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Jian Yu Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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traditional uses phytochemistry and pharmacology of Toxicodendron vernicifluum stokes f a barkley a review
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020Co-Authors: Yunqiang Zhang, Chao Jie Xie, Jin Gou Gao, Cai We Meng, Jian Yu LiuAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley (syn. Rhus verniciflua or vernicifera Stokes, Anacardiaceae) (RVS), the lacquer tree, also known as sumac, has been used in China, Japan and South Korea for thousands of years as a highly durable coating material and a traditional herbal medicine, which contains medicinal ingredients with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-rheumatic activities. Aim of this review This review intends to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of RVS, including its phytochemical data, botanical and pharmacological literature that support its therapeutic potential in treatment on human diseases, with emphasis on the isolation of natural occuring compounds and detailed pharmacological investigations. Materials and methods Specific information of RVS was collected by using the key words “Toxicodendron vernicifluum”, “Rhus verniciflua Stokes”, “Rhus vernicifera Stokes” and “Lacquer tree” through published scientific materials (including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Scifinder, Springer, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar) and other literature sources. Results The major phytoconstituents, 175 of which are presented in this review, including flavonoids, urushiols, terpenes, phenolic acids and other types of compounds, of which flavonoids and urushiols are main components. The extracts and isolates purified from RVS showed a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibition and so on. Conclusion The modern pharmacological research of RVS mainly focus on the pharmacological effects of crude extract or active constituents, of which the flavonoids are widely studied. However, there are few reports on the relationship between pharmacological effects and their structures. And at present, there is still a lack of researches that are of both effective and in-depth. Meanwhile, there is little research on quality control. Apart from the wood and lacquer, other botanical parts also need to be explored further. In addition to phenolic compounds, the study on other types of components in T. vernicifluum would start more sparks for the discovery of new bioactive principles.
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chemical constituents from the heartwood of Toxicodendron vernicifluum stokes f a barkley
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2020Co-Authors: Chao Jie Xie, Jin Gou Gao, Cai We Meng, Jian Yu LiuAbstract:Abstract A phytochemical investigation of the heartwood of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley led to the isolation of twenty-five compounds, including sixteen flavonoids (1–15), one flavonolignan (16), one chromone (17), four benzoic acid derivatives (18–21), two triterpenes (22–23) and two sterols (24–25). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and comparison with previous literature data. Among them, 8 and 21were isolated from the genus Toxicodendron and 5, 9, 13, 17–20, 22 from the family Anacardiaceae for the first time. Furthermore, 21 had been identified only by LC/MS before. 20 was a synthetic product used as anthelmintics, newly identified as a natural product. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic value of these isolates was also discussed in detail.
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the protective effects of vernicilignan a a new flavonolignan isolated from Toxicodendron vernicifluum on sh sy5y cells against oxidative stress induced injury
Fitoterapia, 2019Co-Authors: Ting Zhong, Andong Wang, Jian Yu LiuAbstract:Abstract In this study, a new flavonolignan vernicilignan A was isolated from Toxicodendron vernicifluum. The neuroprotective effects of this compound against H2O2 induced cell injury in SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated by MTT assay and LDH release assay. Vernicilignan A dose-dependently attenuated the cell injury and LDH release induced by H2O2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Further study indicated that vernicilignan A reduced cell apoptosis caused by H2O2 treatment via regulation of some apoptotic related proteins including Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 3 and caspase 9. Also, vernicilignan A increase the cell viability of H2O2 treated cells via the activation of Akt and GSK3β. Base on the findings, vernicilignan A exhibited neuroprotective effects through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and inhibition of mitochondria apoptosis pathway. Vernicilignan A might be a promising therapeutic agent for oxidative stress induced neurodegenerative diseases.
James S Clark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans to elevated atmospheric co2 reply
Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Moha, Lewis H Ziska, Kate George, James S Clark, Richard Thomas, Richard C Siche, William H SchlesingeAbstract:Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 89 (2008): 585–587, doi:10.1890/07-0660.1.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans to elevated atmospheric co2 reply
Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Mohan, Lewis H Ziska, Richard B Thomas, Richard C Sicher, Kate George, James S Clark, William H SchlesingerAbstract:Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 89 (2008): 585–587, doi:10.1890/07-0660.1.
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biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans to elevated atmospheric co2
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006Co-Authors: Jacqueline E Mohan, Lewis H Ziska, William H Schlesinger, Richard B Thomas, Richard C Sicher, Kate George, James S ClarkAbstract:Contact with poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is one of the most widely reported ailments at poison centers in the United States, and this plant has been introduced throughout the world, where it occurs with other allergenic members of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae). Approximately 80% of humans develop dermatitis upon exposure to the carbon-based active compound, urushiol. It is not known how poison ivy might respond to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), but previous work done in controlled growth chambers shows that other vines exhibit large growth enhancement from elevated CO2. Rising CO2 is potentially responsible for the increased vine abundance that is inhibiting forest regeneration and increasing tree mortality around the world. In this 6-year study at the Duke University Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment, we show that elevated atmospheric CO2 in an intact forest ecosystem increases photosynthesis, water use efficiency, growth, and population biomass of poison ivy. The CO2 growth stimulation exceeds that of most other woody species. Furthermore, high-CO2 plants produce a more allergenic form of urushiol. Our results indicate that Toxicodendron taxa will become more abundant and more “toxic” in the future, potentially affecting global forest dynamics and human health.
Joh G. Jelesko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sequencing and de novo assembly of the Toxicodendron radicans poison ivy transcriptome
Genes, 2017Co-Authors: Gunjune Kim, Alexandra J Weisberg, James H Westwood, Joh G. JeleskoAbstract:Contact with poison ivy plants is widely dreaded because they produce a natural product called urushiol that is responsible for allergenic contact delayed-dermatitis symptoms lasting for weeks. For this reason, the catchphrase most associated with poison ivy is “leaves of three, let it be”, which serves the purpose of both identification and an appeal for avoidance. Ironically, despite this notoriety, there is a dearth of specific knowledge about nearly all other aspects of poison ivy physiology and ecology. As a means of gaining a more molecular-oriented understanding of poison ivy physiology and ecology, Next Generation DNA sequencing technology was used to develop poison ivy root and leaf RNA-seq transcriptome resources. De novo assembled transcriptomes were analyzed to generate a core set of high quality expressed transcripts present in poison ivy tissue. The predicted protein sequences were evaluated for similarity to SwissProt homologs and InterProScan domains, as well as assigned both GO terms and KEGG annotations. Over 23,000 simple sequence repeats were identified in the transcriptome, and corresponding oligo nucleotide primer pairs were designed. A pan-transcriptome analysis of existing Anacardiaceae transcriptomes revealed conserved and unique transcripts among these species.
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MALDI-MS Imaging of Urushiols in Poison Ivy Stem
MDPI AG, 2017Co-Authors: Mina Aziz, Drew Sturteva, Jorda Winsto, Eva Collakova, Joh G. Jelesko, Ke D. ChapmaAbstract:Urushiols are the allergenic components of Toxicodendron radicans (poison ivy) as well as other Toxicodendron species. They are alk-(en)-yl catechol derivatives with a 15- or 17-carbon side chain having different degrees of unsaturation. Although several methods have been developed for analysis of urushiols in plant tissues, the in situ localization of the different urushiol congeners has not been reported. Here, we report on the first analysis of urushiols in poison ivy stems by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Our results show that the urushiol congeners with 15-carbon side chains are mainly localized to the resin ducts, while those with 17-carbon side chains are widely distributed in cortex and vascular tissues. The presence of these urushiols in stem extracts of poison ivy seedlings was confirmed by GC-MS. These novel findings provide new insights into the spatial tissue distribution of urushiols that might be biosynthetically or functionally relevant
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first report of seedling blight of eastern poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans by colletotrichum fioriniae in virginia
Plant Disease, 2014Co-Authors: Matthew T Kasso, J R Pollok, Elise Enhase, Joh G. JeleskoAbstract:Colletotrichum fioriniae is a member of the large cosmopolitan C. acutatum species complex (2). Known agricultural hosts of C. acutatum include apple, European blueberry, grape, olive, papaya, and strawberry (2). In contrast, the life history of C. fioriniae ranges from an epizootic of certain scale insect populations to an endophyte of plants (3,4). The present study extends the phytopathology of C. fioriniae to include poison ivy seedlings. Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) drupes were collected from solitary lianas in Roanoke and Montgomery counties, Virginia. These drupes were subjected to experiments aimed at producing sterile seedlings (1); however, there was extensive blighting and wilting in the germinated seedlings. Associated with the drupes and seedlings was a fungus with white to pale olivaceous grey mycelium with orange blister-like conidiomata and sclerotial masses enclosing the drupe mesocarp as well as conidiomata emerging from blighted, necrotic leaves. Condiomata were plated onto acidi...
Yuchung Chiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of 42 microsatellite markers from poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans anacardiaceae
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Huei Chuan Shih, Tzen Yuh Chiang, Yuchung ChiangAbstract:Poison ivy, Toxicodendron radicans, and poison oaks, T. diversilobum and T. pubescens, are perennial woody species of the Anacardiaceae and are poisonous, containing strong allergens named urushiols that cause allergic contact dermatitis. Poison ivy is a species distributed from North America to East Asia, while T. diversilobum and T. pubescens are distributed in western and eastern North America, respectively. Phylogreography and population structure of these species remain unclear. Here, we developed microsatellite markers, via constructing a magnetic enriched microsatellite library, from poison ivy. We designed 51 primer pairs, 42 of which successfully yielded products that were subsequently tested for polymorphism in poison oak, and three subspecies of poison ivy. Among the 42 loci, 38 are polymorphic, while 4 are monomorphic. The number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 1 to 12 and from 0.10 to 0.87, respectively, in poison ivy, while varied from 2 to 8 and, from 0.26 to 0.83, respectively in poison oak. Genetic analysis revealed distinct differentiation between poison ivy and poison oak, whereas slight genetic differentiation was detected among three subspecies of poison ivy. These highly polymorphic microsatellite fingerprints enable biologists to explore the population genetics, phylogeography, and speciation in Toxicodendron.
Masanobu Tabata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fungi associated with cryphalus rhusi scolytinae coleoptera infesting lacquer tree Toxicodendron vernicifluum
Journal of Forest Research, 2019Co-Authors: Hayato Masuya, Rikiya Endoh, Yuho Ando, Masanobu TabataAbstract:ABSTRACTWe have examined the fungi associated with the scolytid bark beetle, Cryphalus rhusi, which infests the lacquer tree Toxicodendron vernicifluum. The fungi were also evaluated for pathogenicity in T. vernicifluum as a step toward clarifying the potential of the beetle for tree damage. Three fungal species, a Yamadazyma sp., a Fusarium sp., and Penicillium pinophilum were isolated from adult beetles that had emerged from branches. Of these, the Yamadazyma sp. appeared to be a close associate of the beetle, since it was isolated from all individuals used in the study, while the others were much less frequent. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the Fusarium sp. caused slightly larger lesions (by 2 mm) than the negative controls, whereas the Yamadazyma sp. did not cause any symptoms. We conclude that C. rhusi, with its associated fungi, is not likely to be a serious pest for T. vernicifluum.
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endophytic fungal communities in the bark of canker diseased Toxicodendron vernicifluum
Fungal Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: Shuhei Takemoto, Hayato Masuya, Masanobu TabataAbstract:Comparatively little is known about how tree diseases influence fungal communities. To examine this relationship, we studied the spatial and seasonal variations in the communities of endophytic and lesion-associated fungi in the bark of Toxicodendron vernicifluum trees with canker disease. The fungal communities included mainly Lophiostoma sp., Phomopsis spp., Botryosphaeria dothidea and Ascochyta sp. Two fungi, Phomopsis spp. and B. dothidea, were overrepresented in the lesions. Spatial and seasonal variations were significant in the relative abundance of dominant OTUs (operational taxonomic units) and in the overall community composition. Tissue specificity of the fungi was also indicated. Fungal OTUs specific to inner bark were richer in number than those specific to lesions. Sound trees had significantly more endophytic OTUs than expected, but the diseased trees did not. Therefore, we concluded that canker disease significantly affected the community composition and species richness of fungi in the bark. This is the first study indicating the influence of a disease on the community of bark endophytes.
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phenolic extractives in the trunk of Toxicodendron vernicifluum chemical characteristics contents and radial distribution
Journal of Wood Science, 2014Co-Authors: Koh Hashida, Masanobu Tabata, Katsushi Kuroda, Yuichiro Otsuka, Satoshi Kubo, Rei Makino, Yoshitaka Kubojima, Mario Tonosaki, Seiji OharaAbstract:Phenolic extractives in the trunk of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (syn. Rhus verniciflua) were investigated. Seventeen compounds, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, (−)-fisetinidol-4β-ol, (−)-fisetinidol-4α-ol, 2-benzyl-2,6,3′,4′-tetrahydroxycoumaran-3-one, (−)-fustin, 1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, (−)-epifustin, (+)-taxifolin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, (−)-garbanzol, (−)-fustin-3-O-gallate, (−)-epifustin-3-O-gallate, fisetin, sulfuretin, quercetin and butein, were identified from the heartwood extractives. It was found that only (+)-taxifolin which had 5,7-dihydroxy A-ring possessed a 3R configuration although other flavonoids which had 7-hydroxy A-ring possessed a 3S configuration. Quantitative analysis revealed that the total phenolic contents were much higher in the heartwood (5–7 wt%) than in the sapwood and bark (1–2 wt%), and (−)-fustin was the most abundant extractive in the heartwood (1.4–2.4 wt%). For the radial distribution of phenolic extractives, it was generally found that their content was lowest in the sapwood, increased to the highest in the outer heartwood, and then decreased in the inner heartwood.
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white root rot disease of the lacquer tree Toxicodendron vernicifluum caused by rosellinia necatrix
Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2012Co-Authors: Shuhei Takemoto, Hitoshi Nakamura, Masanobu Tabata, Atsuko Sasaki, Yu Ichihara, Takuya Aikawa, Toshiyuki KoiwaAbstract:In early August 2010, lacquer trees (Toxicodendron vernicifluum) severely damaged by a root rot disease were found on plantations in Iwate, Japan. The causal agent was a fungus identified as Rosellinia necatrix, based on morphology and the sequence of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region. The fungus was clearly pathogenic on T. vernicifluum root plantings. This report is the first of white root rot on T. vernicifluum.
