Transportation Policy

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Makoto Itoh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Benjamin Mason Meier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Autonomous vehicles: Developing a public health research agenda to frame the future of Transportation Policy
    Journal of Transport & Health, 2017
    Co-Authors: Travis J. Crayton, Benjamin Mason Meier
    Abstract:

    Recent advancements in autonomous vehicle technology have led to projections that fully autonomous vehicles could define the Transportation network within the coming years. In preparation for this disruptive innovation in Transportation technology, Transportation scholars have started to assess the potential impacts of autonomous vehicles, and Transportation Policymakers have started to formulate Policy recommendations and regulatory guidance concerning their deployment. However, there has been little analysis of the public health implications arising from the widespread adoption of fully autonomous vehicles. We examine these prospective public health impacts—both benefits and harms to individual and population health—and analyze how they can be considered in the development of Transportation Policy. In this manuscript, we discuss the evolving relationship between technological innovations in Transportation and public health, conceptualize automated Transportation as a disruptive technology necessitating a public Policy response, and define a research agenda to examine the public health implications of autonomous vehicle Policy, as seen through existing evidence on road casualties, environmental health, aging populations, non-communicable disease, land use, and labor markets. We conclude that such a public health research agenda would provide a basis to frame autonomous vehicle policies that best support the public's health, realize the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to ensure healthy lives and create sustainable cities, and provide a basis for public health participation in Transportation Policy reforms.

Robert Jay Dilger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Federalism Issues in Surface Transportation Policy: A Historical Perspective
    2015
    Co-Authors: Robert Jay Dilger
    Abstract:

    This report provides a historical perspective on contemporary federalism issues in surface Transportation Policy, from the beginning of the nation through the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21). It also discusses legislative activity during the 114th Congress to reauthorize highway and mass transit programs.

  • Federalism Issues in Surface Transportation Policy: Past and Present
    2011
    Co-Authors: Robert Jay Dilger
    Abstract:

    This report provides an historical perspective on contemporary federalism issues in surface Transportation Policy that are likely to be addressed by Congress during the 112th Congress, including possible devolution of programmatic responsibility to states and proposals to change state maintenance-of-effort requirements and state cost matching requirements.

  • TEA-21: Transportation Policy, Pork Barrel Politics, and American Federalism
    Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 1998
    Co-Authors: Robert Jay Dilger
    Abstract:

    This article examines ISTEA's impact on intergovernmental relations in Transportation Policy over the past six years and provides an overview of the political maneuvering that took place during its reauthorization. ISTEA had a significant, decentralizing impact on Transportation Policy, but its 19971998 reauthorization was driven by electoral concerns that transcended congressional views on American federalism. These electoral concerns help to explain why ISTEA's reauthorization process took so long, why the decentralization in Transportation Policy that took place in 1991 was not broadened by TEA-21, and why it is unlikely that Transportation Policy will ever be fully devolved to the states and localities.

  • ISTEA: A New Direction for Transportation Policy
    Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 1992
    Co-Authors: Robert Jay Dilger
    Abstract:

    The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 is likely to be remembered as one of President Bush's most significant contributions to government decentralization and the ideals of New Federalism. It is a landmark piece of legislation that makes wholesale revisions in the federal government's role in Transportation Policy, providing state and, especially, local Policymakers with an unprecedented opportunity to determine the future direction of the nation's surface Transportation programs. However, at the same time it decentralized authority over project selection, it continued to expand the number of crossover sanctions attached tofederal Transportationfunding and preempted state authority over truck weights and lengths. This underscores recent research findings that suggest that federalism principles are important tofederalPolicymakers but not necessarily more important than other competing values that emanate from different political, social, and economic views.

Lucie K Ozanne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • MARKETING THEORY AND URBAN Transportation Policy
    Transportation Research Record, 1993
    Co-Authors: Peter B Everett, Lucie K Ozanne
    Abstract:

    A popular theme in urban Transportation Policy is Transportation demand management, or TDM. This Policy is in response to years of trying to solve urban travel problems by increasing the supply (e.g., roads) to meet an ever-accelerating demand. As evidenced by the congestion and pollution problems in today's cities, the "supply" Policy is not working. TDM focuses on managing and changing travel demand patterns. Increasing the use of mass transit, encouraging housing selection that is closer to work, making it easier to work at home on a personal computer, facilitating vanpools, and developing electronic shopping options are all TDM strategies. TDM, if anything, involves changing consumer behavior in regard to travel and travel-related choices. Three conceptual and theoretical perspectives in marketing are outlined (services marketing, cultural aspects of consumption, and reinforcement theory), and suggestions are made for significantly enhancing this task.

Stephenie C. Lemon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Understanding Municipal Officials' Involvement in Transportation Policies Supportive of Walking and Bicycling
    Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP, 2017
    Co-Authors: Marissa L. Zwald, Amy A. Eyler, Karin Valentine Goins, Ross C. Brownson, Thomas L. Schmid, Stephenie C. Lemon
    Abstract:

    CONTEXT:: Local Transportation policies can impact the built environment and physical activity. Municipal officials play a critical role in Transportation Policy and planning decisions, yet little is known about what influences their involvement. OBJECTIVE:: To describe municipal officials' involvement in Transportation policies that were supportive of walking and bicycling and to examine individual- and job-related predictors of involvement in Transportation policies among municipal officials. DESIGN:: A cross-sectional survey was administered online from June to July 2012 to municipal officials in 83 urban areas with a population of 50000 or more residents across 8 states. PARTICIPANTS:: A total of 461 municipal officials from public health, planning, Transportation, public works, community and economic development, parks and recreation, city management, and municipal legislatures responded to the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:: Participation in the development, adoption, or implementation of a municipal Transportation Policy supportive of walking or bicycling. RESULTS:: Multivariate logistic regression analyses, conducted in September 2013, revealed that perceived importance of economic development and traffic congestion was positively associated with involvement in a municipal Transportation Policy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.70; OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.26-2.01, respectively). Higher perceived resident support of local government to address economic development was associated with an increased likelihood of participation in a Transportation Policy (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.24-2.32). Respondents who perceived lack of collaboration as a barrier were less likely to be involved in a Transportation Policy (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.97). Municipal officials who lived in the city or town in which they worked were significantly more likely to be involved in a Transportation Policy (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.05-3.17). CONCLUSIONS:: Involvement in a local Transportation Policy by a municipal official was associated with greater perceived importance of economic development and traffic congestion in job responsibilities, greater perceived resident support of local government to address economic development, and residence of the municipal official. Lack of collaboration represented a barrier to local Transportation Policy participation. Language: en

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