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J P Dujardin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • apport de la morphometrie geometrique dans la lutte contre rhipicephalus boophilus microplus canestrini 1888 sur le couloir de Transhumance ivoiro burkinabe
    International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Amenan Claude Aimee Diahakouame, Tah Yves Nathan Tianbi, Yaba Louise Achi, Marlene Dupraz, Koffi Eugene Kouakou, J P Dujardin
    Abstract:

    Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus est une tique caracterisee par sa resistance a la plupart des acaricides utilises de nos jours. Les outils pour le choix des strategies de lutte ou d’eradication permettant l’obtention de resultats durables sont encore peu accessibles. En entomologie et dans de nombreux autres domaines de recherche impliquant des etudes sur les arthropodes, l’etude de la variation des formes s’est averee utile pour l'identification des especes et la caracterisation des populations. Ainsi, dans notre etude, nous avons etudie le niveau de diversite morphologique de R. (B.) microplus par deux methodes, notamment la morphometrie classique (MC) et la morphometrie geometrique (MG) sur des tiques collectees dans dix fermes issues de deux axes du couloir de Transhumance Ivoiro-Burkinabe. L’analyse des resultats a montre une heterogeneite morphologique en fonction de la position geographique des populations etudiees sur ces axes du couloir de Transhumance. Les deux methodes ont montre des resultats similaires mais la morphometrie geometrique s’est presentee comme une approche interessante car elle permet de visualiser les differences de forme entre groupes ou entre individus. Nous avons ainsi montre dans quelle mesure ces deux approches peuvent aider a comprendre l’epidemiologie, la structuration et la mobilite des populations de tiques a moindre cout et en consequence, participer a l’amelioration et la durabilite des activites regionales de lutte. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Cote d’Ivoire, diversite morphologique, tique, resistance, morphometrie classique, morphometrie geometrique English Title:  Contribution of geometric morphometry in the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888) on the Transhumance corridor between Cote d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso English Abstract Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a tick characterized by its resistance to most acaricides currently used. Selection tools for control or eradication strategies to achieve sustainable results are still poorly accessible. In entomology, as well as in many other research fields involving arthropod studies, the study of shape variation has proven useful for species identification and population characterization. Thus, in our study, we studied the morphological diversity of R. (B.) microplus using two methods of morphometry: classical morphometry (MC) and geometric morphometry (MG) on ticks collected in ten farms from two axes of the Ivoiro-Burkinabe Transhumance corridor. The analysis of the results showed a morphological heterogeneity according to the geographical position of the populations studied on the two axes. Both methods showed similar results but the geometric morphometry presented itself as an interesting approach because it allows to visualize the differences of form between groups or between individuals. We have thus shown to what extent these two approaches can help to understand the epidemiology, the structure and the mobility of tick populations at a lower cost and consequently, to contribute to the improvement and the sustainability of the regional control activities. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cote d'Ivoire, morphological diversity, tick, resistance, traditional morphometry, geometric morphometrics

Brice Sinsin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transhumance en republique du benin etats des lieux et contraintes
    International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2015
    Co-Authors: Paolo Lesse, Marcel Houinato, J A Djenontin, Hippolyte Dossa, Bouraima Yabi, Ismael Toko, Brice Tente, Brice Sinsin
    Abstract:

    L’elevage pastoral joue un role preponderant dans l’economie des pays de l’Afrique tropicale. Au Benin, l’elevage, surtout celui du gros betail, est essentiellement transhumant. De nombreuses etudes et rencontres scientifiques se sont consacrees a sa connaissance en vue de resoudre les difficultes qu’elle genere et de nombreuses dispositions reglementaires ont ete adoptees dans ce meme objectif. Le but de la presente etude est de faire un etat des lieux de ces differents travaux afin d’en sortir les contraintes auxquelles ce systeme est confronte. Pour ce faire, plusieurs documents qui ont traite de la Transhumance au Benin et dans la sous-region Ouest Africaine ont ete consultes. Les donnees obtenues ont ete synthetisees. Ensuite, une caracterisation de la Transhumance a ete faite. L’outil utilise est la triangulation. Il ressort de l’etude que les premiers ecrits sur la Transhumance datent de 1905. Les resultats ont egalement permis de voir qu’elle est confrontee a des problemes d’alimentation, de variabilites climatiques, des textes reglementaires, de conflits et de disponibilites des infrastructures pastorales. Il ressort egalement que la Transhumance demeure sous la forte influence des systemes de culture surtout pendant la secheresse. Mais la contribution des systemes de culture demeure insuffisante. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Systeme d’elevage, audit, difficultes, alimentation, Afrique de l’Ouest English Title:  Transhumance in Republic of Benin: state of art and constraints English Abstract The pastoral breeding plays a preponderant role in the economy of the sub-Saharan Africa countries. In Benin, beef cattle breeding are essentially nomadic. Numerous studies and meeting focused on it in order to solving the difficulties it brings and numerous legal dispositions were adopted for this same target. This study aims at making the inventory of these different studies in order to bring out the constraints confronted by the  system. Several documents on Transhumance in Benin and the region were consulted and the data synthesized. This synthesis allowed to characterizing the study area, then the historic and characterization of nowadays Transhumance. The tools used are the triangulation. The study reveals that the first papers on Transhumance were writing in 1905. Moreover, the results showed that Transhumance is confronted with pasture, climate variability, the statutory texts, the conflicts and the availability of pastoral infrastructures. The study also showed that Transhumance is still under the heavy influence of crops systems mainly the dry drought season. However, the contribution to the farming system is still inadequate. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: West Africa, difficult, alimentation, audit, breeding

Jose A Gonzalez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • using visual stimuli to explore the social perceptions of ecosystem services in cultural landscapes the case of Transhumance in mediterranean spain
    Ecology and Society, 2014
    Co-Authors: Cesar Lopezsantiago, Elisa Oterosrozas, Berta Martinlopez, Tobias Plieninger, Esther Gonzalez Martin, Jose A Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    The ecosystem services approach has been proposed as a powerful tool for the analysis of coupled social-ecological systems. This approach is particularly useful for the evaluation of cultural landscapes, which represent the joint evolution of humans and nature across an extended time span. Transhumance is a customary practice of mobile pastoralism, involving the regular seasonal migration of livestock herds between summer and winter pasturelands. This practice maintains unique cultural landscapes in Mediterranean Spain, which have been shaped over many centuries of pastoral activity. Drove roads, which are used for herd migration, represent the most outstanding feature of these landscapes. We used visually based landscape interpretation to evaluate social perceptions of ecosystem services provided by the Conquense Drove Road Transhumance landscape in Spain. Face-to-face questionnaires (N = 314) were given to a sample of local inhabitants, visitors, and urban inhabitants. The questionnaires contained two pairs of photographs depicting images of croplands and pine forests associated with the Transhumance landscape, with one photograph in each pair containing a drove road. We compared the social perceptions of 16 ecosystem services supplied by these two landscapes. These 16 services were divided into 3 types: provisioning, such as the production of food and water; regulating, such as the control of climate and disease; and cultural, such as spiritual and recreational benefits. We also identified differences between landscapes with and without a drove road. Overall, respondents recognized the higher capacity of forests to deliver a wider range of ecosystem services to society compared with croplands. Provisioning services were mostly associated with cropland, whereas regulating services and cultural ecosystem services tended to be related to forests. All three types of ecosystem services were more perceived by respondents when a drove road was present in each landscape. However, differences in the visual perception of ecosystem services supply and preference for Transhumance landscapes emerged in relation to certain socio-demographic and cultural respondent characteristics such as a previous relationship with Transhumance and agriculture, rural/urban origin and identity, environmental awareness, and cultural attachment to a place. Four groups of respondents had consistent and diverging ecosystem services appreciation, revealing various potential conflicts and tradeoffs. We discuss the applicability and usefulness of the proposed approach for evaluating ecosystem services in cultural landscapes and for informing policy-making processes.

  • traditional ecological knowledge among transhumant pastoralists in mediterranean spain
    Ecology and Society, 2013
    Co-Authors: Elisa Oterosrozas, Ricardo Ontillerasanchez, Pau Sanosa, Erik Gomezbaggethun, Victoria Reyesgarcia, Jose A Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    Mobility is a millenary human strategy to deal with environmental change. An outstanding example of mobility is Transhumance, an ancient pastoralist practice consisting of the seasonal migration of livestock between ecological regions following peaks in pasture productivity. The maintenance of Transhumance depends partly on the preservation of related traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). We (a) identified and characterized social groups that hold Transhumance-related TEK, (b) analyzed trends in Transhumance-related TEK across generations and social groups, (c) examined the factors that influence variation in levels of TEK, and (d) analyzed elements of Transhumance-related TEK as examples of adaptive strategies to cope with global change. We used Transhumance on the Conquense Drove Road, a major active transhumant network in Spain, as a case study. Through an indepth literature review, participant observation, semistructured interviews, and a focus group discussion, we developed a survey to examine Transhumance-related knowledge, practices, and beliefs. We collected survey data from 150 informants. Although a rich body of TEK persisted among transhumant shepherds, we found a marked loss of TEK among transhumants born after 1975, who scored one-fifth lower on survey items than other generations. The maintenance of Transhumance on foot is the most important factor influencing TEK preservation. We conclude that in developed country settings, maintaining conditions for herd mobility can contribute to enhancing the adaptive capacity of agrarian societies to cope with global environmental change

Maria Karatassiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • scenarios of optimal organization of sheep and goat Transhumance
    Regional Environmental Change, 2020
    Co-Authors: Athanasios Ragkos, Maria Karatassiou, Stavriani Koutsou, Z M Parissi
    Abstract:

    Sheep and goat Transhumance is still practiced in all parts of Greece, as it is suitable for the particular conditions of the country’s mountainous areas. The purpose of this study was to present a set of alternative plans of development of the sector under the scenarios of extensification and premium product pricing. Alternative patterns of optimal organization were elaborated by means of mathematical programming, which is an established optimization method for problems including various activities under a set of constraints. The analysis used farm management data from a survey of transhumant farms in an area typical for Transhumance, which was divided to three sub-areas according to the dynamics of vegetation succession. Farms in the three sub-areas were found to differ significantly in terms of economic performance, yields and labour use. The results of the analysis demonstrated how the valorization of labour combined with the availability of hired workers led to two different trajectories in the area. In addition, it showed that premium pricing of high-quality milk can have significant impact on the structure of the system. These findings yield important considerations regarding the organization of multifunctional production systems, which play important sociocultural and environmental roles in fragile territories.

  • acces a la terre et Transhumance en grece bien commun et conflits sociaux
    Développement Durable et Territoires, 2019
    Co-Authors: Stavriani Koutsou, Athanassios Ragkos, Maria Karatassiou
    Abstract:

    La gouvernance des terres communes, considerees comme un bien commun, a toujours ete une question d’importance majeure pour l’economie et la cohesion sociale en zones rurales. En effet, elle influence dans une large mesure la durabilite des systemes de production locaux et est garante de la paix sociale. En Grece les pâturages publics constituent un bien commun pour les societes rurales montagnardes orientees vers l’elevage, et l’acces aux pâturages conditionne la viabilite economique de l’activite, surtout pour les systemes d’elevage extensifs, comme la Transhumance. Malgre son role important, la Transhumance est confrontee aujourd’hui a des dangers qui menacent sa viabilite. Ces dangers sont tant internes qu’externes et ils sont a l’origine de conflits sociaux parmi les eleveurs, comme aussi entre les eleveurs et d’autres categories socio-professionnelles. La gestion des pâturages, qui pendant des siecles etait assuree au sein du « tseligato » (une forme d’organisation specifique des eleveurs, de type cooperative), est aujourd’hui menacee par le fonctionnement individualiste des eleveurs, qui sont encourages, dans une certaine mesure, par les mesures des politiques publiques appliquees. La question centrale qui se pose est : dans quelle mesure ces dangers et conflits conditionnent-ils la durabilite des pâturages montagneux et la durabilite de la Transhumance ? Cependant, sous les conditions actuelles, l’attenuation des conflits sociaux pourrait etre realisee non seulement par des ajustements reglementaires cibles au niveau central ou regional, mais aussi par des approches participatives et l’encouragement des initiatives locales.

  • the role of Transhumance on land use cover changes in mountain vermio northern greece a gis based approach
    Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca, 2017
    Co-Authors: Paraskevi Sklavou, Maria Karatassiou, Georgia Galidaki, Z M Parissi, Athanasios Ragkos, Anna Sidiropoulou
    Abstract:

    Transhumant flocks graze the vegetation of medium and high elevation rangelands during late spring to autumn depending on the geographical area and climatic conditions. This study aimed to assess and interpret the impacts of Transhumance decline on the land use/cover on Mountain Vermio, for the period 1985-2009. For many years, this area has received high stocking rates from transhumant livestock. However, during the last 30 years Transhumance has been dramatically decreased. Land cover changes have been identified using a post classification comparison approach within a Geographical Information Systems environment. Moreover, the rate and the spatial differentiation of land use/cover were determined by means of the Dynamic Degree Index. According to the results, the acreage of grasslands and grazed open forests has decreased during the study period (3% and 83% respectively), while shrublands demonstrated an opposite trend with an increase of 25%. Furthermore, based on the Dynamic Degree Index, the greatest changes occurred in the conversion of grazed open forests and shrublands, compared to other land use/cover categories. This can be attributed to changes in sheep and goats populations grazing in the area, also related to the dispersion of flocks in local rangelands. Moreover, this article presents the results of a questionnaire survey on transhumant herders. These results, combined with the assessment of changes in the Dynamic Degree Index, reflect the difficulties that farmers face in terms of access to rangelands and their increased awareness regarding the environmental role of Transhumance.

  • impact of Transhumance extensification on land use cover changes on mountain vermio northern greece a gis based approach
    40 Years of Horticulture Education in Cluj-Napoca, 2017
    Co-Authors: Paraskevi Sklavoy, Maria Karatassiou, Georgia Galidaki, Z M Parissi, Athanasios Ragkos, Anna Sidiropoulou
    Abstract:

    Transhumance is a practice of seasonal movement of livestock occurring between two fixed points. Transhumant flocks use the vegetation of medium and high elevation rangelands during late spring to autumn depending on the geographical area and climatic conditions. This study aimed to assess and interpret the impacts of Transhumance extensification on the land use/cover on Mountain Vermio, for the period 1985-2009. For many years, this area has received high stocking rates from transhumant livestock. However, the last decades Transhumance was dramatically decreased. The post classification comparison approach was implemented within a GIS environment to estimate the changes. Moreover, the rate and the spatial differentiation of land use/cover were determined by means of the dynamic degree index. According to the results, the acreage of grasslands and grazed open forests was decreased during the study period (3% and 83% respectively), while shrublands demonstrated an opposite trend with an increase of 25%. Furthermore, based on the index, the greater changes occurred in the conversion of grazed open forests and shrublands compared to other land use /cover categories. These changes could be attributed to changes in sheep and goats populations grazing in the area, also related to the dispersion of flocks in local rangelands. Moreover, this paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey on transhumant herders. These results, combined with an assessment of changes in the dynamic degree index, reflect the difficulties that farmers face in terms of access to rangelands and their increased awareness regarding the environmental role of Transhumance. This abstract was accepted to be presented at the conference entitled “ 40 Years of Horticulture Education in Cluj-Napoca ” Cluj-Napoca, September 27, 2017, being included in ‘Book of Abstracts’ of this special-anniversary event ( http://conference.shst.ro ). All accepted papers will be published in a special issue of Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal.

  • Impact of Transhumance Extensification on Land-Use/Cover Changes on Mountain Vermio, Northern Greece: A GIS Based Approach
    2017
    Co-Authors: Paraskevi Sklavoy, Maria Karatassiou, Georgia Galidaki, Z M Parissi, Athanasios Ragkos, Anna Sidiropoulou
    Abstract:

    Transhumance is a practice of seasonal movement of livestock occurring between two fixed points. Transhumant flocks use the vegetation of medium and high elevation rangelands during late spring to autumn depending on the geographical area and climatic conditions. This study aimed to assess and interpret the impacts of Transhumance extensification on the land use/cover on Mountain Vermio, for the period 1985-2009. For many years, this area has received high stocking rates from transhumant livestock. However, the last decades Transhumance was dramatically decreased. The post classification comparison approach was implemented within a GIS environment to estimate the changes. Moreover, the rate and the spatial differentiation of land use/cover were determined by means of the dynamic degree index. According to the results, the acreage of grasslands and grazed open forests was decreased during the study period (3% and 83% respectively), while shrublands demonstrated an opposite trend with an increase of 25%. Furthermore, based on the index, the greater changes occurred in the conversion of grazed open forests and shrublands compared to other land use /cover categories. These changes could be attributed to changes in sheep and goats populations grazing in the area, also related to the dispersion of flocks in local rangelands. Moreover, this paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey on transhumant herders. These results, combined with an assessment of changes in the dynamic degree index, reflect the difficulties that farmers face in terms of access to rangelands and their increased awareness regarding the environmental role of Transhumance. This abstract was accepted to be presented at the conference entitled “ 40 Years of Horticulture Education in Cluj-Napoca ” Cluj-Napoca, September 27, 2017, being included in ‘Book of Abstracts’ of this special-anniversary event ( http://conference.shst.ro ). All accepted papers will be published in a special issue of Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal.

Arnaud Convers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • la gestion de la Transhumance dans la zone d influence du parc regional du w par le programme ecopas une approche projet pour l amenagement de la peripherie du parc
    VertigO - la revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement, 2008
    Co-Authors: Arnaud Convers, Issa Chaibou, Aurelie Binot, D Dulieu
    Abstract:

    Au demarrage du Programme Parc W-ECOPAS en 2001, la Transhumance avait ete identifiee comme la contrainte majeure a l’atteinte des objectifs de conservation de la biodiversite dans le Parc transfrontalier du W. Depuis son classement en 1954, le Parc est en effet exploite illegalement pour son pâturage et ses reserves en eau par les eleveurs tant sedentaires (populations riveraines) que transhumants. Pour gerer cette situation, le programme a donc adopte une approche fondee sur la connaissance des dynamiques spatio-temporelles de la Transhumance, de maniere a en comprendre les determinants et a pouvoir entamer une negociation avec les differentes parties prenantes, a differents niveaux de pouvoir (des eleveurs aux hauts fonctionnaires). Cette demarche de negociation vise essentiellement a gerer les questions foncieres soulevees par les dynamiques agro-pastorales autour de l’aire protegee.

  • etat des lieux spatialise et quantitatif de la Transhumance dans la zone peripherique d influence au parc national du w niger
    2002
    Co-Authors: Arnaud Convers
    Abstract:

    En Afrique sahelienne, les eleveurs dependent etroitement du milieu naturel dans lequel ils evoluent avec leur troupeau. Les ressources pastorales qu'ils exploitent connaissent compte tenu des variations climatiques saisonnieres, des fluctuations dans le temps et dans l'espace qui les obligent a mettre en place une strategie pour continuer a satisfaire les besoins hydriques et alimentaires de leurs animaux. Ainsi, lors de la saison seche, le deplacement de leur terroir d'attache vers d'autres zones plus riches s'avere necessaire. Ceci constitue la Transhumance qui permet d'utiliser alternativement deux territoires en fonction des conditions ecologiques offertes par chacun. Le probleme actuel auquel se trouve confronte la plupart de ces eleveurs est la reduction et la degradation des aires de pâturages sur leur zone d'accueil habituelle et les pistes de Transhumance qu'ils empruntent pour les atteindre. Ce changement dans leur environnement initial s'explique essentiellement par les vagues de secheresse qui sevissent depuis les annees 70 et par la pression agricole mais aussi par le surpâturage, la reduction des temps de jachere (voire sa suppression) les feux de brousse non maitrises, etc. Face a cela, les eleveurs vivant en peripherie d'une aire protegee ont developpe une nouvelle strategie consistant a pratiquer a l'interieur de celle-ci un pâturage illegal en saison seche. C'est une des contraintes majeures a laquelle est confronte le Pare Regional du W regroupant les entites beninoise, burkinabee et nigerienne du meme nom. Le Programme ECOPAS, intervenant dans cette zone et dont l'objectif est d'assurer la preservation de la biodiversite tout en assurant le developpement des populations riveraines, a estime qu'une spatialisation et une quantification de la Transhumance dans la zone peripherique d'influence du parc devaient etre realisees dans chacun des trois pays. Le but est d'apprehender au mieux la geographie de la Transhumance, ses raisons, son calendrier, l'importance de ses flux et de localiser precisement les pistes empruntees et les ressources pastorales pour aboutir a une cartographie. Concernant la partie nigerienne, il s'avere que la zone peripherique d'influence du parc en matiere de Transhumance est tres vaste (arrondissements de Say, de Kollo, du Boboye, de Dosso et de Gaya), Les zones de depart inventoriees subissent un manque d'eau ou de fourrages en saison seche, les deux pouvant etre combines et elles connaissent quasiment toute une saturation de l'espace pastoral issue de l'avancee constante des cultures. Des releves de vegetation ont ete entrepris pour apprecier l'etat des aires de pâturages des zones d'attache et des axes de Transhumance. Les herbacees annuelles dominent et notamment Zornia glochidiata (appetee mais peu productive). Dans leur tres grande majorite, les eleveurs enquetes quittent leur terroir d'attache entre fevrier et avril et prennent la direction du Parc du W, plus precisement au niveau de la zone Mekrou cote Benin. Pour cela, ils prennent generalement des axes traditionnels qui a la difference des couloirs imposes en saison des pluies constituent plutot des points strategiques (aires de pâturages, points d'eau, marches, terres natronees, etc.) que les eleveurs cherchent a relier. Mais en fonction de certaines parametres (degradation des ressources pastorales, surveillance des agents forestiers dans les reserves adjacentes au parc), les eleveurs peuvent modifier leur itineraire mais rarement le choix de leur zone d'accueil qui malgre certaines contraintes (amendes) et dangers (fauves, maladies, vols) reste bien souvent le meme. De maniere generale, la situation de la Transhumance au niveau du Parc du W est preoccupante, l'estimation numerique de certains flux et un recensement aerien l'ont confirme. Il n'existe pas une solution unique et miracle aux problemes poses par la Transhumance dans le parc; et quelle pourrait etre l'alternative proposee a ce deplacement saisonnier rendu si nec