The Experts below are selected from a list of 1575 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Julian Mcclements - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stability of citral in oil-in-water emulsions prepared with medium-chain triacylglycerols and Triacetin.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Seung Jun Choi, Eric A. Decker, Lulu Henson, L. Michael Popplewell, David Julian McclementsAbstract:Citral is widely used in the beverage, food, and fragrance industries for its characteristic flavor profile. However, it chemically degrades over time in aqueous solutions due to an acid-catalyzed reaction, which leads to loss of desirable flavor notes and formation of off-flavor notes. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of organic phase composition [Triacetin and medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT)] on the oil-water partitioning and chemical degradation of citral in oil-in-water emulsions. MCT was present as emulsion droplets (d approximately 900 nm), whereas Triacetin was present as microemulsion droplets (d approximately 10 nm). In the absence of organic phase, the rate of citral degradation increased as the aqueous phase pH was reduced from 7 to 3. The percentage of citral within the aqueous phase increased with increasing Triacetin concentration at both pH 3 and 7, which was attributed to a reduction in MCT droplet concentration. There was no significant change in the particle size distribution of the emulsions during storage, independent of Triacetin concentration and pH, which indicated that they were physically stable. Both 5 wt % MCT as emulsion droplets and 5 wt % Triacetin as microemulsion droplets were able to appreciably slow citral degradation at pH 3. These results may have important implications for understanding and improving the chemical stability of citral in beverage emulsions.
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stability of citral in oil in water emulsions prepared with medium chain triacylglycerols and Triacetin
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Seung Jun Choi, Eric A. Decker, Lulu Henson, Michael L Popplewell, David Julian McclementsAbstract:Citral is widely used in the beverage, food, and fragrance industries for its characteristic flavor profile. However, it chemically degrades over time in aqueous solutions due to an acid-catalyzed reaction, which leads to loss of desirable flavor notes and formation of off-flavor notes. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of organic phase composition [Triacetin and medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT)] on the oil−water partitioning and chemical degradation of citral in oil-in-water emulsions. MCT was present as emulsion droplets (d ≈ 900 nm), whereas Triacetin was present as microemulsion droplets (d ≈ 10 nm). In the absence of organic phase, the rate of citral degradation increased as the aqueous phase pH was reduced from 7 to 3. The percentage of citral within the aqueous phase increased with increasing Triacetin concentration at both pH 3 and 7, which was attributed to a reduction in MCT droplet concentration. There was no significant change in the particle size distribution of the ...
Ian A Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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primary human bronchial epithelial cell responses to diesel and biodiesel emissions at an air liquid interface
Toxicology in Vitro, 2019Co-Authors: Annalicia Vaughan, Svetlana Stevanovic, Mohammad Jafari, Rayleen V Bowman, Kwun M Fong, Zoran Ristovski, Ian A YangAbstract:Introduction Diesel emissions have a high level of particulate matter which can cause inflammation and oxidative stress in the airways. A strategy to reduce diesel particulate matter and the associated adverse effects is the use of biodiesels and fuel additives. However, very little is known about the biological effects of these alternative emissions. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of biodiesel and Triacetin/biodiesel emissions on primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBECs) compared to diesel emissions. Methods pHBECs were exposed to diesel, biodiesel (20%, 50% and 100% biodiesel derived from coconut oil) and Triacetin/biodiesel (4% and 10% Triacetin) emissions for 30 min at air-liquid interface. Cell viability (cellular metabolism, cell death, CASP3 mRNA expression and BCL2 mRNA expression), inflammation (IL-8 and IL-6 secretion), antioxidant production (HO-1 mRNA expression) and xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1a1 mRNA expression) were measured. Results Biodiesel emissions (B50) reduced cell viability, and increased oxidative stress. Triacetin/biodiesel emissions (B90) decreased cell viability and increased antioxidant production, inflammation and xenobiotic metabolism. Biodiesel emissions (B100) reduced cell viability, and increased IL-8 secretion and xenobiotic metabolism. Conclusions Biodiesel substitution in diesel fuel and Triacetin substitution in biodiesel can increase the adverse effects of diesel emissions of pHBECs. Further studies of the effect of these diesel fuel alternatives on pHBECs are required.
B Appa V Rao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heat release rate calculations and vibration analysis of di diesel engine operating with coconut oil methyl ester Triacetin additive blends
Social Science Research Network, 2012Co-Authors: Venkateswara P Rao, B Appa V RaoAbstract:Single zone heat release rate calculations within the cylinder and heat transfer were done using combustion pressure as an input and a comparative study was taken up with neat diesel and coconut biodiesel with Triacetin (cetane improver) additive blends. Combustion delay period was assessed by the close scrutiny of combustion pressure signatures and its behavior was assessed with net heat release rate and cumulative heat release rate plots at various loads on the engine with different blend fuels. The present work deals with trials of Coconut Oil Methyl Ester (COME) and Triacetin (T) additive blends. Various blends of COME with additive at different percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) by volume were prepared and tested in full range of engine load. The results showed that 10% of additive with COME could be a better fuel in terms of combustion pressure changes and heat release rate. Further, the blend can be used in any existing CI engines without engine modification and fuel preheating. Mixing Triacetin additive with biodiesel improves the cold flow, combustion efficiency and viscosity and reduces the engine detonation. Combustion analysis was also taken up with real vibration time waves recorded vertical on the cylinder head. Time waves recorded vertical on the engine cylinder were the true representatives of combustion propensity with different fuel combinations.
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effect of adding Triacetin additive with coconut oil methyl ester come in performance and emission characteristics of di diesel engine
2011Co-Authors: Venkateswara P Rao, B Appa V RaoAbstract:With the usage of diesel fuel and neat bio-diesel to some extent knocking can be detected in all the engines. Triacetin [C9H14O6] is a good anti-knocking additive and easily soluble in biodiesel. The usage of T- additive suppressed knocking, improved the performance and reduced tail pipe emissions. Comparative study was conducted using petrodiesel, bio-diesel, and with various additive blends of bio-diesel on DI- diesel engine. Coconut oil methyl ester (COME) is used with Triacetin (T) at various percentages by volume for all loads (No load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load). The performance of engine is compared with neat diesel in respect of engine efficiency, exhaust emissions and combustion knock. Of the five Triacetin-biodiesel blends tried, 10% Triacetin combination with biodiesel proved encouraging in the performance of engine in all aspects.
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performance emission and cylinder vibration studies of di diesel engine with come Triacetin additive blends
2011Co-Authors: Venkateswara P Rao, B Appa V RaoAbstract:Triacetin [C9H14O6]is the anti-knocking additive used along with the bio-diesel in DI- diesel engine. Knocking to some extent can be detected with the usage of diesel fuel and neat bio-diesel. The usage of T- additive suppressed knocking, improved the performance and reduced tail pipe emissions. Comparative study is conducted using petro-diesel, biodiesel, and with various additive blends of bio-diesel on DI- diesel engine. Coconut oil methyl ester (COME) is used with additive Triacetin (T) at various percentages by volume for all loads (No load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load). The performance of engine is compared with neat diesel in respect of engine efficiency, exhaust emissions and combustion knock. Of the five Triacetin- biodiesel blends tried, 10% Triacetin combination with biodiesel proved encouraging in all respects of performance of the engine.
Kok Tat Tan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent development and economic analysis of glycerol free processes via supercritical fluid transesterification for biodiesel production
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Gaik Tin Ang, Kok Tat Tan, Keat Teong LeeAbstract:In this review, recent development of glycerol-free supercritical fluid transesterification for biodiesel production was discussed. Glycerol-free supercritical fluid processes including single-step and two-step transesterification for biodiesel production were reviewed and subsequently the advantages and limitations were highlighted. Value-added by-product from glycerol-free production such as Triacetin is more profitable compared with glycerol produced in conventional biodiesel production. Furthermore, the quality of biodiesel could be enhanced with the presence of Triacetin, which is co-produced in supercritical methyl acetate transesterification reaction. However, there are concerns regarding the huge energy required to conduct supercritical reaction at elevated temperature and pressure. Hence, economic consideration in terms of equipment needed and profit margin were discussed in order to study the profitability of glycerol-free supercritical biodiesel production in the industry. Results showed that glycerol-free supercritical dimethyl carbonate process has the highest profit margin, indicating that it is economically competitive and could provide larger revenue to biodiesel producers.
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a glycerol free process to produce biodiesel by supercritical methyl acetate technology an optimization study via response surface methodology
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Kok Tat Tan, Keat Teong Lee, Abdul Rahman MohamedAbstract:In this study, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) have been successfully produced from transesterification reaction between triglycerides and methyl acetate, instead of alcohol. In this non-catalytic supercritical methyl acetate (SCMA) technology, Triacetin which is a valuable biodiesel additive is produced as side product rather than glycerol, which has lower commercial value. Besides, the properties of the biodiesel (FAME and Triacetin) were found to be superior compared to those produced from conventional catalytic reactions (FAME only). In this study, the effects of various important parameters on the yield of biodiesel were optimized by utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis. The mathematical model developed was found to be adequate and statistically accurate to predict the optimum yield of biodiesel. The optimum conditions were found to be 399 degrees C for reaction temperature, 30 mol/mol of methyl acetate to oil molar ratio and reaction time of 59 min to achieve 97.6% biodiesel yield.
Keat Teong Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent development and economic analysis of glycerol free processes via supercritical fluid transesterification for biodiesel production
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Gaik Tin Ang, Kok Tat Tan, Keat Teong LeeAbstract:In this review, recent development of glycerol-free supercritical fluid transesterification for biodiesel production was discussed. Glycerol-free supercritical fluid processes including single-step and two-step transesterification for biodiesel production were reviewed and subsequently the advantages and limitations were highlighted. Value-added by-product from glycerol-free production such as Triacetin is more profitable compared with glycerol produced in conventional biodiesel production. Furthermore, the quality of biodiesel could be enhanced with the presence of Triacetin, which is co-produced in supercritical methyl acetate transesterification reaction. However, there are concerns regarding the huge energy required to conduct supercritical reaction at elevated temperature and pressure. Hence, economic consideration in terms of equipment needed and profit margin were discussed in order to study the profitability of glycerol-free supercritical biodiesel production in the industry. Results showed that glycerol-free supercritical dimethyl carbonate process has the highest profit margin, indicating that it is economically competitive and could provide larger revenue to biodiesel producers.
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a glycerol free process to produce biodiesel by supercritical methyl acetate technology an optimization study via response surface methodology
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Kok Tat Tan, Keat Teong Lee, Abdul Rahman MohamedAbstract:In this study, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) have been successfully produced from transesterification reaction between triglycerides and methyl acetate, instead of alcohol. In this non-catalytic supercritical methyl acetate (SCMA) technology, Triacetin which is a valuable biodiesel additive is produced as side product rather than glycerol, which has lower commercial value. Besides, the properties of the biodiesel (FAME and Triacetin) were found to be superior compared to those produced from conventional catalytic reactions (FAME only). In this study, the effects of various important parameters on the yield of biodiesel were optimized by utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis. The mathematical model developed was found to be adequate and statistically accurate to predict the optimum yield of biodiesel. The optimum conditions were found to be 399 degrees C for reaction temperature, 30 mol/mol of methyl acetate to oil molar ratio and reaction time of 59 min to achieve 97.6% biodiesel yield.
