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Hannia Campos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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red blood cell membrane Trans Fatty Acid levels and risk of non hodgkin lymphoma a prospective nested case control study
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Andres Ardisson V Korat, Hannia Campos, Yuhan Chiu, Kimberly A Bertrand, Shumin M Zhang, Mara M Epstein, Bernard Rosner, Stephanie E Chiuve, Edward GiovannucciAbstract:Background Trans Fatty Acid (TFA) intake persists in much of the world, posing ongoing threats to public health that warrant further elucidation. Published evidence suggests a positive association of self-reported TFA intake with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk. Objectives To confirm those reports, we conducted a prospective study of prediagnosis RBC membrane TFA levels and risk of NHL and common NHL histologic subtypes. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study in Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study participants with archived RBC specimens and no history of cancer at blood draw (1989-1090 and 1994-1995, respectively). We confirmed 583 incident NHL cases (332 women and 251 men) and individually matched 583 controls on cohort (sex), age, race, and blood draw date/time. We analyzed RBC membrane TFA using GLC (in 2013-2014) and expressed individual TFA levels as a percentage of total Fatty Acids. We used unconditional logistic regression adjusted for the matching factors to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for overall NHL risk per 1 SD increase in TFA level and assessed histologic subtype-specific associations with multivariable polytomous logistic regression. Results Total and individual TFA levels were not associated with risk of all NHL or most subtypes. We observed a positive association of total TFA levels with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) risk [n = 98 cases; OR (95% CI) per 1 SD increase: 1.30 (1.05, 1.61); P = 0.015], driven by Trans 18:1n-9(ω-9)/elaidic Acid [OR (95% CI): 1.34 (1.08, 1.66); P = 0.007], Trans 18:1n-7/vaccenic Acid [OR (95% CI): 1.28 (1.04, 1.58); P = 0.023], and Trans 18:2n-6t,t [OR (95% CI): 1.26 (1.01, 1.57); P = 0.037]. Conclusions Our findings extended evidence for TFA intake and DLBCL risk but not for other NHL subtypes. Reduced TFA consumption through dietary choices or health policy measures may support prevention of DLBCL, an aggressive NHL subtype.
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Trans Fatty Acid isomers in adipose tissue have divergent associations with adiposity in humans
Lipids, 2010Co-Authors: Liesbeth A Smit, Hannia Campos, Walter C WillettAbstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adipose tissue Trans-Fatty Acid isomers and adiposity. This cross-sectional study included 1,785 subjects from Costa Rica. Fatty Acid concentrations (as a percentage of the total Fatty Acids) in subcutaneous adipose tissue were assessed by gas–liquid chromatography. Dietary intakes were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression models were used to relate adipose tissue Trans-Fatty Acid content to BMI, waist circumference, and skinfold thickness while adjusting for age, sex, and area of residence. To account for variations in lifestyle, we adjusted for smoking, physical activity, income, self-reported history of diabetes and hypertension, and for adipose tissue alpha-linolenic Acid and energy intake in a third model. After adjustments, positive associations were found between 18:2t-Fatty Acids (primarily from partially hydrogenated oils) and BMI, waist circumference, and skinfold thickness (P for each association 0.05). Inverse associations were found between 16:1n-7t-Fatty Acids and skinfold thickness and between 18:1t-Fatty Acids and BMI and waist circumference (P < 0.0001). This study suggests that individual Trans-Fatty Acid isomers may have divergent effects on adiposity. 18:2t-Fatty Acids show consistent positive associations with measures of adiposity. These isomer-specific associations are an interesting new finding. Other prospective and intervention studies are necessary to examine these relationships further.
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A prospective study of Trans-Fatty Acid levels in blood and risk of prostate cancer
Cancer epidemiology biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research cosponsored by the American Society of Pre, 2008Co-Authors: Jorge E. Chavarro, Hannia Campos, Meir J. Stampfer, Tobias Kurth, Walter C WillettAbstract:Background: Previous studies suggest a positive association between markers of Trans -Fatty Acid intake and prostate cancer. We therefore prospectively evaluated the association between blood Trans -Fatty Acid levels and risk of prostate cancer. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among 14,916 apparently healthy men who provided blood samples in 1982. Blood Fatty Acid levels were determined for 476 men diagnosed with prostate cancer during a 13-year follow-up and their matched controls. Controls were individually matched to cases according to age and smoking status at baseline. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk and 95% confidence interval of total, nonaggressive (stage A/B and low grade), and aggressive (stage C/D, high grade, subsequent distant metastasis or death) prostate cancer associated with blood levels of specific Trans -Fatty Acids. Results: Blood levels of all the Trans -Fatty Acids examined were unrelated to total prostate cancer risk. When results were divided according to tumor aggressiveness, blood levels of 18:1n-9 t , all the 18:2 t examined, and total Trans -Fatty Acids were positively associated to nonaggressive tumors. The relative risks (95% confidence intervals; P trend) comparing top with bottom quintile Trans -Fatty Acid levels were 2.16 (1.12-4.17; 0.11) for 18:1n-9 t , 1.97 (1.03-3.75; 0.01) for total 18:2 t , and 2.21 (1.14-4.29; 0.06) for total Trans -Fatty Acids. None of the Trans fats examined was associated with aggressive prostate tumors. Conclusion: Blood levels of Trans isomers of oleic and linoleic Acids are associated with an increased risk of nonaggressive prostate tumors. As this type of tumors represents a large proportion of prostate cancer detected using prostate-specific antigen screening, these findings may have implications for the prevention of prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):95–101)
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Fatty Acid composition of Costa Rican foods including Trans Fatty Acid content
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2007Co-Authors: Ana Baylin, Xinia Siles, Amy Donovan-palmer, Xinia Fernandez, Hannia CamposAbstract:Abstract To further understand the Fatty Acid–disease relationships in an epidemiologic context, detailed composition tables are required. The composition of the major saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated Fatty Acids that are most abundant in the diet, is available for numerous foods in many countries, but data on the content of individual Fatty Acids with relative low abundance are scarce. We conducted a study to establish a Fatty Acid composition database that includes Fatty Acids with low relative abundance as well as Trans Fatty Acids for the main sources of fat in the Costa Rican diet. Fatty Acids were determined by gas chromatography. We present in-depth Fatty Acid composition tables for foods that are commonly used in Costa Rica. These analyses include information on alpha-linolenic, gamma-linolenic, arachidonic Acid and Trans Fatty Acids, which are important for health but where information is scarce. Of particular interest is the high content of Trans Fatty Acids in partially hydrogenated soybean oil in Costa Rica, although decreasing over time. In a period of 10 years the amount of total Trans Fatty Acids in Costa Rican soybean oil has decreased from an average of 20 to 1.5%, while alpha-linolenic has increased from an average of 1.87 to 6.06%. Our data will be of special interest for studies on Latin American countries requiring dietary information.
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a prospective study of Trans Fatty Acids in erythrocytes and risk of coronary heart disease
Circulation, 2007Co-Authors: Qi Sun, Hannia Campos, Meir J. Stampfer, Susan E Hankinson, Joann E Manson, Kathryn M Rexrode, Walter C WillettAbstract:Background— High consumption of Trans fat has been linked to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We assessed the hypothesis that higher Trans Fatty Acid contents in erythrocytes were associated with an elevated risk of CHD in a nested case-control study among US women. Methods and Results— Blood samples were collected from 32 826 participants of the Nurses’ Health Study from 1989 to 1990. During 6 years of follow-up, 166 incident cases of CHD were ascertained and matched with 327 controls. Total Trans Fatty Acid content in erythrocytes was significantly correlated with dietary intake of Trans fat (correlation coefficient=0.44, P<0.01) and was associated with increased plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P for trend =0.06), decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (P for trend <0.01), and increased plasma low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio (P for trend <0.01). After adjustment for age, smoking status, and other dietary and lifestyle cardiovas...
Walter C Willett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trans Fatty Acid isomers in adipose tissue have divergent associations with adiposity in humans
Lipids, 2010Co-Authors: Liesbeth A Smit, Hannia Campos, Walter C WillettAbstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adipose tissue Trans-Fatty Acid isomers and adiposity. This cross-sectional study included 1,785 subjects from Costa Rica. Fatty Acid concentrations (as a percentage of the total Fatty Acids) in subcutaneous adipose tissue were assessed by gas–liquid chromatography. Dietary intakes were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression models were used to relate adipose tissue Trans-Fatty Acid content to BMI, waist circumference, and skinfold thickness while adjusting for age, sex, and area of residence. To account for variations in lifestyle, we adjusted for smoking, physical activity, income, self-reported history of diabetes and hypertension, and for adipose tissue alpha-linolenic Acid and energy intake in a third model. After adjustments, positive associations were found between 18:2t-Fatty Acids (primarily from partially hydrogenated oils) and BMI, waist circumference, and skinfold thickness (P for each association 0.05). Inverse associations were found between 16:1n-7t-Fatty Acids and skinfold thickness and between 18:1t-Fatty Acids and BMI and waist circumference (P < 0.0001). This study suggests that individual Trans-Fatty Acid isomers may have divergent effects on adiposity. 18:2t-Fatty Acids show consistent positive associations with measures of adiposity. These isomer-specific associations are an interesting new finding. Other prospective and intervention studies are necessary to examine these relationships further.
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A prospective study of Trans-Fatty Acid levels in blood and risk of prostate cancer
Cancer epidemiology biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research cosponsored by the American Society of Pre, 2008Co-Authors: Jorge E. Chavarro, Hannia Campos, Meir J. Stampfer, Tobias Kurth, Walter C WillettAbstract:Background: Previous studies suggest a positive association between markers of Trans -Fatty Acid intake and prostate cancer. We therefore prospectively evaluated the association between blood Trans -Fatty Acid levels and risk of prostate cancer. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among 14,916 apparently healthy men who provided blood samples in 1982. Blood Fatty Acid levels were determined for 476 men diagnosed with prostate cancer during a 13-year follow-up and their matched controls. Controls were individually matched to cases according to age and smoking status at baseline. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk and 95% confidence interval of total, nonaggressive (stage A/B and low grade), and aggressive (stage C/D, high grade, subsequent distant metastasis or death) prostate cancer associated with blood levels of specific Trans -Fatty Acids. Results: Blood levels of all the Trans -Fatty Acids examined were unrelated to total prostate cancer risk. When results were divided according to tumor aggressiveness, blood levels of 18:1n-9 t , all the 18:2 t examined, and total Trans -Fatty Acids were positively associated to nonaggressive tumors. The relative risks (95% confidence intervals; P trend) comparing top with bottom quintile Trans -Fatty Acid levels were 2.16 (1.12-4.17; 0.11) for 18:1n-9 t , 1.97 (1.03-3.75; 0.01) for total 18:2 t , and 2.21 (1.14-4.29; 0.06) for total Trans -Fatty Acids. None of the Trans fats examined was associated with aggressive prostate tumors. Conclusion: Blood levels of Trans isomers of oleic and linoleic Acids are associated with an increased risk of nonaggressive prostate tumors. As this type of tumors represents a large proportion of prostate cancer detected using prostate-specific antigen screening, these findings may have implications for the prevention of prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):95–101)
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a prospective study of Trans Fatty Acids in erythrocytes and risk of coronary heart disease
Circulation, 2007Co-Authors: Qi Sun, Hannia Campos, Meir J. Stampfer, Susan E Hankinson, Joann E Manson, Kathryn M Rexrode, Walter C WillettAbstract:Background— High consumption of Trans fat has been linked to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We assessed the hypothesis that higher Trans Fatty Acid contents in erythrocytes were associated with an elevated risk of CHD in a nested case-control study among US women. Methods and Results— Blood samples were collected from 32 826 participants of the Nurses’ Health Study from 1989 to 1990. During 6 years of follow-up, 166 incident cases of CHD were ascertained and matched with 327 controls. Total Trans Fatty Acid content in erythrocytes was significantly correlated with dietary intake of Trans fat (correlation coefficient=0.44, P<0.01) and was associated with increased plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P for trend =0.06), decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (P for trend <0.01), and increased plasma low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio (P for trend <0.01). After adjustment for age, smoking status, and other dietary and lifestyle cardiovas...
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a prospective study of blood Trans Fatty Acid levels and risk of prostate cancer
Cancer Research, 2006Co-Authors: Jorge E. Chavarro, Hannia Campos, Meir J. Stampfer, Tobias Kurth, Walter C WillettAbstract:4004 Purpose: Results from two previous studies suggest a positive association between markers of Trans Fatty Acid (TFA) intake and prostate cancer. We therefore prospectively evaluated the association between blood TFA levels and risk of prostate cancer. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among 14,916 U.S. physicians who provided a blood sample in 1982. Blood samples were frozen at baseline and kept at −82° C until assayed. Incident prostate cancer cases accrued through 1995 were matched to controls by age, smoking status at baseline and length of follow-up. TFA levels as percentage of total Fatty Acids were determined for 479 cases and their 491 matched controls using gas chromatography. Cases and controls were divided into quintiles according to the distribution of TFA levels among the controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of prostate cancer in a given quintile of TFA level in relation to the lowest quintile. Results: Levels of 16:1, 18:1 and total TFAs were not associated with prostate cancer risk. There was a weak positive association between levels of 18:2 TFAs, which result from the hydrogenation of linoleic Acid, and prostate cancer risk. The RRs (95% CI) for men in successively higher quintiles of TFA levels were 0.87 (0.57 –1.33), 1.24 (0.83 –1.87), 1.69 (1.12 –2.55) and 1.24 (0.81 –1.88), compared to men in the lowest quintile (P trend = 0.09). The association was similar for the three 18:2 Trans isomers examined: n-6 Trans Trans (tt) , cis Trans (ct) and Trans cis (tc). When results were divided according to tumor stage at diagnosis, levels of 18:1, 18:2 and total TFAs were positively related to the risk of developing organ confined, but not advanced, tumors. The RRs (95% CI; P trend ) of localized prostate cancer comparing the highest and lowest quintile of TFAs were 2.11 (1.22 –3.64: 0.05) for total, 1.85 (1.08 –3.16: 0.15) for 18:1, and 1.84 (1.05 –3.22: 0.003) for 18:2 TFAs. Similar results were obtained for non-aggressive tumors (organ confined and Gleason ≤ 7). The RRs (95% CI; P trend ) of non-aggressive prostate cancer comparing extreme quintiles of total, 18:1 and 18:2 TFA levels were 2.47 (1.32 –4.63: 0.01), 2.10 (1.13 –3.91: 0.06) and 2.29 (1.22 –4.30: 7). Further adjustment for potential confounders did not substantially change these results. Conclusions: Our prospective data suggests that blood levels of Trans Fatty Acids, in particular Trans fats resulting from the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, are associated with an increased prostate cancer risk. This association appears to be specific to organ confined and non-aggressive tumors.
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consumption of Trans Fatty Acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction
Journal of Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Esther Lopezgarcia, Walter C Willett, Meir J. Stampfer, Joann E Manson, Matthias B Schulze, James B Meigs, Nader Rifai, Frank B HuAbstract:: Trans Fatty Acid intake has been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. The relation is explained only partially by the adverse effect of these Fatty Acids on the lipid profile. We examined whether Trans Fatty Acid intake could also affect biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR-2), E-selectin, and soluble cell adhesion molecules (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 730 women from the Nurses' Health Study I cohort, aged 43-69 y, free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes at time of blood draw (1989-1990). Dietary intake was assessed by a validated FFQ in 1986 and 1990. CRP levels were 73% higher among those in the highest quintile of Trans fat intake, compared with the lowest quintile. IL-6 levels were 17% higher, sTNFR-2 5%, E-selectin 20%, sICAM-1 10%, and sVCAM-1 levels 10% higher. Trans Fatty Acid intake was positively related to plasma concentration of CRP (P = 0.009), sTNFR-2 (P = 0.002), E-selectin (P = 0.003), sICAM-1 (P = 0.007), and sVCAM-1 (P = 0.001) in linear regression models after controlling for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, intake of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated Fatty Acids, and postmenopausal hormone therapy. In conclusion, this study suggests that higher intake of Trans Fatty Acids could adversely affect endothelial function, which might partially explain why the positive relation between Trans fat and cardiovascular risk is greater than one would predict based solely on its adverse effects on lipids.
Ki-teak Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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preparation of interesterified plastic fats from fats and oils free of Trans Fatty Acid
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Jeung-hee Lee, David S Himmelsbach, Casimir C. Akoh, Ki-teak LeeAbstract:Interesterified plastic fats were produced with Trans-free substrates of fully hydrogenated soybean oil, extra virgin olive oil, and palm stearin in a weight ratio of 10:20:70, 10:40:50, and 10:50:40, respectively, by lipase catalysis. The major Fatty Acids of the products were palmitic (32.2−47.4%), stearic (12.0−12.4%), and oleic Acid (33.6−49.5%). After storage at 5 °C (refrigerator temperature) or 24 °C (room temperature) for 16 h, the physical properties were evaluated for solid fat content, texture, melting, and crystallization behavior, viscoelastic properties, crystal polymorphism, and crystal microstructure. The interesterified fats contained desirable crystal polymorphs (β′ form) as determined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. They exhibited a wide plastic range of solid fat content of 52−58% at 10 °C and 15% at 40 °C. The physical properties were influenced by the ratio of palm stearin and olive oil. Harder and more brittle texture, crystallization and melting at higher temperature, higher sol...
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Preparation of interesterified plastic fats from fats and oils free of Trans Fatty Acid
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Hee Lee Jeung, David S Himmelsbach, Casimir C. Akoh, Ki-teak LeeAbstract:Interesterified plastic fats were produced with Trans-free substrates of fully hydrogenated soybean oil, extra virgin olive oil, and palm stearin in a weight ratio of 10:20:70, 10:40:50, and 10:50:40, respectively, by lipase catalysis. The major Fatty Acids of the products were palmitic (32.2-47.4%), stearic (12.0-12.4%), and oleic Acid (33.6-49.5%). After storage at 5 degrees C (refrigerator temperature) or 24 degrees C (room temperature) for 16 h, the physical properties were evaluated for solid fat content, texture, melting, and crystallization behavior, viscoelastic properties, crystal polymorphism, and crystal microstructure. The interesterified fats contained desirable crystal polymorphs (beta' form) as determined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. They exhibited a wide plastic range of solid fat content of 52-58% at 10 degrees C and 15% at 40 degrees C. The physical properties were influenced by the ratio of palm stearin and olive oil. Harder and more brittle texture, crystallization and melting at higher temperature, higher solid fat contents, and more elastic (G') or viscous (G') characteristics were observed in the produced fats containing a higher content of palm stearin and lower content of olive oil. The produced fats stored at 5 degrees C consisted mostly of beta' form crystal together with a small content of beta form, while those at 24 degrees C had only beta' form. The produced fat with a higher amount of palm stearin appeared to have more beta' form crystal and small size crystal clusters. Thus, the physical properties of the produced plastic fats may be desirable for use in a bakery product.
Dariush Mozaffarian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trans Fatty Acid consumption and heart rate variability in 2 separate cohorts of older and younger adults
Circulation-arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2012Co-Authors: Luisa Soaresmiranda, Rozenn N Lemaitre, David S. Siscovick, Phyllis K Stein, Fumiaki Imamura, Jacob Sattelmair, Jorge Mota, Dariush MozaffarianAbstract:Background— Trans -Fatty Acid (TFA) consumption is associated with risk of coronary heart disease, and Trans -18:2, but not Trans -18:1, in red blood cell membranes has been associated with sudden cardiac arrest. Abnormal heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic dysfunction and predicts cardiac death. Relationships between TFA consumption and HRV remain understudied. We determined whether total TFA consumption, as well as Trans -18:1 and Trans -18:2 TFA consumption, was independently associated with HRV in 2 independent cohorts in the United States and Portugal. Methods and Results— In 2 independent cohorts of older US adults (Cardiovascular Health Study [CHS], age 72±5 years, 1989/1995) and young Portuguese adults (Porto, age 19±2 years, 2008/2010), we assessed habitual TFA intake by food frequency questionnaires in CHS (separately estimating Trans -18:1 and Trans -18:2) and multiple 24-hour recalls in Porto (estimating total TFA only, which in a subset correlated with circulating Trans -18:2 but not Trans -18:1, suggesting that we captured the former). HRV was assessed using 24-hour Holters in CHS (n=1076) and repeated short-term (5-minute) ECGs in Porto (n=160). We used multivariate-adjusted linear regression to relate TFA consumption to HRV cross-sectionally (CHS, Porto) and longitudinally (CHS). In CHS, higher Trans -18:2 consumption was associated with lower 24-hour SD of all normal-to-normal intervals both cross-sectionally (−12%; 95% CI, –19% to –6%; P =0.001) and longitudinally (−15%; 95% CI, –25% to –4%; P = 0.009) and lower 24-hour SD of 5-minute average N-N intervals and mean of the 5-minute SD of N-N intervals calculated over 24 hours ( P <0.05 each). Higher Trans -18:1 consumption in CHS was associated with more favorable 24-hour HRV in particular time-domain indices (24-hour SD of all normal-to-normal intervals, SD of 5-minute average N-N intervals, mean of the 5-minute SD of N-N intervals calculated over 24 hours; P <0.05 each). In Porto, each higher SD TFA consumption was associated with 4% lower 5-minute 24-hour SD of all normal-to-normal intervals (95% CI, –8% to –1%; P =0.04) and 7% lower 5-minute square root of the mean of the squares of successive N-N differences (95% CI, –13% to –1%; P =0.04). Conclusions— Trans -18:2 consumption is associated with specific, less favorable indices of HRV in both older and young adults. Trans -18:1 consumption is associated with more favorable HRV indices in older adults. Our results support the need to investigate potential HRV-related mechanisms, whereby Trans -18:2 may increase arrhythmic risk.
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food reformulations to reduce Trans Fatty Acids
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Michael F Jacobson, Julie S GreensteinAbstract:Food Reformulations to Reduce Trans Fatty Acids The authors investigated changes in the levels of Trans fat and saturated fat in major brand-name U.S. supermarket and restaurant foods that were reformulated to reduce Trans Fatty Acid content. Major brand-name reformulations generally reduced the Trans fat content substantially without making equivalent increases in saturated fat content.
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Food sources of individual plasma phospholipid Trans Fatty Acid isomers: the Cardiovascular Health Study
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Renata Micha, Frank M Sacks, Irena B King, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Xiaoling Song, David S. Siscovick, Dariush MozaffarianAbstract:Background: The overall consumption of Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs) increases the risk of coronary artery disease. However, multiple TFA isomers exist, each with potentially different health effects. Different food sources of these specific TFA isomers are not well established. Objective: Our objective was to determine the major independent food sources of specific TFA isomers. Design: We investigated relations of major potential food sources of TFAs, as assessed by serial food-frequency questionnaires, with 10 plasma phospholipid TFA isomers [5 Trans (t-) 18:1, 3 t-18:2, and 2 t-16:1] in 3330 older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based multicenter cohort. Stepwise regression was used to identify independent major food sources of individual plasma phospholipid TFA isomers, which were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Results: All 5 t-18:1 isomers were similarly associated with foods commonly made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVOs), including biscuits (0.51 higher SD of total 18:1 Fatty Acid concentrations per serving/d, P < 0.01), chips and/or popcorn (0.33 higher SD per serving/d, P = 0.02), margarine (0.32 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001), fried foods (0.32 higher SD per serving/d, P = 0.04), and bakery foods (0.23 higher SD per serving/d, P = 0.02). Each of the t-18:2 isomers were associated only with bakery foods (0.50 higher SD of total 18:2 Fatty Acid concentrations per serving/d, P < 0.001). Ruminant foods were major correlates of t-16:1n−7, including red meats (0.72 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001), butter (0.43 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001), and higher-fat dairy (0.37 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001). In contrast, t-16:1n−9 were derived mainly from margarine (0.31 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001). Conclusions: t-18:1 Isomers are similarly derived from multiple PHVO-containing foods. In contrast, t-18:2 and t-16:1n−9 isomers are derived from more-specific types of PHVO-containing foods. Ruminant foods are major sources of t-16:1n−7. Different TFA isomers and dietary sources should be considered when investigating health effects and interventions to lower TFAs.
Rozenn N Lemaitre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trans Fatty Acid consumption and heart rate variability in 2 separate cohorts of older and younger adults
Circulation-arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2012Co-Authors: Luisa Soaresmiranda, Rozenn N Lemaitre, David S. Siscovick, Phyllis K Stein, Fumiaki Imamura, Jacob Sattelmair, Jorge Mota, Dariush MozaffarianAbstract:Background— Trans -Fatty Acid (TFA) consumption is associated with risk of coronary heart disease, and Trans -18:2, but not Trans -18:1, in red blood cell membranes has been associated with sudden cardiac arrest. Abnormal heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic dysfunction and predicts cardiac death. Relationships between TFA consumption and HRV remain understudied. We determined whether total TFA consumption, as well as Trans -18:1 and Trans -18:2 TFA consumption, was independently associated with HRV in 2 independent cohorts in the United States and Portugal. Methods and Results— In 2 independent cohorts of older US adults (Cardiovascular Health Study [CHS], age 72±5 years, 1989/1995) and young Portuguese adults (Porto, age 19±2 years, 2008/2010), we assessed habitual TFA intake by food frequency questionnaires in CHS (separately estimating Trans -18:1 and Trans -18:2) and multiple 24-hour recalls in Porto (estimating total TFA only, which in a subset correlated with circulating Trans -18:2 but not Trans -18:1, suggesting that we captured the former). HRV was assessed using 24-hour Holters in CHS (n=1076) and repeated short-term (5-minute) ECGs in Porto (n=160). We used multivariate-adjusted linear regression to relate TFA consumption to HRV cross-sectionally (CHS, Porto) and longitudinally (CHS). In CHS, higher Trans -18:2 consumption was associated with lower 24-hour SD of all normal-to-normal intervals both cross-sectionally (−12%; 95% CI, –19% to –6%; P =0.001) and longitudinally (−15%; 95% CI, –25% to –4%; P = 0.009) and lower 24-hour SD of 5-minute average N-N intervals and mean of the 5-minute SD of N-N intervals calculated over 24 hours ( P <0.05 each). Higher Trans -18:1 consumption in CHS was associated with more favorable 24-hour HRV in particular time-domain indices (24-hour SD of all normal-to-normal intervals, SD of 5-minute average N-N intervals, mean of the 5-minute SD of N-N intervals calculated over 24 hours; P <0.05 each). In Porto, each higher SD TFA consumption was associated with 4% lower 5-minute 24-hour SD of all normal-to-normal intervals (95% CI, –8% to –1%; P =0.04) and 7% lower 5-minute square root of the mean of the squares of successive N-N differences (95% CI, –13% to –1%; P =0.04). Conclusions— Trans -18:2 consumption is associated with specific, less favorable indices of HRV in both older and young adults. Trans -18:1 consumption is associated with more favorable HRV indices in older adults. Our results support the need to investigate potential HRV-related mechanisms, whereby Trans -18:2 may increase arrhythmic risk.
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Food sources of individual plasma phospholipid Trans Fatty Acid isomers: the Cardiovascular Health Study
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Renata Micha, Frank M Sacks, Irena B King, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Xiaoling Song, David S. Siscovick, Dariush MozaffarianAbstract:Background: The overall consumption of Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs) increases the risk of coronary artery disease. However, multiple TFA isomers exist, each with potentially different health effects. Different food sources of these specific TFA isomers are not well established. Objective: Our objective was to determine the major independent food sources of specific TFA isomers. Design: We investigated relations of major potential food sources of TFAs, as assessed by serial food-frequency questionnaires, with 10 plasma phospholipid TFA isomers [5 Trans (t-) 18:1, 3 t-18:2, and 2 t-16:1] in 3330 older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based multicenter cohort. Stepwise regression was used to identify independent major food sources of individual plasma phospholipid TFA isomers, which were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Results: All 5 t-18:1 isomers were similarly associated with foods commonly made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVOs), including biscuits (0.51 higher SD of total 18:1 Fatty Acid concentrations per serving/d, P < 0.01), chips and/or popcorn (0.33 higher SD per serving/d, P = 0.02), margarine (0.32 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001), fried foods (0.32 higher SD per serving/d, P = 0.04), and bakery foods (0.23 higher SD per serving/d, P = 0.02). Each of the t-18:2 isomers were associated only with bakery foods (0.50 higher SD of total 18:2 Fatty Acid concentrations per serving/d, P < 0.001). Ruminant foods were major correlates of t-16:1n−7, including red meats (0.72 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001), butter (0.43 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001), and higher-fat dairy (0.37 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001). In contrast, t-16:1n−9 were derived mainly from margarine (0.31 higher SD per serving/d, P < 0.001). Conclusions: t-18:1 Isomers are similarly derived from multiple PHVO-containing foods. In contrast, t-18:2 and t-16:1n−9 isomers are derived from more-specific types of PHVO-containing foods. Ruminant foods are major sources of t-16:1n−7. Different TFA isomers and dietary sources should be considered when investigating health effects and interventions to lower TFAs.
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cell membrane Trans Fatty Acids and the risk of primary cardiac arrest
Circulation, 2002Co-Authors: Rozenn N Lemaitre, Irena B King, Trivellore E Raghunathan, Rachel M Pearce, Sheila Weinmann, Robert H Knopp, Michael K Copass, Leonard A Cobb, David S. SiscovickAbstract:Background— The relation of Trans-Fatty Acid intake to life-threatening arrhythmias and primary cardiac arrest is unknown. Methods and Results— We investigated the association of Trans-Fatty Acid intake, assessed through a biomarker, with the risk of primary cardiac arrest in a population-based case-control study. Cases, aged 25 to 74 years, were out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients attended by paramedics in Seattle, Washington from 1988 to 1999 (n=179). Controls, matched to cases by age and sex, were randomly identified from the community (n=285). Participants were free of previous clinically diagnosed heart disease. Blood was obtained at the time of cardiac arrest (cases) or at the time of an interview (controls) to assess Trans-Fatty Acid intake. Higher total Trans-Fatty Acids in red blood cell membranes was associated with a modest increase in the risk of primary cardiac arrest after adjustment for medical and lifestyle risk factors (odds ratio for interquintile range, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.1). How...
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assessment of Trans Fatty Acid intake with a food frequency questionnaire and validation with adipose tissue levels of Trans Fatty Acids
American Journal of Epidemiology, 1998Co-Authors: Rozenn N Lemaitre, Irena B King, Ruth E Patterson, Bruce M Psaty, Mark Kestin, Susan R HeckbertAbstract:Past studies of the association of Trans-Fatty Acid intake with coronary heart disease have been hindered by the lack of a database on the Trans-Fatty Acid content of various foods. The authors used new data from the US Department of Agriculture to estimate Trans-Fatty Acid intake using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and they assessed the validity of the FFQ by comparing the dietary estimates with Trans-Fatty Acid concentrations in adipose tissue. The 1996 study included 27 women and 24 men aged 51-78 years. The mean consumption of total Trans-Fatty Acids estimated from the FFQ was 2.24 g per day and 5% of total dietary fat. The mean concentration of total Trans-Fatty Acids in buttock adipose tissue was 4.7% of total Fatty Acids. Pearson correlations between total dietary intake of Trans-Fatty Acids and total Trans-Fatty Acid levels in adipose tissue were 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36-0.84) among men and 0.58 (95% CI 0.26-0.79) among women. After adjustment for energy intake, age, and body mass index, the correlation coefficients were 0.76 (95% CI 0.51-0.89) among men and 0.52 (95% CI 0.17-0.75) among women. The FFQ validated in this study is an important new tool for assessing usual intake of Trans-Fatty Acids.
