The Experts below are selected from a list of 66 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gabor Reuter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A diarrheic chicken simultaneously co-infected with multiple picornaviruses: Complete genome analysis of avian picornaviruses representing up to six genera.
Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Ádám Adonyi, Hajnalka Fenyvesi, J. Michael Day, Gabor ReuterAbstract:In this study all currently known chicken picornaviruses including a novel one (chicken phacovirus 1, KT880670) were identified by viral metagenomic and RT-PCR methods from a single specimen of a diarrheic chicken suffering from a total of eight picornavirus co-infections, in Hungary. The complete genomes of six picornaviruses were determined and their genomic and phylogenetic characteristics and UTR RNA structural models analyzed in details. Picornaviruses belonged to genera Sicinivirus (the first complete genome), Gallivirus, Tremovirus, Avisivirus and "Orivirus" (two potential genotypes). In addition, the unassigned phacoviruses were also detected in multiple samples of chickens in the USA. Multiple co-infections promote and facilitate the recombination and evolution of picornaviruses and eventually could contribute to the severity of the diarrhea in chicken, in one of the most important food sources of humans.
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genome analysis of a novel highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel falco tinnunculus the first non enteroviral picornavirus with type i like ires
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Peter Simmonds, Edit Pollak, Robert Matics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order Falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. This study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as Falcovirus A1 (KP230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, order Falconiformes). Falcovirus A1 has the longest 3DRdRp genome region and distant phylogenetic relationship to the Hepatitis A virus 1 (Hepatovirus) and Avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (Tremovirus). It has a type-I (enterovirus-like) IRES in the 5′UTR – identified for the first time among avian-borne picornaviruses suggesting that type-I IRES is not restricted only to enteroviruses and providing further evidence of mosaicism of this region among different picornavirus genera.
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Genome analysis of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus): The first non-enteroviral picornavirus with type-I-like IRES
Infection genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Peter Simmonds, Edit Pollak, Robert Matics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order Falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. This study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as Falcovirus A1 (KP230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, order Falconiformes). Falcovirus A1 has the longest 3D(RdRp) genome region and distant phylogenetic relationship to the Hepatitis A virus 1 (Hepatovirus) and Avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (Tremovirus). It has a type-I (enterovirus-like) IRES in the 5'UTR - identified for the first time among avian-borne picornaviruses suggesting that type-I IRES is not restricted only to enteroviruses and providing further evidence of mosaicism of this region among different picornavirus genera.
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kobuvirus in domestic sheep hungary
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, László EgyedAbstract:To the Editor: Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA. They are divided into 12 genera: Enterovirus, Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Erbovirus, Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Tremovirus, Avihepatovirus, and Kobuvirus. The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus (1) and Bovine kobuvirus (2), and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (3). The kobuvirus genome is ≈8.2–8.4 kb long and has the typical picornavirus genome organization of leader (L) protein following the structural (viral protein [VP] 0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A–2C and 3A–3D) regions (2,4). The genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi (strain A846/88), bovine (U-1), and porcine (S-1-HUN) viruses is between 35% (L protein) and 74% (3D region) (2,4). Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus were first detected in fecal samples from humans and cattle in Japan, in 1991 and 2003, respectively (1,2). Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 (3,4). Recent studies demonstrated that Aichi virus circulates in Asia (5), Europe (6,7) including Hungary (4), South America (6), and North Africa (8) and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, bovine and porcine kobuviruses are detected among these farm animals in Europe (4) and Asia (2,9). These data indicate that kobuviruses are widely distributed geographically and raise the possibility of additional animal host species. We detected kobuvirus in sheep. On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries) <3 weeks of age in a herd of 400 animals in central Hungary. At this farm, merino ewes from Hungary were mated with blackhead meat rams from Germany. At the time of sampling, no clinical signs of diarrhea were reported. Reverse transcription–PCR was performed by using generic kobuvirus screening primers (UNIV-kobu-R/F) reported previously (4). These primers were designed for Aichi virus (GenBank accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AB040749","term_id":"15186718","term_text":"AB040749"}}AB040749), bovine ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AB084788","term_id":"24817742","term_text":"AB084788"}}AB084788), and porcine kobuvirus ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU787450","term_id":"219524015","term_text":"EU787450"}}EU787450) sequences and amplify a 216-nt region of 3D (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region). The continuous 3D and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the kobuvirus genome in sheep were determined by using the 5′/3′ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) kit, 2nd generation (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and primers UNIV-kobu-F and S-1-F-7518/7540 (5′-CACTTCCATCATCAACACCATCA-3′ corresponding to nt 7518–7540 of bovine kobuvirus) (4). PCR products were sequenced directly in both directions by using the BigDye Reaction Kit (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) with the PCR primers and sequenced by an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Stafford, TX, USA). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using MEGA version 4.1 (www.megasoftware.net). The sequence for kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary was submitted to GenBank under accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693. Of the 8 sheep fecal samples, 5 (62.5%) were positive for kobuvirus. The partial 3D region (216 nt) was genetically identical for all 5 strains. The 3′ continuous nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D (688 nt) and 3′ UTR (174 nt) regions of strain kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary (TB3-HUN; {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693) was determined. TB3-HUN had 59%–66% (862) nt and 77%–84% aa identities to Aichi and porcine kobuviruses, respectively. Strain TB3-HUN had 89/97% nt/aa and 86% nt identities to bovine kobuvirus in the 3D/3′ UTR (862 nt) and 3′ UTR (174 nt) regions, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the overlapping partial 3D/3′ UTR nucleotide sequence of TB3-HUN from sheep and of reference bovine, porcine, and human kobuviruses confirmed that ovine kobuvirus strain TB3-HUN is related to bovine kobuviruses (Figure). Figure Phylogenetic analysis of kobuvirus in sheep (kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693) and kobuvirus lineages in humans, cattle, and swine, according ... The nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D/3′ UTR region of kobuvirus in sheep has high nucleotide identity to bovine kobuviruses and forms the same lineage (but a different sublineage) with the kobuvirus strains in cattle. This result raised the following questions: can a highly similar kobuvirus be present in (and pathogenic for) 2 animal species (cattle and sheep), or is this result a consequence of natural contamination? The concept of sheep as host is supported by the high prevalence of kobuvirus in young healthy sheep; by the sublineage position of the sheep strain on the phylogenetic tree according to the most conserved genetic region; and by the genetic relation between the 2 potential ruminant hosts, cattle and sheep. The existence of 1 pathogen in 2 host species (cattle and sheep) is well known, e.g., for bluetongue virus, adenoviruses, ovine herpesvirus type 2, and foot-and-mouth disease picornaviruses (10). Alternatively, the possibility of natural contamination cannot be excluded. The possibility of passive virus shedding in sheep exists because a cattle farm was located next to the tested sheep herd and would enable fecal–oral transmission of kobuvirus between these farm animals. Both possibilities (host and passive virus reservoir) are preliminary perceptions, regardless which is true. Further molecular and epidemiologic studies are required to determine the relevance, distribution, and diversity of kobuvirus or kobuviruses in sheep.
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Kobuvirus in domestic sheep, Hungary.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, László EgyedAbstract:To the Editor: Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA. They are divided into 12 genera: Enterovirus, Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Erbovirus, Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Tremovirus, Avihepatovirus, and Kobuvirus. The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus (1) and Bovine kobuvirus (2), and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (3). The kobuvirus genome is ≈8.2–8.4 kb long and has the typical picornavirus genome organization of leader (L) protein following the structural (viral protein [VP] 0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A–2C and 3A–3D) regions (2,4). The genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi (strain A846/88), bovine (U-1), and porcine (S-1-HUN) viruses is between 35% (L protein) and 74% (3D region) (2,4). Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus were first detected in fecal samples from humans and cattle in Japan, in 1991 and 2003, respectively (1,2). Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 (3,4). Recent studies demonstrated that Aichi virus circulates in Asia (5), Europe (6,7) including Hungary (4), South America (6), and North Africa (8) and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, bovine and porcine kobuviruses are detected among these farm animals in Europe (4) and Asia (2,9). These data indicate that kobuviruses are widely distributed geographically and raise the possibility of additional animal host species. We detected kobuvirus in sheep. On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries)
Akos Boros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A diarrheic chicken simultaneously co-infected with multiple picornaviruses: Complete genome analysis of avian picornaviruses representing up to six genera.
Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Ádám Adonyi, Hajnalka Fenyvesi, J. Michael Day, Gabor ReuterAbstract:In this study all currently known chicken picornaviruses including a novel one (chicken phacovirus 1, KT880670) were identified by viral metagenomic and RT-PCR methods from a single specimen of a diarrheic chicken suffering from a total of eight picornavirus co-infections, in Hungary. The complete genomes of six picornaviruses were determined and their genomic and phylogenetic characteristics and UTR RNA structural models analyzed in details. Picornaviruses belonged to genera Sicinivirus (the first complete genome), Gallivirus, Tremovirus, Avisivirus and "Orivirus" (two potential genotypes). In addition, the unassigned phacoviruses were also detected in multiple samples of chickens in the USA. Multiple co-infections promote and facilitate the recombination and evolution of picornaviruses and eventually could contribute to the severity of the diarrhea in chicken, in one of the most important food sources of humans.
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genome analysis of a novel highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel falco tinnunculus the first non enteroviral picornavirus with type i like ires
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Peter Simmonds, Edit Pollak, Robert Matics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order Falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. This study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as Falcovirus A1 (KP230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, order Falconiformes). Falcovirus A1 has the longest 3DRdRp genome region and distant phylogenetic relationship to the Hepatitis A virus 1 (Hepatovirus) and Avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (Tremovirus). It has a type-I (enterovirus-like) IRES in the 5′UTR – identified for the first time among avian-borne picornaviruses suggesting that type-I IRES is not restricted only to enteroviruses and providing further evidence of mosaicism of this region among different picornavirus genera.
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Genome analysis of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus): The first non-enteroviral picornavirus with type-I-like IRES
Infection genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Peter Simmonds, Edit Pollak, Robert Matics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order Falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. This study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as Falcovirus A1 (KP230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, order Falconiformes). Falcovirus A1 has the longest 3D(RdRp) genome region and distant phylogenetic relationship to the Hepatitis A virus 1 (Hepatovirus) and Avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (Tremovirus). It has a type-I (enterovirus-like) IRES in the 5'UTR - identified for the first time among avian-borne picornaviruses suggesting that type-I IRES is not restricted only to enteroviruses and providing further evidence of mosaicism of this region among different picornavirus genera.
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kobuvirus in domestic sheep hungary
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, László EgyedAbstract:To the Editor: Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA. They are divided into 12 genera: Enterovirus, Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Erbovirus, Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Tremovirus, Avihepatovirus, and Kobuvirus. The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus (1) and Bovine kobuvirus (2), and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (3). The kobuvirus genome is ≈8.2–8.4 kb long and has the typical picornavirus genome organization of leader (L) protein following the structural (viral protein [VP] 0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A–2C and 3A–3D) regions (2,4). The genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi (strain A846/88), bovine (U-1), and porcine (S-1-HUN) viruses is between 35% (L protein) and 74% (3D region) (2,4). Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus were first detected in fecal samples from humans and cattle in Japan, in 1991 and 2003, respectively (1,2). Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 (3,4). Recent studies demonstrated that Aichi virus circulates in Asia (5), Europe (6,7) including Hungary (4), South America (6), and North Africa (8) and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, bovine and porcine kobuviruses are detected among these farm animals in Europe (4) and Asia (2,9). These data indicate that kobuviruses are widely distributed geographically and raise the possibility of additional animal host species. We detected kobuvirus in sheep. On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries) <3 weeks of age in a herd of 400 animals in central Hungary. At this farm, merino ewes from Hungary were mated with blackhead meat rams from Germany. At the time of sampling, no clinical signs of diarrhea were reported. Reverse transcription–PCR was performed by using generic kobuvirus screening primers (UNIV-kobu-R/F) reported previously (4). These primers were designed for Aichi virus (GenBank accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AB040749","term_id":"15186718","term_text":"AB040749"}}AB040749), bovine ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AB084788","term_id":"24817742","term_text":"AB084788"}}AB084788), and porcine kobuvirus ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU787450","term_id":"219524015","term_text":"EU787450"}}EU787450) sequences and amplify a 216-nt region of 3D (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region). The continuous 3D and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the kobuvirus genome in sheep were determined by using the 5′/3′ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) kit, 2nd generation (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and primers UNIV-kobu-F and S-1-F-7518/7540 (5′-CACTTCCATCATCAACACCATCA-3′ corresponding to nt 7518–7540 of bovine kobuvirus) (4). PCR products were sequenced directly in both directions by using the BigDye Reaction Kit (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) with the PCR primers and sequenced by an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Stafford, TX, USA). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using MEGA version 4.1 (www.megasoftware.net). The sequence for kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary was submitted to GenBank under accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693. Of the 8 sheep fecal samples, 5 (62.5%) were positive for kobuvirus. The partial 3D region (216 nt) was genetically identical for all 5 strains. The 3′ continuous nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D (688 nt) and 3′ UTR (174 nt) regions of strain kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary (TB3-HUN; {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693) was determined. TB3-HUN had 59%–66% (862) nt and 77%–84% aa identities to Aichi and porcine kobuviruses, respectively. Strain TB3-HUN had 89/97% nt/aa and 86% nt identities to bovine kobuvirus in the 3D/3′ UTR (862 nt) and 3′ UTR (174 nt) regions, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the overlapping partial 3D/3′ UTR nucleotide sequence of TB3-HUN from sheep and of reference bovine, porcine, and human kobuviruses confirmed that ovine kobuvirus strain TB3-HUN is related to bovine kobuviruses (Figure). Figure Phylogenetic analysis of kobuvirus in sheep (kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693) and kobuvirus lineages in humans, cattle, and swine, according ... The nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D/3′ UTR region of kobuvirus in sheep has high nucleotide identity to bovine kobuviruses and forms the same lineage (but a different sublineage) with the kobuvirus strains in cattle. This result raised the following questions: can a highly similar kobuvirus be present in (and pathogenic for) 2 animal species (cattle and sheep), or is this result a consequence of natural contamination? The concept of sheep as host is supported by the high prevalence of kobuvirus in young healthy sheep; by the sublineage position of the sheep strain on the phylogenetic tree according to the most conserved genetic region; and by the genetic relation between the 2 potential ruminant hosts, cattle and sheep. The existence of 1 pathogen in 2 host species (cattle and sheep) is well known, e.g., for bluetongue virus, adenoviruses, ovine herpesvirus type 2, and foot-and-mouth disease picornaviruses (10). Alternatively, the possibility of natural contamination cannot be excluded. The possibility of passive virus shedding in sheep exists because a cattle farm was located next to the tested sheep herd and would enable fecal–oral transmission of kobuvirus between these farm animals. Both possibilities (host and passive virus reservoir) are preliminary perceptions, regardless which is true. Further molecular and epidemiologic studies are required to determine the relevance, distribution, and diversity of kobuvirus or kobuviruses in sheep.
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Kobuvirus in domestic sheep, Hungary.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, László EgyedAbstract:To the Editor: Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA. They are divided into 12 genera: Enterovirus, Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Erbovirus, Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Tremovirus, Avihepatovirus, and Kobuvirus. The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus (1) and Bovine kobuvirus (2), and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (3). The kobuvirus genome is ≈8.2–8.4 kb long and has the typical picornavirus genome organization of leader (L) protein following the structural (viral protein [VP] 0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A–2C and 3A–3D) regions (2,4). The genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi (strain A846/88), bovine (U-1), and porcine (S-1-HUN) viruses is between 35% (L protein) and 74% (3D region) (2,4). Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus were first detected in fecal samples from humans and cattle in Japan, in 1991 and 2003, respectively (1,2). Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 (3,4). Recent studies demonstrated that Aichi virus circulates in Asia (5), Europe (6,7) including Hungary (4), South America (6), and North Africa (8) and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, bovine and porcine kobuviruses are detected among these farm animals in Europe (4) and Asia (2,9). These data indicate that kobuviruses are widely distributed geographically and raise the possibility of additional animal host species. We detected kobuvirus in sheep. On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries)
Peter Pankovics - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A diarrheic chicken simultaneously co-infected with multiple picornaviruses: Complete genome analysis of avian picornaviruses representing up to six genera.
Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Ádám Adonyi, Hajnalka Fenyvesi, J. Michael Day, Gabor ReuterAbstract:In this study all currently known chicken picornaviruses including a novel one (chicken phacovirus 1, KT880670) were identified by viral metagenomic and RT-PCR methods from a single specimen of a diarrheic chicken suffering from a total of eight picornavirus co-infections, in Hungary. The complete genomes of six picornaviruses were determined and their genomic and phylogenetic characteristics and UTR RNA structural models analyzed in details. Picornaviruses belonged to genera Sicinivirus (the first complete genome), Gallivirus, Tremovirus, Avisivirus and "Orivirus" (two potential genotypes). In addition, the unassigned phacoviruses were also detected in multiple samples of chickens in the USA. Multiple co-infections promote and facilitate the recombination and evolution of picornaviruses and eventually could contribute to the severity of the diarrhea in chicken, in one of the most important food sources of humans.
-
genome analysis of a novel highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel falco tinnunculus the first non enteroviral picornavirus with type i like ires
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Peter Simmonds, Edit Pollak, Robert Matics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order Falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. This study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as Falcovirus A1 (KP230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, order Falconiformes). Falcovirus A1 has the longest 3DRdRp genome region and distant phylogenetic relationship to the Hepatitis A virus 1 (Hepatovirus) and Avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (Tremovirus). It has a type-I (enterovirus-like) IRES in the 5′UTR – identified for the first time among avian-borne picornaviruses suggesting that type-I IRES is not restricted only to enteroviruses and providing further evidence of mosaicism of this region among different picornavirus genera.
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Genome analysis of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus): The first non-enteroviral picornavirus with type-I-like IRES
Infection genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Peter Simmonds, Edit Pollak, Robert Matics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order Falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. This study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as Falcovirus A1 (KP230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, order Falconiformes). Falcovirus A1 has the longest 3D(RdRp) genome region and distant phylogenetic relationship to the Hepatitis A virus 1 (Hepatovirus) and Avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (Tremovirus). It has a type-I (enterovirus-like) IRES in the 5'UTR - identified for the first time among avian-borne picornaviruses suggesting that type-I IRES is not restricted only to enteroviruses and providing further evidence of mosaicism of this region among different picornavirus genera.
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kobuvirus in domestic sheep hungary
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, László EgyedAbstract:To the Editor: Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA. They are divided into 12 genera: Enterovirus, Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Erbovirus, Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Tremovirus, Avihepatovirus, and Kobuvirus. The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus (1) and Bovine kobuvirus (2), and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (3). The kobuvirus genome is ≈8.2–8.4 kb long and has the typical picornavirus genome organization of leader (L) protein following the structural (viral protein [VP] 0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A–2C and 3A–3D) regions (2,4). The genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi (strain A846/88), bovine (U-1), and porcine (S-1-HUN) viruses is between 35% (L protein) and 74% (3D region) (2,4). Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus were first detected in fecal samples from humans and cattle in Japan, in 1991 and 2003, respectively (1,2). Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 (3,4). Recent studies demonstrated that Aichi virus circulates in Asia (5), Europe (6,7) including Hungary (4), South America (6), and North Africa (8) and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, bovine and porcine kobuviruses are detected among these farm animals in Europe (4) and Asia (2,9). These data indicate that kobuviruses are widely distributed geographically and raise the possibility of additional animal host species. We detected kobuvirus in sheep. On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries) <3 weeks of age in a herd of 400 animals in central Hungary. At this farm, merino ewes from Hungary were mated with blackhead meat rams from Germany. At the time of sampling, no clinical signs of diarrhea were reported. Reverse transcription–PCR was performed by using generic kobuvirus screening primers (UNIV-kobu-R/F) reported previously (4). These primers were designed for Aichi virus (GenBank accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AB040749","term_id":"15186718","term_text":"AB040749"}}AB040749), bovine ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AB084788","term_id":"24817742","term_text":"AB084788"}}AB084788), and porcine kobuvirus ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU787450","term_id":"219524015","term_text":"EU787450"}}EU787450) sequences and amplify a 216-nt region of 3D (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region). The continuous 3D and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the kobuvirus genome in sheep were determined by using the 5′/3′ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) kit, 2nd generation (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and primers UNIV-kobu-F and S-1-F-7518/7540 (5′-CACTTCCATCATCAACACCATCA-3′ corresponding to nt 7518–7540 of bovine kobuvirus) (4). PCR products were sequenced directly in both directions by using the BigDye Reaction Kit (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) with the PCR primers and sequenced by an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Stafford, TX, USA). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using MEGA version 4.1 (www.megasoftware.net). The sequence for kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary was submitted to GenBank under accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693. Of the 8 sheep fecal samples, 5 (62.5%) were positive for kobuvirus. The partial 3D region (216 nt) was genetically identical for all 5 strains. The 3′ continuous nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D (688 nt) and 3′ UTR (174 nt) regions of strain kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary (TB3-HUN; {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693) was determined. TB3-HUN had 59%–66% (862) nt and 77%–84% aa identities to Aichi and porcine kobuviruses, respectively. Strain TB3-HUN had 89/97% nt/aa and 86% nt identities to bovine kobuvirus in the 3D/3′ UTR (862 nt) and 3′ UTR (174 nt) regions, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the overlapping partial 3D/3′ UTR nucleotide sequence of TB3-HUN from sheep and of reference bovine, porcine, and human kobuviruses confirmed that ovine kobuvirus strain TB3-HUN is related to bovine kobuviruses (Figure). Figure Phylogenetic analysis of kobuvirus in sheep (kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693) and kobuvirus lineages in humans, cattle, and swine, according ... The nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D/3′ UTR region of kobuvirus in sheep has high nucleotide identity to bovine kobuviruses and forms the same lineage (but a different sublineage) with the kobuvirus strains in cattle. This result raised the following questions: can a highly similar kobuvirus be present in (and pathogenic for) 2 animal species (cattle and sheep), or is this result a consequence of natural contamination? The concept of sheep as host is supported by the high prevalence of kobuvirus in young healthy sheep; by the sublineage position of the sheep strain on the phylogenetic tree according to the most conserved genetic region; and by the genetic relation between the 2 potential ruminant hosts, cattle and sheep. The existence of 1 pathogen in 2 host species (cattle and sheep) is well known, e.g., for bluetongue virus, adenoviruses, ovine herpesvirus type 2, and foot-and-mouth disease picornaviruses (10). Alternatively, the possibility of natural contamination cannot be excluded. The possibility of passive virus shedding in sheep exists because a cattle farm was located next to the tested sheep herd and would enable fecal–oral transmission of kobuvirus between these farm animals. Both possibilities (host and passive virus reservoir) are preliminary perceptions, regardless which is true. Further molecular and epidemiologic studies are required to determine the relevance, distribution, and diversity of kobuvirus or kobuviruses in sheep.
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Kobuvirus in domestic sheep, Hungary.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, László EgyedAbstract:To the Editor: Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA. They are divided into 12 genera: Enterovirus, Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Erbovirus, Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Tremovirus, Avihepatovirus, and Kobuvirus. The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus (1) and Bovine kobuvirus (2), and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (3). The kobuvirus genome is ≈8.2–8.4 kb long and has the typical picornavirus genome organization of leader (L) protein following the structural (viral protein [VP] 0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A–2C and 3A–3D) regions (2,4). The genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi (strain A846/88), bovine (U-1), and porcine (S-1-HUN) viruses is between 35% (L protein) and 74% (3D region) (2,4). Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus were first detected in fecal samples from humans and cattle in Japan, in 1991 and 2003, respectively (1,2). Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 (3,4). Recent studies demonstrated that Aichi virus circulates in Asia (5), Europe (6,7) including Hungary (4), South America (6), and North Africa (8) and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, bovine and porcine kobuviruses are detected among these farm animals in Europe (4) and Asia (2,9). These data indicate that kobuviruses are widely distributed geographically and raise the possibility of additional animal host species. We detected kobuvirus in sheep. On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries)
Eric Delwart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A diarrheic chicken simultaneously co-infected with multiple picornaviruses: Complete genome analysis of avian picornaviruses representing up to six genera.
Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Ádám Adonyi, Hajnalka Fenyvesi, J. Michael Day, Gabor ReuterAbstract:In this study all currently known chicken picornaviruses including a novel one (chicken phacovirus 1, KT880670) were identified by viral metagenomic and RT-PCR methods from a single specimen of a diarrheic chicken suffering from a total of eight picornavirus co-infections, in Hungary. The complete genomes of six picornaviruses were determined and their genomic and phylogenetic characteristics and UTR RNA structural models analyzed in details. Picornaviruses belonged to genera Sicinivirus (the first complete genome), Gallivirus, Tremovirus, Avisivirus and "Orivirus" (two potential genotypes). In addition, the unassigned phacoviruses were also detected in multiple samples of chickens in the USA. Multiple co-infections promote and facilitate the recombination and evolution of picornaviruses and eventually could contribute to the severity of the diarrhea in chicken, in one of the most important food sources of humans.
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genome analysis of a novel highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel falco tinnunculus the first non enteroviral picornavirus with type i like ires
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Peter Simmonds, Edit Pollak, Robert Matics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order Falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. This study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as Falcovirus A1 (KP230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, order Falconiformes). Falcovirus A1 has the longest 3DRdRp genome region and distant phylogenetic relationship to the Hepatitis A virus 1 (Hepatovirus) and Avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (Tremovirus). It has a type-I (enterovirus-like) IRES in the 5′UTR – identified for the first time among avian-borne picornaviruses suggesting that type-I IRES is not restricted only to enteroviruses and providing further evidence of mosaicism of this region among different picornavirus genera.
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Genome analysis of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus): The first non-enteroviral picornavirus with type-I-like IRES
Infection genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Peter Simmonds, Edit Pollak, Robert Matics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order Falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. This study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as Falcovirus A1 (KP230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, order Falconiformes). Falcovirus A1 has the longest 3D(RdRp) genome region and distant phylogenetic relationship to the Hepatitis A virus 1 (Hepatovirus) and Avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (Tremovirus). It has a type-I (enterovirus-like) IRES in the 5'UTR - identified for the first time among avian-borne picornaviruses suggesting that type-I IRES is not restricted only to enteroviruses and providing further evidence of mosaicism of this region among different picornavirus genera.
Tung Gia Phan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A diarrheic chicken simultaneously co-infected with multiple picornaviruses: Complete genome analysis of avian picornaviruses representing up to six genera.
Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Ádám Adonyi, Hajnalka Fenyvesi, J. Michael Day, Gabor ReuterAbstract:In this study all currently known chicken picornaviruses including a novel one (chicken phacovirus 1, KT880670) were identified by viral metagenomic and RT-PCR methods from a single specimen of a diarrheic chicken suffering from a total of eight picornavirus co-infections, in Hungary. The complete genomes of six picornaviruses were determined and their genomic and phylogenetic characteristics and UTR RNA structural models analyzed in details. Picornaviruses belonged to genera Sicinivirus (the first complete genome), Gallivirus, Tremovirus, Avisivirus and "Orivirus" (two potential genotypes). In addition, the unassigned phacoviruses were also detected in multiple samples of chickens in the USA. Multiple co-infections promote and facilitate the recombination and evolution of picornaviruses and eventually could contribute to the severity of the diarrhea in chicken, in one of the most important food sources of humans.
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genome analysis of a novel highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel falco tinnunculus the first non enteroviral picornavirus with type i like ires
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Peter Simmonds, Edit Pollak, Robert Matics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order Falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. This study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as Falcovirus A1 (KP230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, order Falconiformes). Falcovirus A1 has the longest 3DRdRp genome region and distant phylogenetic relationship to the Hepatitis A virus 1 (Hepatovirus) and Avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (Tremovirus). It has a type-I (enterovirus-like) IRES in the 5′UTR – identified for the first time among avian-borne picornaviruses suggesting that type-I IRES is not restricted only to enteroviruses and providing further evidence of mosaicism of this region among different picornavirus genera.
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Genome analysis of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus): The first non-enteroviral picornavirus with type-I-like IRES
Infection genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Peter Simmonds, Edit Pollak, Robert Matics, Tung Gia Phan, Eric Delwart, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order Falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. This study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as Falcovirus A1 (KP230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, order Falconiformes). Falcovirus A1 has the longest 3D(RdRp) genome region and distant phylogenetic relationship to the Hepatitis A virus 1 (Hepatovirus) and Avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (Tremovirus). It has a type-I (enterovirus-like) IRES in the 5'UTR - identified for the first time among avian-borne picornaviruses suggesting that type-I IRES is not restricted only to enteroviruses and providing further evidence of mosaicism of this region among different picornavirus genera.
