The Experts below are selected from a list of 21114 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Luigi Pascali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the wind of change maritime technology Trade and economic development
The American Economic Review, 2017Co-Authors: Luigi PascaliAbstract:The 1870-1913 period marked the birth of the first era of Trade globalization. How did this tremendous increase in Trade affect economic development? This work isolates a causality channel by exploiting the fact that the steamship produced an asymmetric change in Trade distances among countries. Before the invention of the steamship, Trade Routes depended on wind patterns. The introduction of the steamship in the shipping industry reduced shipping costs and time in a disproportionate manner across countries and Trade Routes. Using this source of variation and a completely novel set of data on shipping times, Trade, and development that spans the great majority of the world between 1850 and 1900, I find that 1) the adoption of the steamship was the major reason for the first wave of Trade globalization, 2) only a small number of countries that were characterized by more inclusive institutions benefited from globalization, and 3) globalization exerted a negative effect on both urbanization rates and economic development in most other countries.
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the wind of change maritime technology Trade and economic development
The American Economic Review, 2017Co-Authors: Luigi PascaliAbstract:The 1870-1913 period marked the birth of the first era of Trade globalization. How did this tremendous increase in Trade affect economic development? This work isolates a causality channel by exploiting the fact that the introduction of the steamship in the shipping industry produced an asymmetric change in Trade distances among countries. Before this invention, Trade Routes depended on wind patterns. The steamship reduced shipping costs and time in a disproportionate manner across countries and Trade Routes. Using this source of variation and novel data on shipping, Trade, and development, I find that 1) the adoption of the steamship had a major impact on patterns of Trade worldwide, 2) only a small number of countries, characterized by more inclusive institutions, benefited from Trade integration, and 3) globalization was the major driver of the economic divergence between the rich and the poor portions of the world in the years 1850-1905.
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the wind of change maritime technology Trade and economic development
The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS), 2014Co-Authors: Luigi PascaliAbstract:The 1870-1913 period marked the birth of the first era of Trade globalization. How did this tremendous increase in Trade affect economic development? This work isolates a causality channel by exploiting the fact that the steamship produced an asymmetric change in Trade distances among countries. Before the invention of the steamship, Trade Routes depended on wind patterns. The introduction of the steamship in the shipping industry reduced shipping costs and time in a disproportionate manner across countries and Trade Routes. Using this source of variation and a completely novel set of data on shipping times, Trade, and development that spans the great majority of the world between 1850 and 1900, I find that 1) the adoption of the steamship was the major reason for the first wave of Trade globalization, 2) only a small number of countries that were characterized by more inclusive institutions benefited from globalization, and 3) globalization exerted a negative effect on both urbanization rates and economic development in most other countries. JEL classification: F1 ; F15 ; F43 ; O43
Melinda A Zeder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impacts of biological globalization in the mediterranean unveiling the deep history of human mediated gamebird dispersal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015Co-Authors: Giovanni Forcina, Monica Guerrini, Hein Van Grouw, Brij K Gupta, Panicos Panayides, Pantelis Hadjigerou, Omar F Alsheikhly, Muhammad Naeem Awan, Aleem Ahmed Khan, Melinda A ZederAbstract:Humans have a long history of moving wildlife that over time has resulted in unprecedented biotic homogenization. It is, as a result, often unclear whether certain taxa are native to a region or naturalized, and how the history of human involvement in species dispersal has shaped present-day biodiversity. Although currently an eastern Palaearctic galliform, the black francolin ( Francolinus francolinus ) was known to occur in the western Mediterranean from at least the time of Pliny the Elder, if not earlier. During Medieval times and the Renaissance, the black francolin was a courtly gamebird prized not only for its flavor, but also its curative, and even aphrodisiac qualities. There is uncertainty, however, whether this important gamebird was native or introduced to the region and, if the latter, what the source of introduction into the western Mediterranean was. Here we combine historical documentation with a DNA investigation of modern birds and archival (13th–20th century) specimens from across the species’ current and historically documented range. Our study proves the black francolin was nonnative to the western Mediterranean, and we document its introduction from the east via several Trade Routes, some reaching as far as South Asia. This finding provides insight into the reach and scope of long-distance Trade Routes that serviced the demand of European aristocracy for exotic species as symbols of wealth and prestige, and helps to demonstrate the lasting impact of human-mediated long-distance species dispersal on current day biodiversity.
Andrea Manzo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the provenance of obsidian artefacts from the middle kingdom harbour of mersa wadi gawasis egypt and its implications for red sea Trade Routes in the 2nd millennium bc
Quaternary International, 2020Co-Authors: Giulio Lucarini, Donatella Barca, Andrea ManzoAbstract:Abstract This paper presents the results of the geochemical analysis carried out on the obsidian artefacts discovered at the archaeological site of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis, located along the Egyptian Red Sea coast, in between the modern cities of Safaja and Quseir. During the 12th and 13th Dynasties of Egypt the site hosted a port city from where the Egyptian expeditions set sail directed to the south, on both edges of the Red Sea. Six obsidian artefacts collected during the 1970s’ research carried out at the site by A. Sayed, were geochemically analysed, together with five geological samples from the obsidian Kusrale source in Eritrea. The major element concentrations were determined by SEM-EDS analysis and the trace element concentrations were obtained by LA-ICP-MS method, a micro-destructive technique, capable of chemically characterizing the volcanic glass. A comparison of geochemical results obtained on the archaeological artefacts and geologic samples, together with the literature data on different geological obsidian outcrops from the Horn of Africa and the southwestern Arabian peninsula, allowed us to determine the provenance of the Mersa/Wadi Gawasis obsidian artefacts in both the Kusrale source of Eritrea, and the volcanic area of Dhamar Reda in Yemen. These results can provide further insights on ancient Trade Routes along the Red Sea during the early second millennium BC.
Egil Bauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrative approach using Yersinia pestis genomes to revisit the historical landscape of plague during the Medieval Period
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018Co-Authors: Amine Namouchi, Meriam Guellil, Oliver Kersten, Stephanie Hänsch, Claudio Ottoni, Boris Schmid, Elsa Pacciani, Luisa Quaglia, Marco Vermunt, Egil BauerAbstract:Over the last few years, genomic studies on Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of all known plague epidemics, have considerably increased in numbers, spanning a period of about 5,000 y. Nonetheless, questions concerning historical reservoirs and Routes of transmission remain open. Here, we present and describe five genomes from the second half of the 14th century and reconstruct the evolutionary history of Y. pestis by reanalyzing previously published genomes and by building a comprehensive phylogeny focused on strains attributed to the Second Plague Pandemic (14th to 18th century). Corroborated by historical and ecological evidence, the presented phylogeny, which includes our Y. pestis genomes, could support the hypothesis of an entry of plague into Western European ports through distinct waves of introduction during the Medieval Period, possibly by means of fur Trade Routes, as well as the recirculation of plague within the human population via Trade Routes and human movement.
Michal Artzy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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incense camels and collared rim jars desert Trade Routes and maritime outlets in the second millennium
Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 1994Co-Authors: Michal ArtzyAbstract:Summary. The camel-borne incense Trade, from Arabia to the Levant, was an important element in the economy of the eastern Mediterranean region in the first millennium BC. This paper suggests that its origins can be traced back to the Late Bronze Age, and that the junction of overland and maritime Routes explains the wealth of coastal sites such as Tel Nami, Israel. The occurrence there of Collared Rim Jars in contexts dating to the thirteenth century BC suggests that the form began as a transport container, capable of being carried on board ship or on land by camels.
