome length relative to the 300 µmol mol−1 baseline with the greatest relative increase occurring from 300 to 400 µmol mol−1. There was ...
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron Radicans to elevated atmospheric co2
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Mohan, William H Schlesinger, Richard B Thomas, Richard C Sicher, Kate George, Lewis H Ziska, James S ClarkAbstract:Contact with poison ivy (Toxicodendron Radicans) is one of the most widely reported ailments at poison centers in the United States, and this plant has been introduced throughout the world, where it occurs with other allergenic members of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae). Approximately 80% of humans develop dermatitis upon exposure to the carbon-based active compound, urushiol. It is not known how poison ivy might respond to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), but previous work done in controlled growth chambers shows that other vines exhibit large growth enhancement from elevated CO2. Rising CO2 is potentially responsible for the increased vine abundance that is inhibiting forest regeneration and increasing tree mortality around the world. In this 6-year study at the Duke University Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment, we show that elevated atmospheric CO2 in an intact forest ecosystem increases photosynthesis, water use efficiency, growth, and population biomass of poison ivy. The CO2 growth stimulation exceeds that of most other woody species. Furthermore, high-CO2 plants produce a more allergenic form of urushiol. Our results indicate that Toxicodendron taxa will become more abundant and more “toxic” in the future, potentially affecting global forest dynamics and human health.