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Akiyoshi Yamada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spore germination and ectomycorrhizae formation of Tricholoma Matsutake on pine root systems with previously established ectomycorrhizae from a dikaryotic mycelial isolate of T. Matsutake
Mycorrhiza, 2021Co-Authors: Yuka Horimai, Masaki Fukuda, Hiroki Misawa, Kentaro Suzuki, Yu Tateishi, Hitoshi Furukawa, Takashi Yamanaka, Shozo Yamashita, Toshiharu Takayama, Akiyoshi YamadaAbstract:In vitro ectomycorrhizal synthesis of Tricholoma Matsutake with host plants has been widely conducted to elucidate fungal symbiotic properties for future cultivation practices. Here, we report on the importance of basidiospore inocula for this fungus to provide ectomycorrhizal seedlings in vitro. Ectomycorrhizal pine seedlings synthesized in vitro with cultured mycelium of T. Matsutake (isolate #45 or #84) in a 250-mL culture vessel (soil volume) were transplanted to a large 1-L culture vessel. Fresh basidiospores of this fungus were aseptically inoculated on the ectomycorrhizal root system. The ectomycorrhizal seedlings in the 1-L vessel were grown for 9 months, and some plants were further grown for 6 more months under non-aseptic conditions in 4.1-L jars. The ectomycorrhizal seedlings previously inoculated with isolate #84 in the 1-L vessel showed significant ectomycorrhizal biomass (mycorrhizal root length) after spore inoculation. The ectomycorrhizal seedlings in the 4.1-L vessel showed large shiro structures (> 10 cm in diameter). PCR amplification of intergenic spacer 1 of the rRNA gene and long terminal repeat retroelement of T. Matsutake in ectomycorrhizal root tips in both the 1-L vessels and 4.1-L jars revealed the presence of amplicons of the previously inoculated culture isolate of T. Matsutake and the new genet(s) that established via germination of the inoculated basidiospores. This is the first report that inoculated basidiospores of T. Matsutake germinated and colonized the host root to generate ectomycorrhizae in vitro.
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biogeography of the japanese gourmet fungus Tricholoma Matsutake a review of the distribution and functional ecology of Matsutake
2017Co-Authors: Lu-min Vaario, Xuefei Yang, Akiyoshi YamadaAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake (S. Ito & S. Imai) Singer is an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete that produces highly prized mushrooms known as ‘true Matsutake’. Recent research has shown that T. Matsutake has a wide but patchy distribution in temperate and boreal forests of Eurasia and subtropical China in association with Pinus, Picea, Tsuga, Abies and even fagaceous broadleaves. Molecular analyses of the microbial communities living in shiro soil have been made in certain locations, but their generality has yet to be determined systematically and across the entire range. Variation in fruiting in relation to climate and geography has improved our understanding of Matsutake phenology, and important in-roads have been made into its ecology over the past 15 years. T. Matsutake is a commercially-important fungal species that plays a significant role in the functional diversity of forests in the Northern Hemisphere, but much remains to be learned about this enigmatic taxon.
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ectomycorrhization of Tricholoma Matsutake with abies veitchii and tsuga diversifolia in the subalpine forests of japan
Mycoscience, 2015Co-Authors: Naoki Endo, Masaki Fukuda, Yuka Horimai, Preeyaporn Dokmai, Nuttika Suwannasai, Cherdchai Phosri, Nobuhiro Hirai, Akiyoshi YamadaAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake is one of the most highly valued ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, primarily associated with conifers. Here, we examined the association of T. Matsutake with hemlock and fir species native to the subalpine forests of Japan. Basidiomata of T. Matsutake were harvested from the forests of Honshu Island, Japan, along with two soil samples directly beneath the basidiomata; ectomycorrhizal root tips were also collected, and used for fungal isolation and molecular analyses. Mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from the roots of Abies veitchii (Veitch's fir) and Tsuga diversifolia (northern Japanese hemlock). These fungi were identified as T. Matsutake based upon their production of whitish mycelial colonies on nutrient agar media, and confirmed using molecular analyses; the ectomycorrhizal association between T. Matsutake and A. veitchii was also confirmed by mycorrhizal synthesis in vitro. This work represents the first description of T. Matsutake ectomycorrhizations with Abies and Tsuga species, as well as a detailed morphological description of these associations.
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Tricholoma Matsutake y1 strain associated with pinus densiflora shows a gradient of in vitro ectomycorrhizal specificity with pinaceae and oak hosts
Mycoscience, 2014Co-Authors: Akiyoshi Yamada, Hitoshi Murata, Naoki Endo, Akira Ohta, Masaki FukudaAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake produces commercially valuable yet uncultivable Matsutake mushrooms during an ectomycorrhizal association with coniferous trees. In the Far East, most Matsutake are harvested in managed Pinus densiflora forests. To determine whether T. Matsutake has host plant specificity, we synthesized mycorrhiza in vitro between T. Matsutake Y1 that originated from a P. densiflora forest and various Pinaceae and oak hosts. The strain Y1 formed a continuous Hartig net, a sign of ectomycorrhization, in the lateral roots of Pinus sylvestris, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus parviflora var. pentaphylla, Picea glehnii, Picea abies, and Tsuga diversifolia seedlings in vitro, which resembled those formed with the natural host Pinus densiflora. The strain conferred a discontinuous Hartig net with Pinus thunbergii, Picea yezoensis, Abies veitchii, and Larix kaempferi. However, no such development by this strain was observed on the roots of Quercus serrata, unlike T. bakaMatsutake B1, a false Matsutake that is symbiotic with oak trees. The data suggest that T. Matsutake can be associated with diverse conifers but may establish ectomycorrhizal relationships only with specific host plant species.
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root endophyte interaction between ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma Matsutake and arbuscular mycorrhizal tree cedrela odorata allowing in vitro synthesis of rhizospheric shiro
Mycorrhiza, 2013Co-Authors: Hitoshi Murata, Akiyoshi Yamada, Naoki Endo, Tsuyoshi Maruyama, Kohei Yamamoto, Tatsuro Ohira, Tomoko ShimokawaAbstract:The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma Matsutake associates with members of the Pinaceae such as Pinus densiflora (red pine), forming a rhizospheric colony or “shiro,” which produces the prized “Matsutake” mushroom. We investigated whether the host specificity of T. Matsutake to conifers is innately determined using somatic plants of Cedrela odorata, a tropical broad-leaved tree (Meliaceae) that naturally harbors arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We found that T. Matsutake could form in vitro shiro with C. odorata 140 days after inoculation, as with P. densiflora. The shiro was typically aromatic like that of P. densiflora. However, this was a root endophytic interaction unlike the mycorrhizal association with P. densiflora. Infected plants had epidermal tissues and thick exodermal tissues outside the inner cortex. The mycelial sheath surrounded the outside of the epidermis, and the hyphae penetrated into intra- and intercellular spaces, often forming hyphal bundles or a pseudoparenchymatous organization. However, the hyphae grew only in the direction of vascular bundles and did not form Hartig nets. Tricholoma fulvocastaneum or “false Matsutake” naturally associates with Fagaceae and was also able to associate with C. odorata as a root endophyte. With T. Matsutake, C. odorata generated a number of roots and showed greatly enhanced vigor, while with T. fulvocastaneum, it generated a smaller number of roots and showed somewhat lesser vigor. We argue that the host–plant specificity of ectomycorrhizal Matsutake is not innately determined, and that somatic arbuscular mycorrhizal plants have a great potential to form mutualistic relationships with ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Lu-min Vaario - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS Tricholoma Matsutake IS CAPABLE OF FACULTATIVE SAPROTROPHY
2020Co-Authors: Lu-min Vaario, Jussi Heinonsalo, Taina Pennanen, Peter Spetz, Hannu FritzeAbstract:ABSTRACT We studied carbon acquisition in Tricholoma Matsutake by combining morphological, chemical and enzymatic experiments conducted both in the laboratory and natural setting. Associations between host plants and isolates of T. Matsutake from Finland (2) and Japan (1) were confirmed via in vitro formation of ectomycorrhizae (ECM). Chemical properties and enzyme-activity rates were determined for samples of mycelia-soil aggregation (shiro) collected from sites of sporocarp formation and nearby control spots. Annual growth and seasonal changes in tissue and ECM health were monitored in a natural population of Matsutake. Finally, several organic substrates were evaluated as the sole carbon source for T. Matsutake growing in vitro and according to the most active enzymes in the shiro. Matsutake formed typical ECM with the conifers Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies but did not form associations with Silver Birch (Betula pendula). Finnish isolates formed ECM on both conifers but the Japanese strain was less compatible, with only a partial Hartig net being observed in P. sylvestris. Saprotrophic feeding of the Japanese isolate was observed in culture with P. abies. Preferred organic carbon sources and enzyme activities in vitro corresponded to those observed in the shiro. Enzyme assays confirmed the presence and increased production of organic carbon degradation related enzymes during sporocarp formation, when ECM root tips were necrotic. Mycelial growth on culture media consisting of complex polysaccharides was similar to that composed of simple sugars (e.g., glucose). In addition to its typical life strategy as an ECM symbiont, results suggest that T. Matsutake can exist as a saprotroph
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Tricholoma Matsutake may take more nitrogen in the organic form than other ectomycorrhizal fungi for its sporocarp development the isotopic evidence
Mycorrhiza, 2019Co-Authors: Maki Narimatsu, Lu-min Vaario, Mariko Norisada, Norihisa MatsushitaAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus capable of in vitro saprotrophic growth, but the sources of C and N used to generate sporocarps in vivo are not well understood. We examined natural abundance isotope data to investigate this phenomenon. For this purpose, C, N and their stable isotopes (13C, 15N) content of fungal sporocarps and their potential nutrient sources (i.e., foliage, litter, fine roots, wood, and soil) were investigated from two well-studied sites in Finland and Japan. Our results show that δ13C values of T. Matsutake and other fungal groups are consistent with those of most studies, but a very high δ15N value (16.8‰ ± 2.3) is observed in T. Matsutake. Such isotopic pattern of fungal δ15N suggests that Matsutake has a greater proteolytic potential to digest chemically complex 15N-enriched organic matter and hydrophobic hyphae. This assumption is further supported by a significant and positive correlation between δ13Ccap–stipe and δ15Ncap–stipe exclusively in T. Matsutake, which suggests common C and N sources (protein) possible for isotopically enriched cap. The 13C increase of caps relative to stipe presumably reflects greater contents of 13C-enriched protein than 13C-depleted chitin. We conclude that T. Matsutake is a typical ECM fungus which obtains for its sporocarp development for both C and N from a common protein source (vs. photosynthetic carbon) present in soil organic matter.
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microsatellite markers for the prized Matsutake mushroom Tricholoma Matsutake Tricholomataceae
Applications in Plant Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Jianwen Li, Shujiao Yang, Lu-min Vaario, Youjie Zhao, Xuefei YangAbstract:Premise of the Study: Novel and cost-effective microsatellite markers were developed to explore the population genetics, biogeographic structure, and evolutionary history of the prized Euro-Asian wild edible ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma Matsutake (Tricholomataceae). Methods and results: Eighteen new polymorphic simple sequence repeat loci, detected from a microsatellite-enriched genomic library, were used to characterize 131 individuals from eight T. Matsutake populations. The number of alleles ranged from two to 10, with averages of 1.42 to 3.22. Levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00-1.00 and from 0.00-0.83, with mean values of 0.21 and 0.26, respectively. In total, 50% of the loci showed interspecific transferability and polymorphism in the related species T. equestre. Conclusions: These newly developed markers will aid research into the genetic diversity and population structure of T. Matsutake. They can also be used in other species of Tricholoma.
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biogeography of the japanese gourmet fungus Tricholoma Matsutake a review of the distribution and functional ecology of Matsutake
2017Co-Authors: Lu-min Vaario, Xuefei Yang, Akiyoshi YamadaAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake (S. Ito & S. Imai) Singer is an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete that produces highly prized mushrooms known as ‘true Matsutake’. Recent research has shown that T. Matsutake has a wide but patchy distribution in temperate and boreal forests of Eurasia and subtropical China in association with Pinus, Picea, Tsuga, Abies and even fagaceous broadleaves. Molecular analyses of the microbial communities living in shiro soil have been made in certain locations, but their generality has yet to be determined systematically and across the entire range. Variation in fruiting in relation to climate and geography has improved our understanding of Matsutake phenology, and important in-roads have been made into its ecology over the past 15 years. T. Matsutake is a commercially-important fungal species that plays a significant role in the functional diversity of forests in the Northern Hemisphere, but much remains to be learned about this enigmatic taxon.
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The ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma Matsutake is a facultative saprotroph in vitro
Mycorrhiza, 2012Co-Authors: Lu-min Vaario, Jussi Heinonsalo, Taina Pennanen, Jaakko Heinonen, Arja Tervahauta, Peter Spetz, Hannu FritzeAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake is an economically important ectomycorrhizal fungus of coniferous woodlands. Mycologists suspect that this fungus is also capable of saprotrophic feeding. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, enzyme and chemical assays were performed in the field and laboratory. From a natural population of T. Matsutake in southern Finland, samples of soil–mycelium aggregate (shiro) were taken from sites of sporocarp formation and nearby control (PCR-negative) spots. Soil organic carbon and activity rates of hemicellulolytic enzymes were measured. The productivity of T. Matsutake was related to the amount of utilizable organic carbon in the shiro, where the activity of xylosidase was significantly higher than in the control sample. In the laboratory, sterile pieces of bark from the roots of Scots pine were inoculated with T. Matsutake and the activity rates of two hemicellulolytic enzymes (xylosidase and glucuronidase) were assayed. Furthermore, a liquid culture system showed how T. Matsutake can utilize hemicellulose as its sole carbon source. Results linked and quantified the general relationship between enzymes secreted by T. Matsutake and the degradation of hemicellulose. Our findings suggest that T. Matsutake lives mainly as an ectomycorrhizal symbiont but can also feed as a saprotroph. A flexible trophic ecology confers T. Matsutake with a clear advantage in a heterogeneous environment and during sporocarp formation.
Seung-yoon Oh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diversity and effect of trichoderma isolated from the roots of pinus densiflora within the fairy ring of pine mushroom Tricholoma Matsutake
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Seung-yoon Oh, Myung Soo ParkAbstract:: Pine mushroom (PM, Tricholoma Matsutake) is an important ectomycorrhizal fungus in Asia primarily due to its value as a food delicacy. Recent studies have shown that fairy rings of PM have distinctive fungal communities, which suggests that other fungi influence the growth of PM. Trichoderma is a well-known saprotrophic fungus commonly found in pine roots within PM fairy rings; however, little is known about the diversity of Trichoderma associated with PM and how these species influence PM growth. This study focused on diversity of Trichoderma isolated from pine roots within PM fairy rings and how these species affect the growth of PM isolate. Based on tef1a phylogenetic analyses, nine Trichoderma species (261 isolates) were identified. Trichoderma songyi and T. spirale were the dominant species, and Trichoderma community varied geographically. Growth experiments indicated that metabolites from five Trichoderma species had a significant influence on the growth of PM isolates. Metabolites of two Trichoderma species increased PM growth, while those of three Trichoderma species suppressed the growth. Within the fairy rings, Trichoderma that had a positive or neutral effect comprised the majority of Trichoderma communities. The results of this study suggest that various Trichoderma species co-exist within PM fairy rings and that these species influence PM growth.
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root associated bacteria influencing mycelial growth of Tricholoma Matsutake pine mushroom
Journal of Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Seung-yoon OhAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal fungus usually associated with Pinus densiflora in South Korea. Fruiting bodies (mushrooms) of T. Matsutake are economically important due to their attractive aroma; yet, T. Matsutake is uncultivatable and its habitat is rapidly being eradicated due to global climate change. Root-associated bacteria can influence the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in the host rhizosphere and distinctive bacterial communities are associated with T. Matsutake. In this study, we investigated how these bacterial communities affect T. Matsutake growth by isolating bacteria from the roots of P. densiflora colonized by ectomycorrhizae of T. Matsutake and co-culturing rootassociated bacteria with T. Matsutake isolates. Thirteen species of bacteria (27 isolates) were found in pine roots, all belonging to the orders Bacillales or Burkholderiales. Two species in the genus Paenibacillus promoted the growth of T. Matsutake in glucose poor conditions, likely using soluble metabolites. In contrast, other bacteria suppressed the growth of T. Matsutake using both soluble and volatile metabolites. Antifungal activity was more frequent in glucose poor conditions. In general, pine rhizospheres harbored many bacteria that had a negative impact on T. Matsutake growth and the few Paenibacillus species that promoted T. Matsutake growth. Paenibacillus species, therefore, may represent a promising resource toward successful cultivation of T. Matsutake.
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effect of fruiting body bacteria on the growth of Tricholoma Matsutake and its related molds
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Seung-yoon Oh, John A. EimesAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake (pine mushroom, PM) is a prized mushroom in Asia due to its unique flavor and pine aroma. The fruiting body of PM forms only in its natural habitat (pine forest), and little is known regarding the natural conditions required for successful generation of the fruiting bodies in this species. Recent studies suggest that microbial interactions may be associated with the growth of PM; however, there have been few studies of the bacterial effects on PM growth. In this study, we surveyed which bacteria can directly and indirectly promote the growth of PM by using co-cultures with PM and molds associated with the fruiting body. Among 16 bacterial species isolated from the fruiting body, some species significantly influenced the mycelial growth of PM and molds. Most bacteria negatively affected PM growth and exhibited various enzyme activities, which suggests that they use the fruiting body as nutrient source. However, growth-promoting bacteria belonging to the Dietzia, Ewingella, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, and Rodococcus were also found. In addition, many bacteria suppressed molds, which suggests an indirect positive effect on PM as a biocontrol agent. Our results provide important insights toward a better understanding of the microbial interactions in the fruiting body of PM, and indicate that growth-promoting bacteria may be an important component in successful cultivation of PM.
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distinctive feature of microbial communities and bacterial functional profiles in Tricholoma Matsutake dominant soil
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Seung-yoon Oh, Jonathan J Fong, Myung Soo ParkAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake, the pine mushroom, is a valuable forest product with high economic value in Asia, and plays an important ecological role as an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Around the host tree, T. Matsutake hyphae generate a distinctive soil aggregating environment called a fairy ring, where fruiting bodies form. Because T. Matsutake hyphae dominate the soil near the fairy ring, this species has the potential to influence the microbial community. To explore the influence of T. Matsutake on the microbial communities, we compared the microbial community and predicted bacterial function between two different soil types—T. Matsutake dominant and T. Matsutake minor. DNA sequence analyses showed that fungal and bacterial diversity were lower in the T. Matsutake dominant soil compared to T. Matsutake minor soil. Some microbial taxa were significantly more common in the T. Matsutake dominant soil across geographic locations, many of which were previously identified as mycophillic or mycorrhiza helper bacteria. Between the two soil types, the predicted bacterial functional profiles (using PICRUSt) had significantly distinct KEGG modules. Modules for amino acid uptake, carbohydrate metabolism, and the type III secretion system were higher in the T. Matsutake dominant soil than in the T. Matsutake minor soil. Overall, similar microbial diversity, community structure, and bacterial functional profiles of the T. Matsutake dominant soil across geographic locations suggest that T. Matsutake may generate a dominance effect.
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Trichoderma songyi sp. nov., a new species associated with the pine mushroom (Tricholoma Matsutake)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2014Co-Authors: Myung Soo Park, Seung-yoon Oh, Jonathan J Fong, Woo-jae CheonAbstract:A new species, Trichoderma songyi , was found to be associated with the pine mushroom ( Tricholoma Matsutake ) in Korea. This species was isolated from three different substrates: Tricholoma Matsutake basidiomata, as well as roots of Pinus densiflora and soil in the fairy ring. Based on its molecular and phenotypic characteristics, we demonstrate that Trichoderma songyi is unique and distinguishable from closely related species. We performed phylogenetic analyses based on two molecular markers, the genes for both translation elongation factor 1-alpha and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Trichoderma songyi is closely related to Trichoderma koningii aggregate and Trichoderma caerulescens . Morphologically, Trichoderma songyi can be distinguished from these closely related taxa by its growth rates, colony morphology on PDA in darkness, and coconut-like odour. Due to the economic importance of the pine mushroom, the relationship between Trichoderma songyi and Tricholoma Matsutake should be studied further.
Hitoshi Murata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Agar plate assays using dye-linked substrates differentiate members of Tricholoma sect. Caligata, ectomycorrhizal symbionts represented by Tricholoma Matsutake
Mycoscience, 2017Co-Authors: Tomoko Shimokawa, Muneyoshi Yamaguchi, Hitoshi MurataAbstract:Abstract Tricholoma Matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that produces the prized mushrooms “Matsutake” in association with the Pinaceae. Other species of Tricholoma sect. Caligata are also ectomycorrhizal symbionts that produce a variety of “ quasi -Matsutake” mushrooms. Here we developed agar plate assays using the dye-linked substrates azurine-crosslinked (AZCL) hydroxyethyl cellulose and AZCL-amylose to differentiate T. Matsutake strains and related species based on their polysaccharide-degrading activities. This method may be useful for screening strains that adapt well to spawn cultivation for mushroom fruiting.
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Tricholoma Matsutake y1 strain associated with pinus densiflora shows a gradient of in vitro ectomycorrhizal specificity with pinaceae and oak hosts
Mycoscience, 2014Co-Authors: Akiyoshi Yamada, Hitoshi Murata, Naoki Endo, Akira Ohta, Masaki FukudaAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake produces commercially valuable yet uncultivable Matsutake mushrooms during an ectomycorrhizal association with coniferous trees. In the Far East, most Matsutake are harvested in managed Pinus densiflora forests. To determine whether T. Matsutake has host plant specificity, we synthesized mycorrhiza in vitro between T. Matsutake Y1 that originated from a P. densiflora forest and various Pinaceae and oak hosts. The strain Y1 formed a continuous Hartig net, a sign of ectomycorrhization, in the lateral roots of Pinus sylvestris, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus parviflora var. pentaphylla, Picea glehnii, Picea abies, and Tsuga diversifolia seedlings in vitro, which resembled those formed with the natural host Pinus densiflora. The strain conferred a discontinuous Hartig net with Pinus thunbergii, Picea yezoensis, Abies veitchii, and Larix kaempferi. However, no such development by this strain was observed on the roots of Quercus serrata, unlike T. bakaMatsutake B1, a false Matsutake that is symbiotic with oak trees. The data suggest that T. Matsutake can be associated with diverse conifers but may establish ectomycorrhizal relationships only with specific host plant species.
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root endophyte interaction between ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma Matsutake and arbuscular mycorrhizal tree cedrela odorata allowing in vitro synthesis of rhizospheric shiro
Mycorrhiza, 2013Co-Authors: Hitoshi Murata, Akiyoshi Yamada, Naoki Endo, Tsuyoshi Maruyama, Kohei Yamamoto, Tatsuro Ohira, Tomoko ShimokawaAbstract:The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma Matsutake associates with members of the Pinaceae such as Pinus densiflora (red pine), forming a rhizospheric colony or “shiro,” which produces the prized “Matsutake” mushroom. We investigated whether the host specificity of T. Matsutake to conifers is innately determined using somatic plants of Cedrela odorata, a tropical broad-leaved tree (Meliaceae) that naturally harbors arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We found that T. Matsutake could form in vitro shiro with C. odorata 140 days after inoculation, as with P. densiflora. The shiro was typically aromatic like that of P. densiflora. However, this was a root endophytic interaction unlike the mycorrhizal association with P. densiflora. Infected plants had epidermal tissues and thick exodermal tissues outside the inner cortex. The mycelial sheath surrounded the outside of the epidermis, and the hyphae penetrated into intra- and intercellular spaces, often forming hyphal bundles or a pseudoparenchymatous organization. However, the hyphae grew only in the direction of vascular bundles and did not form Hartig nets. Tricholoma fulvocastaneum or “false Matsutake” naturally associates with Fagaceae and was also able to associate with C. odorata as a root endophyte. With T. Matsutake, C. odorata generated a number of roots and showed greatly enhanced vigor, while with T. fulvocastaneum, it generated a smaller number of roots and showed somewhat lesser vigor. We argue that the host–plant specificity of ectomycorrhizal Matsutake is not innately determined, and that somatic arbuscular mycorrhizal plants have a great potential to form mutualistic relationships with ectomycorrhizal fungi.
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in vitro ectomycorrhizal specificity between the asian red pine pinus densiflora and Tricholoma Matsutake and allied species from worldwide pinaceae and fagaceae forests
Mycorrhiza, 2010Co-Authors: Akiyoshi Yamada, Hisayasu Kobayashi, Hitoshi Murata, Erbil Kalmis, Fatih Kalyoncu, Masaki FukudaAbstract:Tricholoma Matsutake produces commercially valuable, yet uncultivable, mushrooms (Matsutake) in association with pines in the Far East and Scandinavia and with both pines and oaks in the foothills of Tibet. Other Matsutake mushrooms, such as Tricholoma anatolicum from the Mediterranean regions and Tricholoma magnivelare and Tricholoma sp. from the North Pacific Coast area of Canada and North America as well as Mexico, respectively, are associated with pines or oaks in their natural habitats. Tricholoma bakaMatsutake and Tricholoma fulvocastaneum from Asia produce moderately valuable Matsutake mushrooms and are solely associated with Fagaceae in nature. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that Matsutake mushrooms from Scandinavia, Mediterranean regions, North America, and Tibet form ectomycorrhizae with Pinus densiflora similar to the Far East T. Matsutake. In general, worldwide T. Matsutake and the symbionts of Pinaceae colonize the rhizospheres of P. densiflora as well as T. Matsutake isolated from the host plant. However, T. fulvocastaneum and T. bakaMatsutake formed a discontinuous Hartig net and no Hartig net, respectively, and colonized to a lesser extent as compared to T. Matsutake. The data suggest that conifer-associated Matsutake mushrooms in their native habitat will associate symbiotically with the Asian red pine.
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traceability of asian Matsutake specialty mushrooms produced by the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma Matsutake on the basis of retroelement based dna markers
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Hitoshi Murata, Akiyoshi Yamada, Katsuhiko Babasaki, Tomoki Saegusa, Kenji Takemoto, Akira OhtaAbstract:The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma Matsutake produces commercially valuable fruit bodies, Matsutake, in forests. Here we report a PCR system targeting retroelement integration sites to differentiate among individual Asian isolates of T. Matsutake based on their geographical origins, such as Japan, the area of South Korea through North Korea, the northeastern provinces of China, and the area of the southwestern provinces of China through Bhutan. The overall misjudgment rate of the analytical system was approximately 5% based on 95 samples of T. Matsutake examined including those from cultures and from commodities. We also provide evidence that T. Matsutake isolates grown throughout the Far East, including the northeastern provinces of China, are closely related to each other while distinct from those in the area of the southwestern provinces of China through Bhutan. The method allows us to trace back geographical origins of Asian Matsutake, thus contributing to food safety, appropriate tariffs, and proper price setting.
Hyungkyoon Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of umami taste active components in the pileus and stipe of pine mushrooms Tricholoma Matsutake sing of different grades
Food Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hyungkyoon ChoiAbstract:Abstract Umami-taste active components in pine-mushrooms ( Tricholoma Matsutake Sing.) were compared according to different grades (first, second, third, and fourth) and parts (pileus and stipe). The contents of umami-taste active free amino acids, such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid, decreased in the order of second grade > third grade > fourth grade > first grade. Also, the contents of umami-taste active 5′-nucleotides were highest and lowest in pine-mushrooms of second and first grades, respectively. All the contents of umami-taste active amino acids and 5′-nucleotides were higher in the pileus than in the stipe, irrespective of pine-mushroom grades. Equivalent umami concentration values of pine-mushrooms ranged from 13.26 (in the stipe of first grade) to 204.26 g (in the pileus of second grade) per 100 g. All the quantitative data obtained in this study are highly consistent with our previously data on umami sensory intensities of pine-mushrooms.
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volatiles and key odorants in the pileus and stipe of pine mushroom Tricholoma Matsutake sing
Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: H J Namgung, Hyungkyoon ChoiAbstract:Abstract The pileus and stipe of pine-mushroom ( Tricholoma Matsutake Sing.) were compared for differences in their profiles of volatiles and key odorants. We identified 24 and 21 volatile components in the pileus and in the stipe of pine-mushrooms, of which 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester (methyl cinnamate) and 1-octen-3-ol were most abundant, respectively. The C 8 components, such as 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, and ( E )-2-octen-1-ol, were more prevalent in the stipe than in the pileus. On the other hand, 1-octen-3-one (mushroom-like) was the most potent key odorant in both the pileus and the stipe. The flavor dilution (FD) factors of 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom-like), 3-octanol (mushroom-like/buttery), ( E )-2-octen-1-ol (mushroom-like), and 3-octanone (mushroom-like/buttery), exhibiting the typical fungal odor note, were higher in the stipe than in the pileus. In contrast, the FD factors of odorants possessing sweet, floral, green, and citrus odor descriptions, such as linalool (sweet and citrus), 2-methyl-butanoic acid ethyl ester (sweet and floral), 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (fresh green), α-terpineol (pine-tree-like), and ( E )-2-decenal (orange-like and fatty), were higher in the pileus than in the stipe.
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differentiation of aroma characteristics of pine mushrooms Tricholoma Matsutake sing of different grades using gas chromatography olfactometry and sensory analysis
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Hyungkyoon ChoiAbstract:Two independent approaches, gas chromatography−olfactometry and sensory analysis, were used to evaluate and compare the aroma characteristics of pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma Matsutake Sing.) of four different grades. The aroma-active compounds responsible for the sensory attributes of pine- mushrooms were investigated based on the correlation between instrumental and sensory analyses through partial least-square regression. Piny, meaty, and floral attributes were strongly correlated with each other and were the most important descriptors for defining the pine-mushrooms of the highest grade, and they decreased as the grade decreased. Among 23 aroma-active compounds, (E)-2-decenal, α-terpineol, phenylethyl alcohol, and 2-methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester contributed most to these attributes. On the other hand, the major aroma characteristics of the pine-mushrooms of the lowest grade were wet soil-like, alcohol, metallic, moldy, and fermented, and they decreased as the grade increased. These aroma characteristic...
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metabolomic discrimination of different grades of pine mushroom Tricholoma Matsutake sing using 1h nmr spectrometry and multivariate data analysis
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2007Co-Authors: In Hee Cho, Youngsuk Kim, Hyungkyoon ChoiAbstract:Abstract Metabolomic analysis of raw and cooked pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma Matsutake Sing.) of different grades was performed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry and principal component analysis (PCA). PCA of the 1H NMR spectra of aqueous fractions allowed different grades of raw pine-mushroom to be discriminated by a combination of principal component (PC) 1 and PC 2, which accounted cumulatively for 94.1% of the variation in all variables. The major peaks in the 1H NMR spectra that contributed to discrimination of raw mushrooms were assigned to choline, trehalose, threonine, leucine/isoleucine, succinic acid, alanine, and fumaric acid. The combination of PC 1 (70.8%) and PC 3 (7.5%) allowed different grades of cooked pine-mushroom to be discriminated, and the major peaks in the 1H NMR spectra that contributed to discrimination of cooked mushrooms were assigned to succinic acid, trehalose, and fumaric acid. This metabolomic analysis-based method allows different grades of pine-mushroom to be distinguished without any prepurification.
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free radical scavenging and inhibition of nitric oxide production by four grades of pine mushroom Tricholoma Matsutake sing
Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Junghye Yoon, So Young Park, Hyungkyoon ChoiAbstract:Fractions from methanol extracts of four grades of pine mushroom (Tricholoma Matsutake Sing.) were evaluated for their free radical-scavenging and inhibition of nitric oxide production, and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated. The fractions from first-grade pine mushroom exhibited the highest degree of free radical-scavenging and inhibition of nitric oxide production among the various grades of mushroom tested, and free radical-scavenging and inhibition of nitric oxide production by the second-, third-, and fourth-grade mushroom fractions were successively lower. The degree of free radical-scavenging by each fraction decreased in the order ethyl acetate > butanol > diethyl ether > water. Inhibition of nitric oxide production by each fraction decreased in the order ethyl acetate > butanol > water. The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of methanol-extracted pine mushroom samples exhibited potential anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects that might be attributable to phenolics or flavonoids.
