Triatoma Brasiliensis

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Jane Costa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Triatoma Brasiliensis species complex characterization of the external female genitalia
    Journal of Vector Ecology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jader De Oliveira, Jane Costa, Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, Vagner Jose Mendonca, Joao Aristeu Da Rosa
    Abstract:

    The Triatoma Brasiliensis complex is composed of six species (Triatoma bahiensis, T. juazerensis, T. lenti, T. melanica, T. petrocchiae, and T. sherlocki) and two subspecies (T. Brasiliensis Brasiliensis and T. b. macromelasoma). Phylogenetic studies have shown that it is a monophyletic group, but the morphological relationships among the members can be better understood. We applied a tool of high resolution based on morphology to identify details that characterize the female genitals for each member of this group. The external genital structures of five to fifteen females of each taxon were analyzed. Insects had their abdomen transversely cut to separate the last abdominal segments, and representative illustrations obtained via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are shown. Observations were performed in the dorsal and the ventral views. The morphological characterization of female external genitalia allowed a differentiation of each species/subspecies. The subspecies T. b. Brasiliensis and T. b. macromelasoma were the most similar. On the other hand, dorsal view of structures evidenced some unique characteristics for T. petrocchiae and T. sherlocki. Regarding these structures for T. petrocchiae, the differentiation was in accordance with molecular studies, since this species exhibits the highest genetic distances in relation to other species of T. Brasiliensis complex.

  • molecular eco epidemiology on the sympatric chagas disease vectors Triatoma Brasiliensis and Triatoma petrocchiae ecotopes genetic variation natural infection prevalence by trypanosomatids and parasite genotyping
    Acta Tropica, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tarcianne M Limaoliveira, Jane Costa, Myriam Harry, Mauricio Lilioso, Fernanda Von Hertwig Mascarenhas Fontes, Dayane Piressilva, Marta M G Teixeira, Jose Gabriel Vergara Meza, Jonathan Filee, Carolina Valencabarbosa
    Abstract:

    Abstract Triatoma petrocchiae is the newly member of the Triatoma Brasiliensis species complex. This species overlaps with T. Brasiliensis in geographic and ecotypic occupation in the sylvatic habitat because both inhabit rocky outcrops in the semi-arid portion of Brazilian northeast. In this region T. Brasiliensis is the most important Chagas disease vector because it constantly colonizes domiciles. In contrast, T. petrocchiae is rarely found in peri or intradomiciliary habitats – reason why little is known about this species. Therefore, Here, we present information for the first time on. the T. petrocchiae ecotopes, genetic diversity, Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence/genotyping in comparison to T. Brasiliensis. We found T. brasilensis (N = 223) and T. petrocchiae (N = 69) in co-habitation in rocky outcrops in three Districts of Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte states. Forty-tree T. petrocchiae insects of eleven sampling spots (composing three geographic populations) were genotyped for the mitochondrial Cyt B gene and little geographic structure was observed. Tajima's D test suggested that species is evolving toward a mutation-drift equilibrium in our collection range. Sylvatic T. petrocchiae had 4% (3/68) of infected insects by T. cruzi, whereas T. Brasiliensis had 26% (59/223). Fluorescent Fragment Length Barcoding demonstrated that all three T. petrocchiae harbored TcI whereas T. Brasiliensis had TcI, but also TcIII, TcII/TcVI and T. rangeli genotype A, sometimes under mixed infections. None of infected T. petrocchiae were carrying mixed infections. However, this result should be confirmed using a larger pool of infected bugs. We here presented the first documentation of T. rangeli infecting T. Brasiliensis. The finding of infected T. petrocchiae calls for constant vector monitoring because the epidemiologic scenario is dynamic and sylvatic vectors are progressively found in adaptation to anthropic environments.

  • high Triatoma Brasiliensis densities and trypanosoma cruzi prevalence in domestic and peridomestic habitats in the state of rio grande do norte brazil the source for chagas disease outbreaks
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2017
    Co-Authors: Mauricio Lilioso, Jane Costa, Myriam Harry, Elaine Follyramos, Paula L Marcet, Fabiana Lopes Rocha, Jorge E Rabinovich, Claire Capdevielledulac, Carlos Eduardo Almeida
    Abstract:

    A total of 2,431 Triatoma Brasiliensis were collected from 39 populations of Paraiba (PB) and Rio Grande do Norte (RN) states, Brazil. In PB, Trypanosoma cruzi infection was not detected in either peridomestic or domestic vector populations. In contrast, in RN, T. Brasiliensis was detected with high parasite prevalence in these ecotopes (30.7–40.0%). Moreover, peridomicile insect population densities were more than double the average densities of all other settings evaluated (19.17 versus < 8.94 triatomine/man-hour). Genotyped parasites evidenced a mix of T. cruzi lineages circulating in both peridomestic and sylvatic populations. Although vector control efforts have dramatically decreased Chagas disease transmission to humans, recent outbreaks have been detected in four municipalities of RN state. Our results clearly evidence a worrisome proximity between infected vectors and humans in RN. Indeed, finding of infected T. Brasiliensis inside homes is routinely recorded by local vector control surveillance staff around the outbreak area, challenging the current and conventional view that vector transmissions are controlled in northeastern Brazil. This scenario calls for strengthening vector control surveillance and interventions to prevent further Chagas transmission, especially in RN State.

  • under expression of chemosensory genes in domiciliary bugs of the chagas disease vector Triatoma Brasiliensis
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jane Costa, Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Axelle Marchant, Florence Mougel, Emmanuelle Jacquinjoly, Myriam Harry
    Abstract:

    In Latin America, the bloodsucking bugs Triatominae are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Chemical elimination programs have been launched to control Chagas disease vectors. However, the disease persists because native vectors from sylvatic habitats are able to (re)colonize houses-a process called domiciliation. Triatoma Brasiliensis is one example. Because the chemosensory system allows insects to interact with their environment and plays a key role in insect adaption, we conducted a descriptive and comparative study of the chemosensory transcriptome of T. Brasiliensis samples from different ecotopes.

  • vector capacity of members of Triatoma Brasiliensis species complex the need to extend chagas disease surveillance to Triatoma melanica
    Journal of Vector Ecology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Elaine Follyramos, Jane Costa, Teresa Cristina Monte Goncalves, L. Lynnette Dornak, Guilherme Orsolon, Mauricio Lilioso, Carlos Eduardo Almeida
    Abstract:

    We conducted a lab-based comparative study on vector capacity features of two species of triatomines: Triatoma Brasiliensis and T. melanica. Both are members of the T. Brasiliensis species complex. The former is the most important Chagas disease vector in the northeastern region of Brazil. To date, no transmission via T. melanica has been recorded. Immature insects exhibited distinct intermoult periods without a direct relationship to a given species. Females of T. Brasiliensis consumed an average of 1.9 times more meals (mean = 12.92 vs 6.63) and survived for a shorter period (mean =330.8 days) than T. melanica (mean = 365.2 days), probably due to the cost of reproduction (all significant at P 39%) of insects defecated rapidly (<30 s) after feeding. Overall, results highlight the need to extend vector surveillance to T. melanica.

Carlos Eduardo Almeida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Triatoma Brasiliensis species complex characterization of the external female genitalia
    Journal of Vector Ecology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jader De Oliveira, Jane Costa, Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, Vagner Jose Mendonca, Joao Aristeu Da Rosa
    Abstract:

    The Triatoma Brasiliensis complex is composed of six species (Triatoma bahiensis, T. juazerensis, T. lenti, T. melanica, T. petrocchiae, and T. sherlocki) and two subspecies (T. Brasiliensis Brasiliensis and T. b. macromelasoma). Phylogenetic studies have shown that it is a monophyletic group, but the morphological relationships among the members can be better understood. We applied a tool of high resolution based on morphology to identify details that characterize the female genitals for each member of this group. The external genital structures of five to fifteen females of each taxon were analyzed. Insects had their abdomen transversely cut to separate the last abdominal segments, and representative illustrations obtained via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are shown. Observations were performed in the dorsal and the ventral views. The morphological characterization of female external genitalia allowed a differentiation of each species/subspecies. The subspecies T. b. Brasiliensis and T. b. macromelasoma were the most similar. On the other hand, dorsal view of structures evidenced some unique characteristics for T. petrocchiae and T. sherlocki. Regarding these structures for T. petrocchiae, the differentiation was in accordance with molecular studies, since this species exhibits the highest genetic distances in relation to other species of T. Brasiliensis complex.

  • high Triatoma Brasiliensis densities and trypanosoma cruzi prevalence in domestic and peridomestic habitats in the state of rio grande do norte brazil the source for chagas disease outbreaks
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2017
    Co-Authors: Mauricio Lilioso, Jane Costa, Myriam Harry, Elaine Follyramos, Paula L Marcet, Fabiana Lopes Rocha, Jorge E Rabinovich, Claire Capdevielledulac, Carlos Eduardo Almeida
    Abstract:

    A total of 2,431 Triatoma Brasiliensis were collected from 39 populations of Paraiba (PB) and Rio Grande do Norte (RN) states, Brazil. In PB, Trypanosoma cruzi infection was not detected in either peridomestic or domestic vector populations. In contrast, in RN, T. Brasiliensis was detected with high parasite prevalence in these ecotopes (30.7–40.0%). Moreover, peridomicile insect population densities were more than double the average densities of all other settings evaluated (19.17 versus < 8.94 triatomine/man-hour). Genotyped parasites evidenced a mix of T. cruzi lineages circulating in both peridomestic and sylvatic populations. Although vector control efforts have dramatically decreased Chagas disease transmission to humans, recent outbreaks have been detected in four municipalities of RN state. Our results clearly evidence a worrisome proximity between infected vectors and humans in RN. Indeed, finding of infected T. Brasiliensis inside homes is routinely recorded by local vector control surveillance staff around the outbreak area, challenging the current and conventional view that vector transmissions are controlled in northeastern Brazil. This scenario calls for strengthening vector control surveillance and interventions to prevent further Chagas transmission, especially in RN State.

  • under expression of chemosensory genes in domiciliary bugs of the chagas disease vector Triatoma Brasiliensis
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jane Costa, Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Axelle Marchant, Florence Mougel, Emmanuelle Jacquinjoly, Myriam Harry
    Abstract:

    In Latin America, the bloodsucking bugs Triatominae are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Chemical elimination programs have been launched to control Chagas disease vectors. However, the disease persists because native vectors from sylvatic habitats are able to (re)colonize houses-a process called domiciliation. Triatoma Brasiliensis is one example. Because the chemosensory system allows insects to interact with their environment and plays a key role in insect adaption, we conducted a descriptive and comparative study of the chemosensory transcriptome of T. Brasiliensis samples from different ecotopes.

  • vector capacity of members of Triatoma Brasiliensis species complex the need to extend chagas disease surveillance to Triatoma melanica
    Journal of Vector Ecology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Elaine Follyramos, Jane Costa, Teresa Cristina Monte Goncalves, L. Lynnette Dornak, Guilherme Orsolon, Mauricio Lilioso, Carlos Eduardo Almeida
    Abstract:

    We conducted a lab-based comparative study on vector capacity features of two species of triatomines: Triatoma Brasiliensis and T. melanica. Both are members of the T. Brasiliensis species complex. The former is the most important Chagas disease vector in the northeastern region of Brazil. To date, no transmission via T. melanica has been recorded. Immature insects exhibited distinct intermoult periods without a direct relationship to a given species. Females of T. Brasiliensis consumed an average of 1.9 times more meals (mean = 12.92 vs 6.63) and survived for a shorter period (mean =330.8 days) than T. melanica (mean = 365.2 days), probably due to the cost of reproduction (all significant at P 39%) of insects defecated rapidly (<30 s) after feeding. Overall, results highlight the need to extend vector surveillance to T. melanica.

  • Vector capacity of members of Triatoma Brasiliensis species complex: The need to extend Chagas disease surveillance to Triatoma melanica.
    Journal of Vector Ecology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Elaine Folly-ramos, Jane Costa, Teresa Cristina Monte Goncalves, L. Lynnette Dornak, Guilherme Orsolon, Mauricio Lilioso, Carlos Eduardo Almeida
    Abstract:

    We conducted a lab-based comparative study on vector capacity features of two species of triatomines: Triatoma Brasiliensis and T. melanica. Both are members of the T. Brasiliensis species complex. The former is the most important Chagas disease vector in the northeastern region of Brazil. To date, no transmission via T. melanica has been recorded. Immature insects exhibited distinct intermoult periods without a direct relationship to a given species. Females of T. Brasiliensis consumed an average of 1.9 times more meals (mean = 12.92 vs 6.63) and survived for a shorter period (mean =330.8 days) than T. melanica (mean = 365.2 days), probably due to the cost of reproduction (all significant at P 39%) of insects defecated rapidly (

Lileia Diotaiuti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Microclimatic properties of the Triatoma Brasiliensis habitat
    Cadernos de saude publica, 2020
    Co-Authors: M G Lorenzo, Lileia Diotaiuti, Alessandra A Guarneri, H H Pires, Claudio R Lazzari
    Abstract:

    Vector-borne transmission of Chagas disease in Northeast Brazil is basically by Triatoma Brasiliensis. It is thus crucial to determine this species' microclimatic preferences as limiting factors for its distribution and ability to infest domestic environments. We analyze the microclimatic properties of the shelters in which these insects are found in wild, domestic, and peridomiciliary environments in the State of Ceará, at Brazil. We measure temperature and relative humidity (RH) every 15 minutes for 3 days. Thermal variation was greatly dampened inside both domiciliary refuges and the more protected internal places in wild stony sites. For RH, we observed a similar dampening pattern, but mean RH was lower in both domiciliary refuges and wild ones inside stony sites as compared to reference levels in the surrounding environment. The results are discussed with regard to this species' microclimatic preferences in the laboratory and its potential as determinants of its geographical distribution.

  • Triatoma Brasiliensis neiva 1911 food sources and diversity of trypanosoma cruzi in wild and artificial environments of the semiarid region of ceara northeastern brazil
    Parasites & Vectors, 2018
    Co-Authors: Claudia Mendonca Bezerra, Rita De Cassia Moreira De Souza, Silvia Ermelinda Barbosa, Carla Patricia Barezani, Ricardo E Gurtler, Alberto Novaes Ramos, Lileia Diotaiuti
    Abstract:

    Knowledge of triatomine food sources in different ecotopes enables the estimation of T. cruzi transmission risk in diverse environments, as well as its dynamics of dispersion and ecological niche. For Triatoma Brasiliensis in the Caatinga, in the northeast of Brazil, seasonal differences influence feeding eclecticism and rates of T. cruzi infection. The objective of the present study was to monitor food sources and to characterize the populations of T. cruzi associated with T. Brasiliensis in wild and domestic environments in the Caatinga of northeast Brazil. A cross-sectional study based on a search for triatomines in wild and domestic environments, was undertaken at five different time periods from 2009 to 2015. Insects from 2015 were used for identification of food sources. Two universal primers, based on the conserved regions of the 12S rRNA locus, were used to amplify fragments of 215 bp. The content of the intestinal tract of triatomines was identified by a comparison between the sequences obtained and those deposited in the GenBank database, using BLAST. In triatomines with parasitological diagnosis of infection by trypanosomatids, xenoculture was performed for the isolation and characterization of strains, using cox2, the amplification of the SL-IL mini-exon intergenic spacer and the polymorphism of the D7 divergent domain of the gene 24αrDNA-LSU. Food sources were identified in 76.3% (213/279) T. Brasiliensis specimens sampled in 2015. The most frequent sources in a total of 20 vertebrate species were: rodents (58%, 123/213), ruminants (30%, 64/213) and cats (6%, 12/213). A total of 49% (44/89) of the samples of T. cruzi isolated in the period from 2009 to 2015 were characterized: TcII (43%, 19/44), TcI (41%, 18/44) and TcIII (16%, 7/44). The feeding eclecticism of T. Brasiliensis shows its importance in maintaining the transmission dynamics of T. cruzi, with evidence of intense circulation between anthropic and wild environments. Attention should be placed on the association among T. Brasiliensis, rodents and ruminants, in addition to the presence of TcIII in the study region.

  • thermal preferences and limits of Triatoma Brasiliensis in its natural environment field observations while host searching
    Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2015
    Co-Authors: Silvia Catala, Claudia Mendonca Bezerra, Lileia Diotaiuti
    Abstract:

    The goal of this work was to explore the thermal relationship between foraging Triatoma Brasiliensis and its natural habitat during the hottest season in the state of Ceara, Brazil. The thermal profiles were determined using infrared analysis. Although the daily temperature of rock surfaces varied in a wide range, T. Brasiliensisselected to walk through areas with temperatures between 31.7-40.5oC. The temperature of T. Brasiliensisbody surface ranged from 32.8-34.4oC, being higher in legs than the abdomen. A strong relationship was found between the temperature of the insect and the temperature of rock crevices where they were hidden (r: 0.96, p < 0.05). The species was active at full sunlight being a clear example of how the light-dark rhythm may be altered, even under predation risk. Our results strongly suggest a thermal borderline for T. Brasiliensisforaging activity near 40oC. The simultaneous determination of insect body and rock temperatures here presented are the only obtained in natural habitats for this or other triatomines.

  • Does Triatoma Brasiliensis occupy the same environmental niche space as Triatoma melanica?
    Parasites & Vectors, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rita De Cássia Moreira De Souza, Lileia Diotaiuti, Claudia Mendonca Bezerra, Gabriel H Campolina-silva, David E Gorla
    Abstract:

    Background Triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi , the causative agent of Chagas disease, one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Latin America. This study compares the environmental niche spaces of Triatoma Brasiliensis and Triatoma melanica using ecological niche modelling and reports findings on DNA barcoding and wing geometric morphometrics as tools for the identification of these species. Methods We compared the geographic distribution of the species using generalized linear models fitted to elevation and current data on land surface temperature, vegetation cover and rainfall recorded by earth observation satellites for northeastern Brazil. Additionally, we evaluated nucleotide sequence data from the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) and wing geometric morphometrics as taxonomic identification tools for T. Brasiliensis and T. melanica . Results The ecological niche models show that the environmental spaces currently occupied by T. Brasiliensis and T. melanica are similar although not equivalent, and associated with the caatinga ecosystem. The CO1 sequence analyses based on pair wise genetic distance matrix calculated using Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) evolutionary model, clearly separate the two species, supporting the barcoding gap. Wing size and shape analyses based on seven landmarks of 72 field specimens confirmed consistent differences between T. Brasiliensis and T. melanica . Conclusion Our results suggest that the separation of the two species should be attributed to a factor that does not include the current environmental conditions. However, as the caatinga is a biome that has existed in the area for at least the last 18,000 years, past conditions might have had an influence in the speciation process. The DNA Barcoding approach may be extended to these members of the subfamily Triatominae.

  • feeding performance of Triatoma Brasiliensis hemiptera reduviidae on habitual hosts thrichomys laurentius rodentia echimyidae and humans
    Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2011
    Co-Authors: Alessandra A Guarneri, Lileia Diotaiuti, Nelder F Gontijo, Ricardo N Araujo, Marcos H Pereira
    Abstract:

    Abstract Triatoma Brasiliensis is an important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the semiarid zones of Northeastern Brazil where it is commonly found in human dwellings, peridomiciliary areas, and the wild environments. To better understand features that may be influencing the interaction of T. Brasiliensis with its hosts, in the present work we compared the feeding performance of sylvatic and domestic populations of T. Brasiliensis on humans and on Thrichomys laurentius, a wild rodent found in the natural ecotopes of T. Brasiliensis. The analyses were performed using the electronic monitoring of the cibarial pump. The blood sources considerably affected the feeding parameters. Insects fed on T. laurentius had lower ingestion rate, gained less weight, had longer interruption time, remained less time in contact with the host, and had the contractions of the pump in a lower frequency during the feeding process in comparison to insects fed on humans. These results indicate that humans are better blood sources f...

Marli Maria Lima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • enduring extreme climate effects of severe drought on Triatoma Brasiliensis populations in wild and man made habitats of the caatinga
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2019
    Co-Authors: Antonia Ribeiro, Marli Maria Lima, Otilia Sarquis, Fernando Abadfranch
    Abstract:

    Background Triatoma Brasiliensis, a triatomine-bug vector of Chagas disease, evolved in the semiarid Caatinga, where it occupies rocky outcrops, shrubby cacti, and human dwellings. Dwellings and rocks are considered high-quality microhabitats for this saxicolous species, whereas cacti probably represent secondary, lower-quality microhabitats. This ‘microhabitat-quality hierarchy’ hypothesis predicts that T. Brasiliensis populations occupying dwellings or rocks should endure harsh environmental conditions better than their cactus-living relatives. Methods/Findings We tested this prediction by comparing T. Brasiliensis infestation (proportion of microhabitats with bugs), density (bugs per microhabitat), and crowding (bugs per infested microhabitat) in dwellings, rocks, and cacti sampled before and during the extreme drought that ravaged the Caatinga in 2012–2016. We used random-intercepts generalized linear mixed models to account for microhabitat spatial clustering and for variations in bug-catch effort; we assessed model performance and computed model-averaged effect estimates using Akaike’s information criterion. Pre-drought infestation was similar across microhabitat types; during the drought, infestation remained stable in dwellings and rocks but dropped in cacti. Pre-drought bug density declined from dwellings to rocks to cacti; an additional decline associated with the drought was largely comparable across microhabitats, albeit perhaps somewhat larger in cacti. Finally, pre-drought bug crowding was higher in dwellings than in rocks or cacti and changed little during the drought–possibly with a downward trend in dwellings and an upward trend in cacti. Conclusions Triatoma Brasiliensis populations fared better in dwellings and rocks than in cacti during extreme drought. Estimates of microhabitat and drought effects on infestation, density, and crowding suggest that only a few cacti (versus many rocks and dwellings) represent good-quality habitat under such extremely harsh conditions. Our findings provide empirical support to the microhabitat-quality hierarchy hypothesis, and imply that T. Brasiliensis can endure extreme climate by exploiting high-quality microhabitats, whether wild or man-made, in the semiarid Caatinga.

  • Marking Triatoma Brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata and Rhodnius nasutus Nymphs with Trace Elements: Element Persistence and Effects of Marking on Insect Mortality.
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Carolina Valença-barbosa, Marli Maria Lima, Otilia Sarquis, Fernando A Monteiro, Aline Soares Freire, Mariana Rocha David, Ricardo Erthal Santelli, Rafael Maciel-de-freitas
    Abstract:

    Background Field ecologists often rely on mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments to estimate population dynamics parameters for a given species. In the case of a medically important taxon, i.e., a disease vector, inferences on species survival and dispersal rates are particularly important as they have the potential to provide insights into disease transmission dynamics in endemic areas. Medical entomologists have traditionally used fluorescent dusts to externally mark the cuticle of insects. However, dust marking is usually restricted to the adult life stage because immature insects lose the mark when they molt. Methodology/Principal Findings We evaluated the efficacy of 13 trace elements in marking nymphs of three native Brazilian Chagas disease vectors: Triatoma Brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata, and Rhodnius nasutus. Cr and Cu were detected in over 97% of T. Brasiliensis (34/35 31/31 for Cr and Cu), while Cu and Mn were detected in more than 95% of T. pseudomaculata (29/29 for Cu and 28/29 for Mn) tested 120 days after marking. Only Mn marked over 90% of R. nasutus nymphs (38/41). Overall, trace elements had no negative effects on T. pseudomaculata longevity, but As-marked T. Brasiliensis nymphs (p

  • marking Triatoma Brasiliensis Triatoma pseudomaculata and rhodnius nasutus nymphs with trace elements element persistence and effects of marking on insect mortality
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Carolina Valencabarbosa, Marli Maria Lima, Otilia Sarquis, Fernando A Monteiro, Aline Soares Freire, Mariana Rocha David, Ricardo Erthal Santelli, Rafael Macieldefreitas
    Abstract:

    Background Field ecologists often rely on mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments to estimate population dynamics parameters for a given species. In the case of a medically important taxon, i.e., a disease vector, inferences on species survival and dispersal rates are particularly important as they have the potential to provide insights into disease transmission dynamics in endemic areas. Medical entomologists have traditionally used fluorescent dusts to externally mark the cuticle of insects. However, dust marking is usually restricted to the adult life stage because immature insects lose the mark when they molt. Methodology/Principal Findings We evaluated the efficacy of 13 trace elements in marking nymphs of three native Brazilian Chagas disease vectors: Triatoma Brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata, and Rhodnius nasutus. Cr and Cu were detected in over 97% of T. Brasiliensis (34/35 31/31 for Cr and Cu), while Cu and Mn were detected in more than 95% of T. pseudomaculata (29/29 for Cu and 28/29 for Mn) tested 120 days after marking. Only Mn marked over 90% of R. nasutus nymphs (38/41). Overall, trace elements had no negative effects on T. pseudomaculata longevity, but As-marked T. Brasiliensis nymphs (p<0.01), and Cd-marked R. nasutus nymphs (p<0.01) had significantly shorter lifespan. Conclusions/Significance Previous evidence shows that there is little or no genetic differentiation between populations at the microgeographic level, which often precludes indirect estimations of dispersal capability based on genetic markers. In such situations, MRR studies are more suitable as they measure insect movement directly from one site to another, instead of effective migration (i.e. gene flow). The determination of a reliable and persistent marking method is the first step towards the development of meaningful ecological estimates through the application of MRR methodology. Here, we have identified trace elements that can be used for mark and recapture studies of three triatomine species in Brazil.

  • phenotypic variability confirmed by nuclear ribosomal dna suggests a possible natural hybrid zone of Triatoma Brasiliensis species complex
    Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jane Costa, Vanessa Lima Neiva, M D Bargues, Gena G Lawrence, Marcia Gumiel, Genova Oliveira, Pedro Hernan Cabello, Marli Maria Lima, Ellen M Dotson, David William Provance
    Abstract:

    Triatoma Brasiliensis macromelasoma occurs in Pernambuco state, Brazil, which is situated between the distribution areas of Triatoma Brasiliensis Brasiliensis (north) and Triatoma juazeirensis (south). T. b. macromelasoma displays greater variations in its chromatic phenotype than either T. b. Brasiliensis or T. juazeirensis, and patterns reminiscent of one or the other. Experimental crosses from each of these members of the T. Brasiliensis species complex generated fertile offspring suggesting that viable hybrids could be present in nature, despite their significant genetic distances. Considering the geographical position of occurrence of the T. b. macromelasoma (in Pernambuco) it was proposed to be an area capable of supporting natural hybridization between T. b. Brasiliensis and T. juazeirensis. Since phenotypic variability is expected, this study investigated the existence of intermediate chromatic phenotypes for T. b. macromelasoma in various locations in areas between the T. b. Brasiliensis and T. juazeirensis occurrences. Thirteen different color patterns were for the first time characterized and nine of those displayed intermediate phenotypes. Molecular analysis performed using ribosomal DNA intergenic region, grouped all within the T. Brasiliensis complex. The intermediate chromatic phenotypes, molecular analysis and experimental crosses all support the distinction of a zone of hybridization that gave rise to the T. b. macromelasoma through homoploidal evolution.

  • Characterization of the microbiota in the guts of Triatoma Brasiliensis and Triatoma pseudomaculata infected by Trypanosoma cruzi in natural conditions using culture independent methods
    Parasites & Vectors, 2015
    Co-Authors: Marcia Gumiel, Marli Maria Lima, Otilia Sarquis, Fabio Faria Da Mota, Vanessa De Sousa Rizzo, Daniele Pereira De Castro, Eloi De Souza Garcia, Nicolas Carels, Patricia Azambuja
    Abstract:

    Background Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi , which is transmitted by triatomine vectors. The northeastern region of Brazil is endemic for Chagas disease and has the largest diversity of triatomine species. T. cruzi development in its triatomine vector depends on diverse factors, including the composition of bacterial gut microbiota. Methods We characterized the triatomines captured in the municipality of Russas (Ceará) by sequencing the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The composition of the bacterial community in the gut of peridomestic Triatoma Brasiliensis and Triatoma pseudomaculata was investigated using culture independent methods based on the amplification of the 16S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), DNA fragment cloning, Sanger sequencing and 454 pyrosequencing. Additionally, we identified TcI and TcII types of T. cruzi by sequencing amplicons from the gut metagenomic DNA with primers for the mini-exon gene. Results Triatomines collected in the peridomestic ecotopes were diagnosed as T. pseudomaculata and T. Brasiliensis by comparing their COI sequence with GenBank. The rate of infection by T. cruzi in adult triatomines reached 80% for T. pseudomaculata and 90% for T. Brasiliensis . According to the DNA sequences from the DGGE bands, the triatomine gut microbiota was primarily composed of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. However, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were also detected, although in much lower proportions. Serratia was the main genus, as it was encountered in all samples analyzed by DGGE and 454 pyrosequencing. Members of Corynebacterinae, a suborder of the Actinomycetales, formed the next most important group. The cloning and sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes confirmed the presence of Serratia marcescens , Dietzia sp., Gordonia terrae , Corynebacterium stationis and Corynebacterium glutamicum . Conclusions The study of the bacterial microbiota in the triatomine gut has gained increased attention because of the possible role it may play in the epidemiology of Chagas disease by competing with T. cruzi . Culture independent methods have shown that the bacterial composition of the microbiota in the guts of peridomestic triatomines is made up by only few bacterial species.

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  • molecular eco epidemiology on the sympatric chagas disease vectors Triatoma Brasiliensis and Triatoma petrocchiae ecotopes genetic variation natural infection prevalence by trypanosomatids and parasite genotyping
    Acta Tropica, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tarcianne M Limaoliveira, Jane Costa, Myriam Harry, Mauricio Lilioso, Fernanda Von Hertwig Mascarenhas Fontes, Dayane Piressilva, Marta M G Teixeira, Jose Gabriel Vergara Meza, Jonathan Filee, Carolina Valencabarbosa
    Abstract:

    Abstract Triatoma petrocchiae is the newly member of the Triatoma Brasiliensis species complex. This species overlaps with T. Brasiliensis in geographic and ecotypic occupation in the sylvatic habitat because both inhabit rocky outcrops in the semi-arid portion of Brazilian northeast. In this region T. Brasiliensis is the most important Chagas disease vector because it constantly colonizes domiciles. In contrast, T. petrocchiae is rarely found in peri or intradomiciliary habitats – reason why little is known about this species. Therefore, Here, we present information for the first time on. the T. petrocchiae ecotopes, genetic diversity, Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence/genotyping in comparison to T. Brasiliensis. We found T. brasilensis (N = 223) and T. petrocchiae (N = 69) in co-habitation in rocky outcrops in three Districts of Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte states. Forty-tree T. petrocchiae insects of eleven sampling spots (composing three geographic populations) were genotyped for the mitochondrial Cyt B gene and little geographic structure was observed. Tajima's D test suggested that species is evolving toward a mutation-drift equilibrium in our collection range. Sylvatic T. petrocchiae had 4% (3/68) of infected insects by T. cruzi, whereas T. Brasiliensis had 26% (59/223). Fluorescent Fragment Length Barcoding demonstrated that all three T. petrocchiae harbored TcI whereas T. Brasiliensis had TcI, but also TcIII, TcII/TcVI and T. rangeli genotype A, sometimes under mixed infections. None of infected T. petrocchiae were carrying mixed infections. However, this result should be confirmed using a larger pool of infected bugs. We here presented the first documentation of T. rangeli infecting T. Brasiliensis. The finding of infected T. petrocchiae calls for constant vector monitoring because the epidemiologic scenario is dynamic and sylvatic vectors are progressively found in adaptation to anthropic environments.

  • high Triatoma Brasiliensis densities and trypanosoma cruzi prevalence in domestic and peridomestic habitats in the state of rio grande do norte brazil the source for chagas disease outbreaks
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2017
    Co-Authors: Mauricio Lilioso, Jane Costa, Myriam Harry, Elaine Follyramos, Paula L Marcet, Fabiana Lopes Rocha, Jorge E Rabinovich, Claire Capdevielledulac, Carlos Eduardo Almeida
    Abstract:

    A total of 2,431 Triatoma Brasiliensis were collected from 39 populations of Paraiba (PB) and Rio Grande do Norte (RN) states, Brazil. In PB, Trypanosoma cruzi infection was not detected in either peridomestic or domestic vector populations. In contrast, in RN, T. Brasiliensis was detected with high parasite prevalence in these ecotopes (30.7–40.0%). Moreover, peridomicile insect population densities were more than double the average densities of all other settings evaluated (19.17 versus < 8.94 triatomine/man-hour). Genotyped parasites evidenced a mix of T. cruzi lineages circulating in both peridomestic and sylvatic populations. Although vector control efforts have dramatically decreased Chagas disease transmission to humans, recent outbreaks have been detected in four municipalities of RN state. Our results clearly evidence a worrisome proximity between infected vectors and humans in RN. Indeed, finding of infected T. Brasiliensis inside homes is routinely recorded by local vector control surveillance staff around the outbreak area, challenging the current and conventional view that vector transmissions are controlled in northeastern Brazil. This scenario calls for strengthening vector control surveillance and interventions to prevent further Chagas transmission, especially in RN State.

  • under expression of chemosensory genes in domiciliary bugs of the chagas disease vector Triatoma Brasiliensis
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jane Costa, Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Axelle Marchant, Florence Mougel, Emmanuelle Jacquinjoly, Myriam Harry
    Abstract:

    In Latin America, the bloodsucking bugs Triatominae are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Chemical elimination programs have been launched to control Chagas disease vectors. However, the disease persists because native vectors from sylvatic habitats are able to (re)colonize houses-a process called domiciliation. Triatoma Brasiliensis is one example. Because the chemosensory system allows insects to interact with their environment and plays a key role in insect adaption, we conducted a descriptive and comparative study of the chemosensory transcriptome of T. Brasiliensis samples from different ecotopes.

  • molecular individual based approach on Triatoma Brasiliensis inferences on triatomine foci trypanosoma cruzi natural infection prevalence parasite diversity and feeding sources
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jane Costa, Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Myriam Harry, Leslie Faucher, Morgane Lavina
    Abstract:

    We used an individual-based molecular multisource approach to assess the epidemiological importance of Triatoma Brasiliensis collected in distinct sites and ecotopes in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. In the semi-arid zones of Brazil, this blood sucking bug is the most important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi—the parasite that causes Chagas disease. First, cytochrome b (cytb) and microsatellite markers were used for inferences on the genetic structure of five populations (108 bugs). Second, we determined the natural T. cruzi infection prevalence and parasite diversity in 126 bugs by amplifying a mini-exon gene from triatomine gut contents. Third, we identified the natural feeding sources of 60 T. Brasiliensis by using the blood meal content via vertebrate cytb analysis. Demographic inferences based on cytb variation indicated expansion events in some sylvatic and domiciliary populations. Microsatellite results indicated gene flow between sylvatic and anthropic (domiciliary and peridomiciliary) populations, which threatens vector control efforts because sylvatic population are uncontrollable. A high natural T. cruzi infection prevalence (52–71%) and two parasite lineages were found for the sylvatic foci, in which 68% of bugs had fed on Kerodon rupestris (Rodentia: Caviidae), highlighting it as a potential reservoir. For peridomiciliary bugs, Galea spixii (Rodentia: Caviidae) was the main mammal feeding source, which may reinforce previous concerns about the potential of this animal to link the sylvatic and domiciliary T. cruzi cycles.

  • de novo transcriptome assembly for a non model species the blood sucking bug Triatoma Brasiliensis a vector of chagas disease
    Genetica, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jane Costa, Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Axelle Marchant, Florence Mougel, Emmanuelle Jacquinjoly, Myriam Harry
    Abstract:

    High throughput sequencing (HTS) provides new research opportunities for work on non-model organ- isms, such as differential expression studies between pop- ulations exposed to different environmental conditions. However, such transcriptomic studies first require the production of a reference assembly. The choice of sam- pling procedure, sequencing strategy and assembly work- flow is crucial. To develop a reliable reference transcriptome for Triatoma Brasiliensis, the major Chagas disease vector in Northeastern Brazil, different de novo assembly protocols were generated using various datasets and software. Both 454 and Illumina sequencing technologies were applied on RNA extracted from anten- nae and mouthparts from single or pooled individuals. The 454 library yielded 278 Mb. Fifteen Illumina libraries were constructed and yielded nearly 360 million RNA-seq single reads and 46 million RNA-seq paired-end reads for nearly 45 Gb. For the 454 reads, we used three assemblers, Newbler, CAP3 and/or MIRA and for the Illumina reads, the Trinity assembler. Ten assembly workflows were compared using these programs separately or in combina- tion. To compare the assemblies obtained, quantitative and qualitative criteria were used, including contig length, N50, contig number and the percentage of chimeric contigs. Completeness of the assemblies was estimated using the CEGMA pipeline. The best assembly (57,657 contigs, completeness of 80 %, \1 % chimeric contigs) was a hybrid assembly leading to recommend the use of (1) a single individual with large representation of biological tissues, (2) merging both long reads and short paired-end Illumina reads, (3) several assemblers in order to combine the specific advantages of each.

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