Triatominae

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Maria Tercilia Vilela De Azeredo Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Nucleolar-persistence phenomenon during spermatogenesis in genus Meccus (Hemiptera, Triatominae)
    Genetics and molecular research : GMR, 2016
    Co-Authors: Fernanda Fernandez Madeira, Maria Tercilia Vilela De Azeredo Oliveira, Joao Aristeu Da Rosa, A. A. C. Lima, Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
    Abstract:

    The Triatominae subfamily consists of 150 species in 18 genera, grouped into six tribes. In cytogenetics, triatomines are important biological models because they have holocentric chromosomes and nucleolar persistence in meiosis. The phenomenon of nucleolar persistence has been described for 23 species of triatomine in three genera: Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus. However, new species and genera should be analyzed to assess whether nucleolar persistence is a peculiarity of Triatominae. Thus, this study aimed to analyze nucleolar behavior during spermatogenesis of Meccus pallidipennis and M. longipennis, focusing on the nucleolar-persistence phenomenon. Through the analysis of spermatogenesis, more specifically of meiotic metaphase, we observed the phenomenon of nucleolar persistence in M. pallidipennis and M. longipennis, represented by remnants of nucleolar material in metaphase. Thus, although nucleologenesis of new species, and, especially, new genera, should be analyzed, this study confirms for the first time the phenomenon of nucleolar persistence in the genus Meccus. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of new studies in this area in order to assess whether this phenomenon is truly a synapomorphy of these hematophagous insects.

  • Cytogenetic characterisation of Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer) (Hemiptera, Triatominae) spermatocytes and its cytotaxonomic application
    African Entomology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, José Jurberg, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira, J.g.o. Nascimento, Maria Tercilia Vilela De Azeredo Oliveira
    Abstract:

    Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer) (Hemiptera, Triatominae) was the first Triatominae species formally described, as Cimex rubrofasciatus De Geer, 1773. This insect presents anthropogenic habits (Galvao 2014) and is considered of global epidemiological importance, since it has a pantropical distribution and was found infected with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) (Sherlock & Serafim 1974; Brazil & Silva 1983), the etiological agent of Chagas disease.

  • Karyotype of Rhodnius montenegrensis (Hemiptera, Triatominae).
    Genetics and molecular research : GMR, 2015
    Co-Authors: Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, Vagner Jose Mendonca, Joao Aristeu Da Rosa, Amanda Ravazi, Maria Tercilia Vilela De Azeredo Oliveira
    Abstract:

    The Triatominae subfamily comprises 6 tribes. The tribe Rhodniini comprises 2 genera and 22 nominal species. Rhodnius montenegrensis (Hemiptera, Triatominae) was recently described as evolutionarily related to R. robustus. Therefore, in order to contribute to karyosystematic study of the tribe Rhodniini, this report describes the number of chromosomes and compares the karyotype of R. montenegrensis to that of all other species in the tribe, in order to determine the karyotypic evolution of the tribe Rhodniini. The seminiferous tubules of adult males, after being removed and fixated on a cover slip, were processed with lacto-aceto-orcein for cytogenetic analysis. R. montenegrensis, as well as all other species of the tribe Rhodniini showed 22 chromosomes (20 autosomes + XY). Thus, we hereby describe the karyotype of the species R. montenegrensis and mainly highlight that the tribe Rhodniini displays karyotypic homogeneity, demonstrating itself as a derived group to a lesser extent when compared to the number of chromosomes of the common ancestors of the subfamily Triatominae.

  • Nucleolar persistence during spermatogenesis of the genus Rhodnius (Hemiptera, Triatominae)
    Cell biology international, 2014
    Co-Authors: Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, Joao Aristeu Da Rosa, Nayara Fernanda Da Costa Castro, Anna Claudia Campaner Lima, Amanda Ravazi, Alessandra Morielle-souza, Jader De Oliveira, Maria Tercilia Vilela De Azeredo Oliveira
    Abstract:

    The Triatominae subfamily is comprised of 18 genera and six tribes. The tribe Rhodniini is comprised of two genera (Rhodnius and Psammolestes). Nucleolar persistence is defined by the presence of the nucleolus or nucleolar corpuscles during the meiotic metaphase. To date, this phenomenon has been described for 13 species of triatomine that are included in the genera Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus. Thus, because the phenomenon of nucleolar persistence has been described in only two species of the genus Rhodnius, we have analyzed the nucleolar behavior during spermatogenesis of eight species of the genus Rhodnius (R. colombiensis, R. montenegrensis, R. nasutus, R. neglectus, R. neivai, R. pictipes, R. prolixus, and R. robustus), with a focus on nucleolar persistence. By means of cytogenetic analysis with silver ions, nucleolar behavior during spermatogenesis is described in the eight species of Rhodnius analyzed. In all of them nucleolar behavior was similar and the phenomenon of nucleolar persistence was often observed. Therefore, we confirm nucleolar persistence as a peculiarity of the genus Rhodnius. However, it is emphasized that new cytogenetic analysis should be performed in the Triatominae subfamily, more specifically among the 15 genera that do not exhibit the nucleolar behavior described, in order to assess whether this phenomenon is truly a synapomorphy of these hematophagous insects.

  • mini review karyotypic survey in Triatominae subfamily hemiptera heteroptera
    Entomology Ornithology & Herpetology: Current Research, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, Joao Aristeu Da Rosa, Maria Tercilia Vilela De Azeredo Oliveira
    Abstract:

    The Triatominae subfamily consists of 145 species distributed in 18 genera and grouped in six tribes. Currently, there are 86 karyotypes described in the literature, distributed in 11 genera. There are five chromosomal complements described for these bloodsucking insects, out more, 22 (20A+XY), 23 (20A+X1X2Y), 24 (20A+X1X2X3Y), 21 (18A+X1X2Y), 25 (22A+X1X2Y). Thus, we review all triatomine species with the number of chromosomes described in the literature. Through these data highlight the importance of further analysis cytogenetic with karyotype description in Triatominae subfamily, since it can help as an important tool cytotaxonomy and mainly allows the understanding of the evolution of this important group of insect vectors of Chagas disease.

Cleber Galvão - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morphology of the terminal abdominal segments in females of Triatominae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae).
    Acta tropica, 2018
    Co-Authors: Juliana Mourão Dos Santos Rodrigues, Joao Aristeu Da Rosa, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira, Cleber Galvão
    Abstract:

    Abstract Triatominae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae) includes 151 extant species that are all potential vectors of Chagas disease. The relationships among these species have been recently studied based on molecular and cytogenetical approaches, and although the morphology of these insects is fairly described, wide comparative studies and cladistics analysis based on this feature are lacking. A comparative study of the terminal abdominal segments in females of 26 species of Triatominae was performed in order to evaluate their importance for the distinction of genera and species, and obtain characters to be used in cladistics analyses. The results showed that the short combined segments IX and X in dorsal view is not diagnostic for Rhodnius, and the elongated trapezoidal dorsal shape of combined segments IX and X is not exclusive of Panstrongylus. There are diagnostic features at the generic level for Rhodnius and Dipetalogaster, but not for the other genera studied. Among the structures examined, tergite IX is the most valuable for distinguishing species of Triatominae. The female terminalia is useful for the specific identification of Triatominae, but cannot be used to diagnose most genera or to directly assess supraspecific relationships. These can only be unveiled by using additional morphological and/or molecular data in broad cladistics analyses.

  • the evolutionary origin of diversity in chagas disease vectors
    Trends in Parasitology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Silvia A Justi, Cleber Galvao, Silvia A. Justi, Cleber Galvão
    Abstract:

    Chagas disease is amongst the ten most important neglected tropical diseases but knowledge on the diversification of its vectors, Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), is very scarce. Most Triatominae species occur in the Americas, and are all considered potential vectors. Despite its amazing ecological vignette, there are remarkably few evolutionary studies of the whole subfamily, and only one genome sequence has been published. The young age of the subfamily, coupled with the high number of independent lineages, are intriguing, yet the lack of genome-wide data makes it a challenge to infer the phylogenetic relationships within Triatominae. Here we synthesize what is known, and suggest the next steps towards a better understanding of how this important group of disease vectors came to be.

  • Geological Changes of the Americas and their Influence on the Diversification of the Neotropical Kissing Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae).
    PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Silvia A. Justi, Cleber Galvão, Cleber Galvão, Silvia A. Justi, Carlos G. Schrago
    Abstract:

    Background The family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), or assassin bugs, is among the most diverse families of the true bugs, with more than 6,000 species. The subfamily Triatominae (kissing bugs) is noteworthy not simply because it is the only subfamily of the Reduviidae whose members feed on vertebrate blood but particularly because all 147 known members of the subfamily are potential Chagas disease vectors. Due to the epidemiological relevance of these species and the lack of an efficient treatment and vaccine for Chagas disease, it is more common to find evolutionary studies focusing on the most relevant vectors than it is to find studies aiming to understand the evolution of the group as a whole. We present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study aiming to understand the events that led to the diversification of the Triatominae. Methodology/Principal Findings We gathered the most diverse samples of Reduviidae and Triatominae (a total of 229 Reduviidae samples, including 70 Triatominae species) and reconstructed a robust dated phylogeny with several fossil (Reduviidae and Triatominae) calibrations. Based on this information, the possible role of geological events in several of the major cladogenetic events within Triatominae was tested for the first time. We were able to not only correlate the geological changes in the Neotropics with Triatominae evolution but also add to an old discussion: Triatominae monophyly vs. paraphyly. Conclusions/Significance We found that most of the diversification events observed within the Rhodniini and Triatomini tribes are closely linked to the climatic and geological changes caused by the Andean uplift in South America and that variations in sea levels in North America also played a role in the diversification of the species of Triatoma in that region.

  • An overview on the ecology of Triatominae (Hemiptera:Reduviidae)
    Acta tropica, 2015
    Co-Authors: Cleber Galvão, Silvia A. Justi
    Abstract:

    Chagas disease, the American trypanosomiasis, is an important neglected tropical illness caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) and transmitted by insects of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Here we provide an overview on the current knowledge about Triatominae ecology, its association with human, T. cruzi infection and the immediate consequences of habitat fragmentation. We also discuss the geographic distribution of the species and the importance of predicting their distributions to control programs.

  • Hematophagous Bugs (Reduviidae, Triatominae)
    True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics, 2015
    Co-Authors: José Jurberg, Christiane Weirauch, Cleber Galvão, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira
    Abstract:

    The members of the subfamily Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas), the causative agent of Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis. As important vectors, triatomine bugs have attracted ongoing attention, and thus, various aspects of their systematics, biology, ecology, biogeography, and evolution have been studied for decades. In the present chapter, the authors summarize the current knowledge on the systematics, phylogeny, evolution, and biology of these vectors and discuss the implications for human health.

Janine M. Ramsey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • atlas of mexican Triatominae reduviidae hemiptera and vector transmission of chagas disease
    Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2015
    Co-Authors: Janine M. Ramsey, Townsend A Peterson, Oscar Carmonacastro, David A Moollanes, Yoshinori Nakazawa, Morgan Butrick, Ezequiel Tunku, Keynes De La Cruzfelix, Carlos N Ibarracerdena
    Abstract:

    Chagas disease is one of the most important yet neglected parasitic diseases in Mexico and is transmitted by Triatominae. Nineteen of the 31 Mexican triatomine species have been consistently found to invade human houses and all have been found to be naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The present paper aims to produce a state-of-knowledge atlas of Mexican triatomines and analyse their geographic associations with T. cruzi, human demographics and landscape modification. Ecological niche models (ENMs) were constructed for the 19 species with more than 10 records in North America, as well as for T. cruzi. The 2010 Mexican national census and the 2007 National Forestry Inventory were used to analyse overlap patterns with ENMs. Niche breadth was greatest in species from the semiarid Nearctic Region, whereas species richness was associated with topographic heterogeneity in the Neotropical Region, particularly along the Pacific Coast. Three species, Triatoma longipennis, Triatoma mexicana and Triatoma barberi, overlapped with the greatest numbers of human communities, but these communities had the lowest rural/urban population ratios. Triatomine vectors have urbanised in most regions, demonstrating a high tolerance to human-modified habitats and broadened historical ranges, exposing more than 88% of the Mexican population and leaving few areas in Mexico without the potential for T. cruzi transmission.

  • phylogeny and niche conservatism in north and central american triatomine bugs hemiptera reduviidae Triatominae vectors of chagas disease
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2014
    Co-Authors: Carlos N Ibarracerdena, Townsend A Peterson, Victor Sanchezcordero, Alejandro Zaldivarriveron, Janine M. Ramsey
    Abstract:

    The niche conservatism hypothesis states that related species diverge in niche characteristics at lower rates than expected, given their lineage divergence. Here we analyze whether niche conservatism is a common pattern among vector species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) of Trypanosoma cruzi that inhabit North and Central America, a highly heterogeneous landmass in terms of environmental gradients. Mitochondrial and nuclear loci were used in a multi-locus phylogenetic framework to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among species and estimate time of divergence of selected clades to draw biogeographic inferences. Then, we estimated similarity between the ecological niche of sister species and tested the niche conservatism hypothesis using our best estimate of phylogeny. Triatoma is not monophyletic. A primary clade with all North and Central American (NCA) triatomine species from the genera Triatoma, Dipetalogaster, and Panstrongylus, was consistently recovered. Nearctic species within the NCA clade (T. p. protracta, T. r. rubida) diverged during the Pliocene, whereas the Neotropical species (T. phyllosoma, T. longipennis, T. dimidiata complex) are estimated to have diverged more recently, during the Pleistocene. The hypothesis of niche conservatism could not be rejected for any of six sister species pairs. Niche similarity between sister species best fits a retention model. While this framework is used here to infer niche evolution, it has a direct impact on spatial vector dynamics driven by human population movements, expansion of transportation networks and climate change scenarios.

  • infestation by triatoma pallidipennis hemiptera reduviidae Triatominae is associated with housing characteristics in rural mexico
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Justin M Cohen, Rosalinda Ordonez, Mark L Wilson, Adriana Cruzcelis, Janine M. Ramsey
    Abstract:

    Long-term control of Chagas disease requires not only interruption of the human transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi Schyzotrypanum, Chagas, 1909 by controlling its domestic triatomine vectors but also surveillance to prevent reinfestation of residences from sylvatic or persistent peridomestic populations. Although a number of potential risk factors for infestation have been implicated in previous studies, the explanatory power of resulting models has been low. Two years after cessation of triatomine vector control efforts in the town of Chalcatzingo, Morelos, 78 environmental, socioecological, and spatial variables were analyzed for association with infestation by Triatoma pallidipennis Stal 1872 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), the principal vector of T. cruzi. We studied 712 residences in this rural community to identify specific intradomestic and peridomestic risk factors that predicted infestation with T. pallidipennis. From numerous characteristics that were identified as correlated with infestation, we derived multivariate logistic regression models to predict residences that were more or less likely to be infested with T. pallidipennis. The most important risk factors for infestation included measurements of house age, upkeep, and spatial location in the town. The effects of certain risk factors on infestation were found to be modified by spatial characteristics of residences. The results of this study provide new information regarding risk factors for infestation by T. pallidipennis that may aid in designing sustainable disease control programs in rural Mexico.

  • distribution of domestic Triatominae and stratification of chagas disease transmission in oaxaca mexico
    Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Janine M. Ramsey, Rosalinda Ordonez, A Cruzcelis, A L Alvear, V Chavez, R Lopez, J R Pintor, F Gama, S Carrillo
    Abstract:

    Mexico has 18 species of Triatomine bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) reported to be vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. Chagas Disease is widespread in Mexico, with up to 3.5% seropositivity of human transfusion blood. The State of Oaxaca has the longest history of endemic Chagas Disease, based on acute and chronic case reports, and of entomological surveys in the country. However, the State health care services need more information on current risks of vector transmission. In order to identify and characterize areas of transmission in Oaxaca and to stratify the vector potential, the distribution of domestic Triatominae was surveyed during 1996-98 in collaboration with the primary health care services and local communities. Villages were studied in 11% of 570 municipalities in Oaxaca. Eight triatomine species were found in domestic and peri-domestic habitats: Triatoma barberi Usinger, T. bolivari Carcavallo et al., T. dimidiata (Latreille), T. mazzottii Usinger, T. nitida Usinger, T. pallidipennis (Stal), T. phyllosoma (Burmeister) and Rhodnius prolixus Stal. For each triatomine species in Oaxaca, the range of distribution and habitat characteristics are described. Habitat partitioning, principally based on altitude and mean annual precipitation, limited the overlap of distribution between species. Relatively consistent altitude of human settlements facilitates the dispersion of individual species within microregions. Entomological indices of house infestation were used to estimate that approximately 50% of the human population (1,874,320 inhabitants) would be at risk of vector transmission, with a minimum of 134,320 infected people and 40,280 chronic cases of Chagas Disease currently in Oaxaca.

  • Nuclear rDNA-based molecular clock of the evolution of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vectors of Chagas disease
    Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2000
    Co-Authors: Bargues, Antonio Marcilla, Janine M. Ramsey, Jean-pierre Dujardin, Christopher John Schofield, Santiago Mas-coma
    Abstract:

    The evolutionary history and times of divergence of triatomine bug lineages are estimated from molecular clocks inferred from nucleotide sequences of the small subunit SSU (18S) and the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA of these reduviids. The 18S rDNA molecular clock rate in Triatominae, and Prosorrhynchan Hemiptera in general, appears to be of 1.8% per 100 million years (my). The ITS-2 molecular clock rate in Triatominae is estimated to be around 0.4-1% per 1 my, indicating that ITS-2 evolves 23-55 times faster than 18S rDNA. Inferred chronological data about the evolution of Triatominae fit well with current hypotheses on their evolutionary histories, but suggest reconsideration of the current taxonomy of North American species complexes.

Francois Noireau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Geographic distribution of Triatominae vectors in America
    American Trypanosomiasis Chagas Disease, 2017
    Co-Authors: David Eladio Gorla, Francois Noireau
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary Data on the distribution of triatomine species are usually obtained from the detection of peridomestic/domestic colonies, focal sampling of sylvatic populations, and information on the domestic intrusion of wild adult forms. Consequently, the more the synanthropic process of a Chagas disease vector is advanced, the more its geographic range may be precisely known. Thus, the past and recent changes in the geographic range of the most efficient vectors of T. cruzi to humans are well-known. However, an incomplete knowledge of species distribution exists when these organisms are restricted to sylvatic environments. It is unfeasible to systematically sample over wide areas because it is difficult to access certain types of ecotopes, thus making it difficult to investigate these areas. Moreover, in the case of exclusively sylvatic species, the sampling is generally random and, consequently, often unproductive. Finally, the sampled subsets are considered isolated species when they may represent components of an unknown continuous population. This chapter presents a review of the geographic distribution of Triatominae considering the species of epidemiological importance or the groups of species in which at least one species has an epidemiological significance as a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi to humans. All the species considered belong to the tribes Rhodniini and Triatomini.

  • Biology of Triatominae
    American Trypanosomiasis Chagas Disease, 2017
    Co-Authors: Silvia Catalá, Francois Noireau, Jean-pierre Dujardin
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary Most of the Triatominae are found in the New World, with a very few others in the Old World. They are Hematophagous bugs living in close association with their sylvatic hosts in such habitats as palm tree crowns, bird nests, rodent burrows, opossum lodges, and rock piles. For some genera, the classification of Triatominae reflects these associations, with for instance, the Rhodnius adapted to the palm trees, the Psammolestes living in bird nests, and the Panstrongylus and Paratriatoma associated with burrows. However, with a very few exceptions, these species are opportunistic and feed on other hosts too, including the human host. Since one of their commonly observed behaviors is to enter domestic and peridomestic structures, with some of them trying to colonize the human habitat, the sylvatic species of Triatominae represent a possible source of infection by T. cruzi, thus they deserve much more interest. Due to their generally nocturnal habits and hidden refuges, they may be hard to collect in the field. In this regard, the design of a new trapping device was a welcome initiative.

  • Wild Habitat and Related Fauna of Panstrongylus lutzi (Reduviidae, Triatominae)
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Artur G. Dias-lima, Diego Menezes, Ítalo A. Sherlock, Francois Noireau
    Abstract:

    Abstract Although Panstrongylus lutzi (Neiva and Pinto) is currently the fifth most frequent species of Triatominae captured in artificial structures in Brazil, its silvatic habitat remains unknown. A survey of its natural ecotopes was performed in an area of Bahia State. P. lutzi nymphal instars and adults were detected in burrows of Dasypodidae. Silvatic habitat of four other endemic triatomine species of the caatinga (Triatoma pseudomaculata Correa and Espinola, Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, Rhodnius neglectus Lent, and Psammolestes tertius Lent and Jurberg) was also recorded.

  • Trapping Triatominae in Silvatic Habitats
    Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2002
    Co-Authors: Francois Noireau, Fernando Abad-franch, Sebastião Aldo Da Silva Valente, Artur G. Dias-lima, Catarina Macedo Lopes, Vanda Cunha, Vera Da Costa Valente, Francisco S. Palomeque, Carlos J Carvalho-pinto, Ítalo Rodrigues De Araújo Sherlock
    Abstract:

    Large-scale trials of a trapping system designed to collect silvatic Triatominae are reported. Live-baited adhesive traps were tested in various ecosystems and different triatomine habitats (arboreal and terrestrial). The trials were always successful, with a rate of positive habitats generally over 20% and reaching 48.4% for palm trees of the Amazon basin. Eleven species of Triatominae belonging to the three genera of public health importance (Triatoma, Rhodnius and Panstrongylus) were captured. This trapping system provides an effective way to detect the presence of triatomines in terrestrial and arboreal silvatic habitats and represents a promising tool for ecological studies. Various lines of research are contemplated to improve the performance of this trapping system.

  • trypanosoma cruzi genotypes associated with domestic triatoma sordida in bolivia
    Acta Tropica, 1998
    Co-Authors: Simone Frederique Breniere, Wilson Morochi, Marie-france Bosseno, Jackeline Ordonez, Fernando Vargas, Nina Yaksic, T. Gutierrez, Francois Noireau
    Abstract:

    Triatoma sordida is the second species of Triatominae considered of epidemiological significance in Bolivia. Associated with Triatoma infestans in various regions, it is as yet the only triatomine species established in human dwellings in localities of Velasco province, Department of Santa Cruz. This domestication is considered as primary. Flagellate parasites were detected in 16.2% of domiciliary T. sordida and the kDNA-PCR confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi. Frequencies of T. cruzi clonets 20 and 39, common clonets in Bolivian domestic cycle (T. infestans), were established by their direct detection in feces using PCR and hybridization. These clonets present low frequencies in T. sordida and synanthropic mammals. Forty-six stocks were isolated and analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). The MLEE showed a higher clonal diversity than in T. infestans domestic cycle and the genotypes were clustered in the two principal lineages of T. cruzi. Within each lineage, a broad variability was observed. Mixture of genotypes was mostly observed in mammals. The large diversity of T. cruzi in this cycle should be related to its sylvatic origin. Moreover, the current limited sample of stocks suggests a lineage association with specific hosts.

Gerardo Anibal Marti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • DataTri, a database of American triatomine species occurrence.
    Scientific data, 2018
    Co-Authors: Soledad Ceccarelli, Agustín Balsalobre, Paula Medone, María Eugenia Cano, Rodrigo Gurgel Gonçalves, Dora Feliciangeli, Dario Vezzani, Cristina Wisnivesky-colli, David Eladio Gorla, Gerardo Anibal Marti
    Abstract:

    Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is transmitted to mammals - including humans - by insect vectors of the subfamily Triatominae. We present the results of a compilation of triatomine occurrence and complementary ecological data that represents the most complete, integrated and updated database (DataTri) available on triatomine species at a continental scale. This database was assembled by collecting the records of triatomine species published from 1904 to 2017, spanning all American countries with triatomine presence. A total of 21815 georeferenced records were obtained from published literature, personal fieldwork and data provided by colleagues. The data compiled includes 24 American countries, 14 genera and 135 species. From a taxonomic perspective, 67.33% of the records correspond to the genus Triatoma, 20.81% to Panstrongylus, 9.01% to Rhodnius and the remaining 2.85% are distributed among the other 11 triatomine genera. We encourage using DataTri information in various areas, especially to improve knowledge of the geographical distribution of triatomine species and its variations in time.

  • prevalence and distribution of parasites and pathogens of Triatominae from argentina with emphasis on triatoma infestans and triatoma virus trv
    Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gerardo Anibal Marti, Maria Gabriela Echeverria, Maria Laura Susevich, James J Becnel, Sebastian Alberto Pelizza, Juan J Garcia
    Abstract:

    Chagas' disease is the most important endemic arthropod-zoonosis in Argentina with an estimated 1.6 million people infected with the causative agent Trypanosoma cruzi. Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas' disease in Argentina. A survey for parasites and pathogens of Triatominae was conducted from August 2002 to February 2005. Collections of insects were made in domiciles, peridomiciles, and in the natural habitats of the Triatominae. Insects from these collections were dissected and their organs and tissues examined for flagellates. Frass from these insects was collected and examined for detection of the entomopathogenic virus Triatoma virus (TrV) using AC-ELISA and PCR. Triatominae belonging to four species, T. infestans (n=1646), Triatoma guasayana (n=4), Triatoma platensis (n=1) and Triatoma sordida (n=5) were collected from 62 sites located in 13 provinces of Argentina. Triatoma virus and two protozoan species, Blastocrithidia triatomae and T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, were found infecting Triatominae. The total prevalence of TrV in 1646 T. infestans analyzed by ELISA was 9.66% (159/1646) from 7 to 13 provinces where collections were made. Triatoma virus positive triatomines were found in 17 of 62 populations when examined by AC-ELISA but in 38 of 62 populations when PCR was used for detection. The prevalence of B. triatomae in T. infestans was 0.43% (7/1646), while the prevalence of T. cruzi was 1.3% (21/1646). This is the first study on the diversity, distribution and prevalence of flagellated protozoa and TrV of Triatominae in endemic Chagas' disease regions of Argentina.

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