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Marcos Gervasio Pereira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diversidade de Trichocomaceae isolada de solo e serrapilheira de floresta atlântica
Floresta e Ambiente, 2012Co-Authors: Marcelo Elias Fraga, Marcos Gervasio PereiraAbstract:The purpose of the present study was to assess the diversity and succession of family Trichocomaceae in areas with different levels of human disturbance, namely, most impacted area and least impacted area. This research was carried out in "Parque Natural Municipal Curio" (Natural City Preserve) in Paracambi, State of Rio de Janeiro. Two areas with different levels of human disturbance were selected and, in each of these areas, a 1,000 m2 plot was delimited, where soil and leaf litter samplings were collected for fertility and mycobiota assessment. In general, the most impacted area presented the highest values for pH, Ca and K. The highest values of leaf litter yield were also observed in this area, which contributed to the higher values of K - an element easily leachable in mulch. The highest values of Colony Formation Units (CFU) in soil and litter: 5.4 × 104 and 9 × 104, respectively, were observed in the most impacted area. This area also presented the highest values for Ca in soil and litter, which suggests that this nutrient may contribute to the greater number of CFUs. For the least impacted area, the CFU values were between 4 × 104 for litter and 5 × 104 for soil; no clear association was observed between the higher number of CFUs and the concentrations of nutrients in soil and/or litter. The total number of fungi isolated was 87, belonging to four different genera and 22 species, with 16 Penicillium spp., four Aspergillus spp., one Paecilomyces sp. and one Trichoderma sp. No clear association was noticed between climatic variables and the number of CFUs. The greatest amount of CFUs was observed in the most impacted area, both in soil and leaf litter. The higher concentration of Ca quantified in this area suggests that this nutrient may be contributing to the increase in CFUs. The genera Penicillium spp. was the most representative fungus in both areas.
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DIVERSIDADE DE Trichocomaceae ISOLADAS DE SOLO EM DOIS ECOSSISTEMAS FLORESTAIS
Ciência Florestal, 2010Co-Authors: Marcelo Elias Fraga, Marcos Gervasio Pereira, Deivison Jesus Barbosa, Maruzanete Pereira MeloAbstract:Trichocomaceae family encompasses the greatest anamorphic fungi genera: Aspergillus and Penicillium . Many from this family have been causing food degradation, biodeterioration, animal pathologies, and some species have also been used in biotechnology as well as being responsible for mycotoxins production. This survey was carried out from 2006 to 2007 on approximately 20 years old Pinus ( Pinus elliotti ) and Corymbia ( Corymbia citriodora ) two plantation areas at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At each litter area, around 500 m 2 , parcel was set up where 10 single samples at 70 days interval were randomly sampled. Soil temperatures by digital geothermometer at sampling point time were measured. Pluviometric precipitation annual environmental temperature during the research were also quantified. Soil temperature ranging from 21.93 to 27.69 C at pinus area as well as from 22.22 to 26.58 o C at Corymbia one was reported. The monthly minimum relative humidity was 27.2/20.5 and maximum 82.6/63.2 as well as greatest precipitation levels for 22 days in January was observed. In relation to mycobiota, an increasing colony unit formation (CFU) difference at highest temperature and relative humidity ranging from 12.8 to 58.2 and 20.3 to 83.3 x 10 3 for Corymbia and pinus was reported. Fungi records total number presented 190 isolated ones from five genera and 54 different species: 32 Penicillium spp., 19 Aspergillus spp., one Eupenicillium javanicu , one Eurotium chevalieri and one Sclerocleista ornate , at all. The most abundant species was Penicillium decumbens , found in all samples. The periods of greatest concentration of CFU are correlated with periods of rain, humidity and temperature. Climatic variables as precipitation and temperature have been the elements which influenced the soil mycobiota changing the most.
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Diversidade de Trichocomaceae isoladas de solo em dois ecossistemas florestais.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010Co-Authors: Marcelo Elias Fraga, Marcos Gervasio Pereira, Deivison Jesus Barbosa, Maruzanete Pereira MeloAbstract:A família Trichocomaceae inclui os gêneros de fungos anamórficos, Aspergillus e Penicillium. Muitos membros dessa família são importantes causadores de degradação de alimentos, biodeterioração, patogênicos a animais, e algumas espécies são usadas em biotecnologia e podem produzir micotoxinas. O presente trabalho foi realizado em duas áreas, durante o período de um ano (2006-2007) com coletas em área de plantio de pinus (Pinus elliotti) e Corymbia (Corymbia citriodora) com idade aproximada de 20 anos, no campus da UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Na área de cada cobertura vegetal foi estabelecida uma parcela de aproximadamente 500 m2, onde foram coletadas aleatoriamente dez amostras simples, em intervalos regulares de 70 dias. No momento da coleta foram medidas as temperaturas do solo com geotermômetro digital. Durante o de estudo também foi quantificada a precipitação pluviométrica e a temperatura ambiente. No período, foi verificada uma pequena variação da temperatura do solo nas áreas, valores de 21,93 a 27,69oC na área de pinus e 22,22 a 26,58oC na área de Corymbia. A variação mensal da umidade relativa mínima foi de 27,2/20,5 e máxima de 82,6/63,2 e os maiores valores de precipitação observados foi no mês de janeiro (22 dias). Em relação à micobiota, foi observada uma variação crescente da unidade formadora de colônia (UFC) nos período de maior temperatura e umidade relativa com índices variando de 12,8/58,2 e 20,3/83,3x103 para Corymbia e pinus respectivamente. O número total de fungos foi de 190 isolados, pertencentes a cinco gêneros e 54 espécies diferente, sendo 32 Penicillium spp., 19 Aspergillus spp., um Eupenicillium javanicu, um Eurotium chevalieri e um Sclerocleista ornata. A espécie mais abundante foi Penicillium decumbens, sendo encontrada em todas as coletas. Os períodos de maior concentração de UFC estão correlacionados com os períodos de chuva, umidade relativa e temperatura. As variáveis climáticas precipitação e temperatura foram os fatores que mais influenciaram na sucessão da micobiota no solo.
Jos Houbraken - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ORIGINAL PAPER Rasamsonia, a new genus comprising thermotolerant
2013Co-Authors: Thermophilic Talaromyces, Jos Houbraken, Henk Spierenburg, Jens Christian Frisvad, Geosmithia SpeciesAbstract:Ó The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The phylogenetic relationship among Geosmithia argillacea, Talaromyces emersonii, Talaromyces byssochlamydoides and other members of the Trichocomaceae was studied using partial RPB2 (RNA polymerase II gene, encoding the second largest protein subunit), Tsr1 (putative ribosome biogenesis protein) and Cct8 (putative chaperonin complex component TCP-1) gene sequences. The results showed that these species form a distinct clade within the Trichocomaceae and Trichocoma paradoxa is phylogenetically most closely related. Based on phenotypic and physiological characters and molecular data, we propose Rasamsonia gen. nov. to accommodate these species. This new genus is distinct from other genera of the Trichocomaceae in being thermotolerant or thermophilic and having conidiophores with distinctly rough walled stipes, olive-brown conidia and ascomata, if present, with a scanty Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9647-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
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phylogeny of penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families
Studies in Mycology, 2011Co-Authors: Jos Houbraken, Robert A SamsonAbstract:UNLABELLED: Species of Trichocomaceae occur commonly and are important to both industry and medicine. They are associated with food spoilage and mycotoxin production and can occur in the indoor environment, causing health hazards by the formation of β-glucans, mycotoxins and surface proteins. Some species are opportunistic pathogens, while others are exploited in biotechnology for the production of enzymes, antibiotics and other products. Penicillium belongs phylogenetically to Trichocomaceae and more than 250 species are currently accepted in this genus. In this study, we investigated the relationship of Penicillium to other genera of Trichocomaceae and studied in detail the phylogeny of the genus itself. In order to study these relationships, partial RPB1, RPB2 (RNA polymerase II genes), Tsr1 (putative ribosome biogenesis protein) and Cct8 (putative chaperonin complex component TCP-1) gene sequences were obtained. The Trichocomaceae are divided in three separate families: Aspergillaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Aspergillaceae are characterised by the formation flask-shaped or cylindrical phialides, asci produced inside cleistothecia or surrounded by Hulle cells and mainly ascospores with a furrow or slit, while the Trichocomaceae are defined by the formation of lanceolate phialides, asci borne within a tuft or layer of loose hyphae and ascospores lacking a slit. Thermoascus and Paecilomyces, both members of Thermoascaceae, also form ascospores lacking a furrow or slit, but are differentiated from Trichocomaceae by the production of asci from croziers and their thermotolerant or thermophilic nature. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Penicillium is polyphyletic. The genus is re-defined and a monophyletic genus for both anamorphs and teleomorphs is created (Penicillium sensu stricto). The genera Thysanophora, Eupenicillium, Chromocleista, Hemicarpenteles and Torulomyces belong in Penicilliums. str. and new combinations for the species belonging to these genera are proposed. Analysis of Penicillium below genus rank revealed the presence of 25 clades. A new classification system including both anamorph and teleomorph species is proposed and these 25 clades are treated here as sections. An overview of species belonging to each section is presented. TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES: New sections, all in Penicillium: sect. Sclerotiora Houbraken & Samson, sect. Charlesia Houbraken & Samson, sect. Thysanophora Houbraken & Samson,sect. Ochrosalmonea Houbraken & Samson, sect. Cinnamopurpurea Houbraken & Samson, Fracta Houbraken & Samson, sect. Stolkia Houbraken & Samson, sect. Gracilenta Houbraken & Samson, sect. Citrina Houbraken & Samson, sect. Turbata Houbraken & Samson, sect. Paradoxa Houbraken & Samson, sect. Canescentia Houbraken & Samson. New combinations:Penicillium asymmetricum (Subramanian & Sudha) Houbraken & Samson, P. bovifimosum (Tuthill & Frisvad) Houbraken & Samson, P. glaucoalbidum (Desmazieres) Houbraken & Samson, P. laeve (K. Ando & Manoch) Houbraken & Samson, P. longisporum (Kendrick) Houbraken & Samson, P. malachiteum (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Houbraken & Samson, P. ovatum (K. Ando & Nawawi) Houbraken & Samson, P. parviverrucosum (K. Ando & Pitt) Houbraken & Samson, P. saturniforme (Wang & Zhuang) Houbraken & Samson, P. taiwanense (Matsushima) Houbraken & Samson. New names:Penicillium coniferophilum Houbraken & Samson, P. hennebertii Houbraken & Samson, P. melanostipe Houbraken & Samson, P. porphyreum Houbraken & Samson.
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phylogeny of penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families
Studies in Mycology, 2011Co-Authors: Jos Houbraken, Robert A SamsonAbstract:Abstract Species of Trichocomaceae occur commonly and are important to both industry and medicine. They are associated with food spoilage and mycotoxin production and can occur in the indoor environment, causing health hazards by the formation of β-glucans, mycotoxins and surface proteins. Some species are opportunistic pathogens, while others are exploited in biotechnology for the production of enzymes, antibiotics and other products. Penicillium belongs phylogenetically to Trichocomaceae and more than 250 species are currently accepted in this genus. In this study, we investigated the relationship of Penicillium to other genera of Trichocomaceae and studied in detail the phylogeny of the genus itself. In order to study these relationships, partial RPB1, RPB2 (RNA polymerase II genes), Tsr1 (putative ribosome biogenesis protein) and Cct8 (putative chaperonin complex component TCP-1) gene sequences were obtained. The Trichocomaceae are divided in three separate families: Aspergillaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Aspergillaceae are characterised by the formation flask-shaped or cylindrical phialides, asci produced inside cleistothecia or surrounded by Hulle cells and mainly ascospores with a furrow or slit, while the Trichocomaceae are defined by the formation of lanceolate phialides, asci borne within a tuft or layer of loose hyphae and ascospores lacking a slit. Thermoascus and Paecilomyces, both members of Thermoascaceae, also form ascospores lacking a furrow or slit, but are differentiated from Trichocomaceae by the production of asci from croziers and their thermotolerant or thermophilic nature. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Penicillium is polyphyletic. The genus is re-defined and a monophyletic genus for both anamorphs and teleomorphs is created (Penicillium sensu stricto). The genera Thysanophora, Eupenicillium, Chromocleista, Hemicarpenteles and Torulomyces belong in Penicilliums. str. and new combinations for the species belonging to these genera are proposed. Analysis of Penicillium below genus rank revealed the presence of 25 clades. A new classification system including both anamorph and teleomorph species is proposed and these 25 clades are treated here as sections. An overview of species belonging to each section is presented. Taxonomic novelties: New sections, all in Penicillium: sect. Sclerotiora Houbraken & Samson, sect. Charlesia Houbraken & Samson, sect. Thysanophora Houbraken & Samson, sect. Ochrosalmonea Houbraken & Samson, sect. Cinnamopurpurea Houbraken & Samson, Fracta Houbraken & Samson, sect. Stolkia Houbraken & Samson, sect. Gracilenta Houbraken & Samson, sect. Citrina Houbraken & Samson, sect. Turbata Houbraken & Samson, sect. Paradoxa Houbraken & Samson, sect. Canescentia Houbraken & Samson. New combinations: Penicillium asymmetricum (Subramanian & Sudha) Houbraken & Samson, P. bovifimosum (Tuthill & Frisvad) Houbraken & Samson, P. glaucoalbidum (Desmazieres) Houbraken & Samson, P. laeve (K. Ando & Manoch) Houbraken & Samson, P. longisporum (Kendrick) Houbraken & Samson, P. malachiteum (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Houbraken & Samson, P. ovatum (K. Ando & Nawawi) Houbraken & Samson, P. parviverrucosum (K. Ando & Pitt) Houbraken & Samson, P. saturniforme (Wang & Zhuang) Houbraken & Samson, P. taiwanense (Matsushima) Houbraken & Samson. New names: Penicillium coniferophilum Houbraken & Samson, P. hennebertii Houbraken & Samson, P. melanostipe Houbraken & Samson, P. porphyreum Houbraken & Samson.
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Rasamsonia, a new genus comprising thermotolerant and thermophilic Talaromyces and Geosmithia species
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2011Co-Authors: Jos Houbraken, Henk Spierenburg, Jens Christian FrisvadAbstract:The phylogenetic relationship among Geosmithia argillacea, Talaromyces emersonii, Talaromyces byssochlamydoides and other members of the Trichocomaceae was studied using partial RPB2 (RNA polymerase II gene, encoding the second largest protein subunit), Tsr1 (putative ribosome biogenesis protein) and Cct8 (putative chaperonin complex component TCP-1) gene sequences. The results showed that these species form a distinct clade within the Trichocomaceae and Trichocoma paradoxa is phylogenetically most closely related. Based on phenotypic and physiological characters and molecular data, we propose Rasamsonia gen. nov. to accommodate these species. This new genus is distinct from other genera of the Trichocomaceae in being thermotolerant or thermophilic and having conidiophores with distinctly rough walled stipes, olive-brown conidia and ascomata, if present, with a scanty covering. Species within the genus Rasamsonia were distinguished using a combination of phenotypic characters, extrolite patterns, ITS and partial calmodulin and β-tubulin sequences. Rasamsonia brevistipitata sp. nov. is described and five new combinations are proposed.
Phillip Crews - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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talaromycolides a c novel phenyl substituted phthalides isolated from the green chinese onion derived fungus talaromyces pinophilus af 02
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Mingming Zhai, Haitao Niu, Hui Xiao, Yanping Shi, Phillip CrewsAbstract:The green Chinese onion (Allium fistulosum L.), which is widely cultivated and has been naturalized in many places, is an important spice and vegetable in East and Southeast Asia. It is used to treat the common cold in China. In the ongoing search for antibacterial activity in fungi derived from natural, pungently scented vegetables, the secondary metabolites of Talaromyces pinophilus AF-02, which was isolated from the stem of the green Chinese onion, were investigated. The genus Talaromyces (Trichocomaceae) is an important fungal genus because of its ubiquity and the role of many of its species in food and agriculture production. Three new phthalide derivatives, talaromycolides A-C, 1-3; a new long-chain dicarboxylic acid, 11; and 12 known compounds were isolated from methanolic extracts of this fungus. Their structures were determined via extensive NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and CD spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1-3 are rare phthalide derivatives with a novel linkage position between the phenyl and phthalide moieties. The biological properties of 1-16 were evaluated using six different bacteria, and 1-3, 5, and 11 exhibited significant antibacterial activity in response to some of the tested strains.
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Talaromycolides A–C, Novel Phenyl-Substituted Phthalides Isolated from the Green Chinese Onion-Derived Fungus Talaromyces pinophilus AF-02
2015Co-Authors: Mingming Zhai, Haitao Niu, Hui Xiao, Yanping Shi, Phillip CrewsAbstract:The green Chinese onion (Allium fistulosum L.), which is widely cultivated and has been naturalized in many places, is an important spice and vegetable in East and Southeast Asia. It is used to treat the common cold in China. In the ongoing search for antibacterial activity in fungi derived from natural, pungently scented vegetables, the secondary metabolites of Talaromyces pinophilus AF-02, which was isolated from the stem of the green Chinese onion, were investigated. The genus Talaromyces (Trichocomaceae) is an important fungal genus because of its ubiquity and the role of many of its species in food and agriculture production. Three new phthalide derivatives, talaromycolides A–C, 1–3; a new long-chain dicarboxylic acid, 11; and 12 known compounds were isolated from methanolic extracts of this fungus. Their structures were determined via extensive NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and CD spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1–3 are rare phthalide derivatives with a novel linkage position between the phenyl and phthalide moieties. The biological properties of 1–16 were evaluated using six different bacteria, and 1–3, 5, and 11 exhibited significant antibacterial activity in response to some of the tested strains
Marcelo Elias Fraga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diversidade de Trichocomaceae isolada de solo e serrapilheira de floresta atlântica
Floresta e Ambiente, 2012Co-Authors: Marcelo Elias Fraga, Marcos Gervasio PereiraAbstract:The purpose of the present study was to assess the diversity and succession of family Trichocomaceae in areas with different levels of human disturbance, namely, most impacted area and least impacted area. This research was carried out in "Parque Natural Municipal Curio" (Natural City Preserve) in Paracambi, State of Rio de Janeiro. Two areas with different levels of human disturbance were selected and, in each of these areas, a 1,000 m2 plot was delimited, where soil and leaf litter samplings were collected for fertility and mycobiota assessment. In general, the most impacted area presented the highest values for pH, Ca and K. The highest values of leaf litter yield were also observed in this area, which contributed to the higher values of K - an element easily leachable in mulch. The highest values of Colony Formation Units (CFU) in soil and litter: 5.4 × 104 and 9 × 104, respectively, were observed in the most impacted area. This area also presented the highest values for Ca in soil and litter, which suggests that this nutrient may contribute to the greater number of CFUs. For the least impacted area, the CFU values were between 4 × 104 for litter and 5 × 104 for soil; no clear association was observed between the higher number of CFUs and the concentrations of nutrients in soil and/or litter. The total number of fungi isolated was 87, belonging to four different genera and 22 species, with 16 Penicillium spp., four Aspergillus spp., one Paecilomyces sp. and one Trichoderma sp. No clear association was noticed between climatic variables and the number of CFUs. The greatest amount of CFUs was observed in the most impacted area, both in soil and leaf litter. The higher concentration of Ca quantified in this area suggests that this nutrient may be contributing to the increase in CFUs. The genera Penicillium spp. was the most representative fungus in both areas.
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DIVERSIDADE DE Trichocomaceae ISOLADAS DE SOLO EM DOIS ECOSSISTEMAS FLORESTAIS
Ciência Florestal, 2010Co-Authors: Marcelo Elias Fraga, Marcos Gervasio Pereira, Deivison Jesus Barbosa, Maruzanete Pereira MeloAbstract:Trichocomaceae family encompasses the greatest anamorphic fungi genera: Aspergillus and Penicillium . Many from this family have been causing food degradation, biodeterioration, animal pathologies, and some species have also been used in biotechnology as well as being responsible for mycotoxins production. This survey was carried out from 2006 to 2007 on approximately 20 years old Pinus ( Pinus elliotti ) and Corymbia ( Corymbia citriodora ) two plantation areas at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At each litter area, around 500 m 2 , parcel was set up where 10 single samples at 70 days interval were randomly sampled. Soil temperatures by digital geothermometer at sampling point time were measured. Pluviometric precipitation annual environmental temperature during the research were also quantified. Soil temperature ranging from 21.93 to 27.69 C at pinus area as well as from 22.22 to 26.58 o C at Corymbia one was reported. The monthly minimum relative humidity was 27.2/20.5 and maximum 82.6/63.2 as well as greatest precipitation levels for 22 days in January was observed. In relation to mycobiota, an increasing colony unit formation (CFU) difference at highest temperature and relative humidity ranging from 12.8 to 58.2 and 20.3 to 83.3 x 10 3 for Corymbia and pinus was reported. Fungi records total number presented 190 isolated ones from five genera and 54 different species: 32 Penicillium spp., 19 Aspergillus spp., one Eupenicillium javanicu , one Eurotium chevalieri and one Sclerocleista ornate , at all. The most abundant species was Penicillium decumbens , found in all samples. The periods of greatest concentration of CFU are correlated with periods of rain, humidity and temperature. Climatic variables as precipitation and temperature have been the elements which influenced the soil mycobiota changing the most.
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Diversidade de Trichocomaceae isoladas de solo em dois ecossistemas florestais.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010Co-Authors: Marcelo Elias Fraga, Marcos Gervasio Pereira, Deivison Jesus Barbosa, Maruzanete Pereira MeloAbstract:A família Trichocomaceae inclui os gêneros de fungos anamórficos, Aspergillus e Penicillium. Muitos membros dessa família são importantes causadores de degradação de alimentos, biodeterioração, patogênicos a animais, e algumas espécies são usadas em biotecnologia e podem produzir micotoxinas. O presente trabalho foi realizado em duas áreas, durante o período de um ano (2006-2007) com coletas em área de plantio de pinus (Pinus elliotti) e Corymbia (Corymbia citriodora) com idade aproximada de 20 anos, no campus da UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Na área de cada cobertura vegetal foi estabelecida uma parcela de aproximadamente 500 m2, onde foram coletadas aleatoriamente dez amostras simples, em intervalos regulares de 70 dias. No momento da coleta foram medidas as temperaturas do solo com geotermômetro digital. Durante o de estudo também foi quantificada a precipitação pluviométrica e a temperatura ambiente. No período, foi verificada uma pequena variação da temperatura do solo nas áreas, valores de 21,93 a 27,69oC na área de pinus e 22,22 a 26,58oC na área de Corymbia. A variação mensal da umidade relativa mínima foi de 27,2/20,5 e máxima de 82,6/63,2 e os maiores valores de precipitação observados foi no mês de janeiro (22 dias). Em relação à micobiota, foi observada uma variação crescente da unidade formadora de colônia (UFC) nos período de maior temperatura e umidade relativa com índices variando de 12,8/58,2 e 20,3/83,3x103 para Corymbia e pinus respectivamente. O número total de fungos foi de 190 isolados, pertencentes a cinco gêneros e 54 espécies diferente, sendo 32 Penicillium spp., 19 Aspergillus spp., um Eupenicillium javanicu, um Eurotium chevalieri e um Sclerocleista ornata. A espécie mais abundante foi Penicillium decumbens, sendo encontrada em todas as coletas. Os períodos de maior concentração de UFC estão correlacionados com os períodos de chuva, umidade relativa e temperatura. As variáveis climáticas precipitação e temperatura foram os fatores que mais influenciaram na sucessão da micobiota no solo.
Robert A Samson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogeny of penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families
Studies in Mycology, 2011Co-Authors: Jos Houbraken, Robert A SamsonAbstract:Abstract Species of Trichocomaceae occur commonly and are important to both industry and medicine. They are associated with food spoilage and mycotoxin production and can occur in the indoor environment, causing health hazards by the formation of β-glucans, mycotoxins and surface proteins. Some species are opportunistic pathogens, while others are exploited in biotechnology for the production of enzymes, antibiotics and other products. Penicillium belongs phylogenetically to Trichocomaceae and more than 250 species are currently accepted in this genus. In this study, we investigated the relationship of Penicillium to other genera of Trichocomaceae and studied in detail the phylogeny of the genus itself. In order to study these relationships, partial RPB1, RPB2 (RNA polymerase II genes), Tsr1 (putative ribosome biogenesis protein) and Cct8 (putative chaperonin complex component TCP-1) gene sequences were obtained. The Trichocomaceae are divided in three separate families: Aspergillaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Aspergillaceae are characterised by the formation flask-shaped or cylindrical phialides, asci produced inside cleistothecia or surrounded by Hulle cells and mainly ascospores with a furrow or slit, while the Trichocomaceae are defined by the formation of lanceolate phialides, asci borne within a tuft or layer of loose hyphae and ascospores lacking a slit. Thermoascus and Paecilomyces, both members of Thermoascaceae, also form ascospores lacking a furrow or slit, but are differentiated from Trichocomaceae by the production of asci from croziers and their thermotolerant or thermophilic nature. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Penicillium is polyphyletic. The genus is re-defined and a monophyletic genus for both anamorphs and teleomorphs is created (Penicillium sensu stricto). The genera Thysanophora, Eupenicillium, Chromocleista, Hemicarpenteles and Torulomyces belong in Penicilliums. str. and new combinations for the species belonging to these genera are proposed. Analysis of Penicillium below genus rank revealed the presence of 25 clades. A new classification system including both anamorph and teleomorph species is proposed and these 25 clades are treated here as sections. An overview of species belonging to each section is presented. Taxonomic novelties: New sections, all in Penicillium: sect. Sclerotiora Houbraken & Samson, sect. Charlesia Houbraken & Samson, sect. Thysanophora Houbraken & Samson, sect. Ochrosalmonea Houbraken & Samson, sect. Cinnamopurpurea Houbraken & Samson, Fracta Houbraken & Samson, sect. Stolkia Houbraken & Samson, sect. Gracilenta Houbraken & Samson, sect. Citrina Houbraken & Samson, sect. Turbata Houbraken & Samson, sect. Paradoxa Houbraken & Samson, sect. Canescentia Houbraken & Samson. New combinations: Penicillium asymmetricum (Subramanian & Sudha) Houbraken & Samson, P. bovifimosum (Tuthill & Frisvad) Houbraken & Samson, P. glaucoalbidum (Desmazieres) Houbraken & Samson, P. laeve (K. Ando & Manoch) Houbraken & Samson, P. longisporum (Kendrick) Houbraken & Samson, P. malachiteum (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Houbraken & Samson, P. ovatum (K. Ando & Nawawi) Houbraken & Samson, P. parviverrucosum (K. Ando & Pitt) Houbraken & Samson, P. saturniforme (Wang & Zhuang) Houbraken & Samson, P. taiwanense (Matsushima) Houbraken & Samson. New names: Penicillium coniferophilum Houbraken & Samson, P. hennebertii Houbraken & Samson, P. melanostipe Houbraken & Samson, P. porphyreum Houbraken & Samson.
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phylogeny of penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families
Studies in Mycology, 2011Co-Authors: Jos Houbraken, Robert A SamsonAbstract:UNLABELLED: Species of Trichocomaceae occur commonly and are important to both industry and medicine. They are associated with food spoilage and mycotoxin production and can occur in the indoor environment, causing health hazards by the formation of β-glucans, mycotoxins and surface proteins. Some species are opportunistic pathogens, while others are exploited in biotechnology for the production of enzymes, antibiotics and other products. Penicillium belongs phylogenetically to Trichocomaceae and more than 250 species are currently accepted in this genus. In this study, we investigated the relationship of Penicillium to other genera of Trichocomaceae and studied in detail the phylogeny of the genus itself. In order to study these relationships, partial RPB1, RPB2 (RNA polymerase II genes), Tsr1 (putative ribosome biogenesis protein) and Cct8 (putative chaperonin complex component TCP-1) gene sequences were obtained. The Trichocomaceae are divided in three separate families: Aspergillaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Aspergillaceae are characterised by the formation flask-shaped or cylindrical phialides, asci produced inside cleistothecia or surrounded by Hulle cells and mainly ascospores with a furrow or slit, while the Trichocomaceae are defined by the formation of lanceolate phialides, asci borne within a tuft or layer of loose hyphae and ascospores lacking a slit. Thermoascus and Paecilomyces, both members of Thermoascaceae, also form ascospores lacking a furrow or slit, but are differentiated from Trichocomaceae by the production of asci from croziers and their thermotolerant or thermophilic nature. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Penicillium is polyphyletic. The genus is re-defined and a monophyletic genus for both anamorphs and teleomorphs is created (Penicillium sensu stricto). The genera Thysanophora, Eupenicillium, Chromocleista, Hemicarpenteles and Torulomyces belong in Penicilliums. str. and new combinations for the species belonging to these genera are proposed. Analysis of Penicillium below genus rank revealed the presence of 25 clades. A new classification system including both anamorph and teleomorph species is proposed and these 25 clades are treated here as sections. An overview of species belonging to each section is presented. TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES: New sections, all in Penicillium: sect. Sclerotiora Houbraken & Samson, sect. Charlesia Houbraken & Samson, sect. Thysanophora Houbraken & Samson,sect. Ochrosalmonea Houbraken & Samson, sect. Cinnamopurpurea Houbraken & Samson, Fracta Houbraken & Samson, sect. Stolkia Houbraken & Samson, sect. Gracilenta Houbraken & Samson, sect. Citrina Houbraken & Samson, sect. Turbata Houbraken & Samson, sect. Paradoxa Houbraken & Samson, sect. Canescentia Houbraken & Samson. New combinations:Penicillium asymmetricum (Subramanian & Sudha) Houbraken & Samson, P. bovifimosum (Tuthill & Frisvad) Houbraken & Samson, P. glaucoalbidum (Desmazieres) Houbraken & Samson, P. laeve (K. Ando & Manoch) Houbraken & Samson, P. longisporum (Kendrick) Houbraken & Samson, P. malachiteum (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Houbraken & Samson, P. ovatum (K. Ando & Nawawi) Houbraken & Samson, P. parviverrucosum (K. Ando & Pitt) Houbraken & Samson, P. saturniforme (Wang & Zhuang) Houbraken & Samson, P. taiwanense (Matsushima) Houbraken & Samson. New names:Penicillium coniferophilum Houbraken & Samson, P. hennebertii Houbraken & Samson, P. melanostipe Houbraken & Samson, P. porphyreum Houbraken & Samson.
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The polyphyletic nature of Paecilomyces sensu lato based on 18S-generated rDNA phylogeny
Mycologia, 2004Co-Authors: J Jennifer Luangsa-ard, Nigel L Hywel-jones, Robert A SamsonAbstract:Nuclear-encoded small-subunit ribosomal DNA was used to examine phylogenetic relationships in Paecilomyces sensu lato. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S nr DNA demonstrates that Paecilomyces is polyphyletic across two subclasses, Sordariomycetidae and Eurotiomycetidae. The type species, Paecilomyces variotii, and thermophilic relatives belong in the order Eurotiales (Trichocomaceae), while mesophilic species related to Paecilomyces farinosus are in the order Hypocreales (Clavicipitaceae and Hypocreaceae). One species, Paecilomyces inflatus, had affinities for the order Sordariales. Within the Eurotiales, Paecilomyces is monophyletic. Within the Hypocreales, species of Paecilomyces are polyphyletic, although the data failed to fully resolve these relationships.
