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Carlo Crosti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Case Reports. Six cases of infection due to Trichophyton Verrucosum
Mycoses, 2001Co-Authors: Clara Romano, L. Massai, C. Gianni, Carlo CrostiAbstract:Summary. Dermatophyte infections due to Trichophyton Verrucosum are not frequent in Europe. Six cases observed in Italy in the period 1995–99 are reported. Two were cases of tinea barbae, two of tinea corporis and two of tinea capitis, one of which had been preceded by tinea faciei. In three cases the source of contagion was horses, in two it was cattle and in one case it was another person. The two cases of tinea barbae were initially interpreted and treated as bacterial infections, a diagnostic error reported with increasing frequency in the literature regarding dermatophytosis due to T. Verrucosum. Zusammenfassung. Dermatophytosen durch Trichophyton Verrucosum kommen in Europa nicht haufig vor. Wir berichten uber 6 Falle, die in Italien zwischen 1995 und 1999 beobachtet wurden. Hierbei handelt es sich um 2 Tineae barbae, 2 Tineae corporis und 2 Tineae capitis, wobei einem dieser Falle anfanglich eine Tinea faciei vorausging. Infektionsquellen waren in 3 Fallen Pferde, in 2 Rinder und in einem Fall der Mensch. Die beiden Tineae barbae wurden anfanglich als bakterielle Follikulitis interpretiert und mit Antibiotika behandelt. Auf Fehldiagnosen dieser Art, wird bei Beschreibungen von Dermatophytosen durch Trichophyton Verrucosum auch durch andere Autoren immer ofter hingewiesen.
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Six cases of infection due to Trichophyton Verrucosum
Mycoses, 2001Co-Authors: Clara Romano, L. Massai, C. Gianni, Carlo CrostiAbstract:Dermatophyte infections due to Trichophyton Verrucosum are not frequent in Europe. Six cases observed in Italy in the period 1995-99 are reported. Two were cases of tinea barbae, two of tinea corporis and two of tinea capitis, one of which had been preceded by tinea faciei. In three cases the source of contagion was horses, in two it was cattle and in one case it was another person. The two cases of tinea barbae were initially interpreted and treated as bacterial infections, a diagnostic error reported with increasing frequency in the literature regarding dermatophytosis due to T. Verrucosum.
Marcelina Osińska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of the subtilisin gene profile in Trichophyton Verrucosum isolated from human and animal dermatophytoses in two stage multiplex pcr
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Dominik łagowski, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Sebastian Gnat, Marcelina OsińskaAbstract:AIMS Keratin is a fibrous and recalcitrant structural protein and the third most abundant polymer in nature after cellulose and chitin. Subtilisin-like proteases (SUB) are a group of serine endoproteases, coded by seven genes (SUB1-7), which decompose keratin structures and have been isolated from dermatophytes. Herein, we identified the SUB genes in 30 clinical isolates of Trichophyton Verrucosum obtained from human and animal dermatophytosis as well as asymptomatic animal carriers. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed and proposed a two-stage multiplex PCR technique to detect all seven genes encoding serine proteases in dermatophytes. The analysis revealed the presence SUB1 and SUB2 amplicons in all strains regardless of the host. In the group of isolates obtained from humans, all seven subtilisin genes were shown in 40% of the strains. In T. Verrucosum from asymptomatic animals, none of the isolates showed the presence of all seven subtilisin genes, and only 30% had six genes. In turn, 10% of the isolates from symptomatic animals demonstrated all seven subtilisins amplicons. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the severity of infection and ability of T. Verrucosum to cause dermatophytosis in humans may not be related to specific genes but their accumulation and synergistic effects of their products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Dermatophytes are pathogenic filamentous fungi with capacity to attack keratinized structures such as skin, hair and nails, causing cutaneous superficial infections. Indeed, a biological characteristic of dermatophytes is their ability to invade keratin-rich tissues by producing enzymes. Various degrees of inflammatory responses can be induced exactly by the enzymes. Subtilisin-like proteases are endoproteases, which decompose keratin structures. Our study identifies SUB genes in clinical isolates of T. Verrucosum obtained from human and animal dermatophytosis as well as asymptomatic animal carriers.
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Assessment of the subtilisin gene profile in Trichophyton Verrucosum isolated from human and animal dermatophytoses in two‐stage multiplex PCR
Journal of applied microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Dominik Łagowski, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Sebastian Gnat, Marcelina OsińskaAbstract:AIMS Keratin is a fibrous and recalcitrant structural protein and the third most abundant polymer in nature after cellulose and chitin. Subtilisin-like proteases (SUB) are a group of serine endoproteases, coded by seven genes (SUB1-7), which decompose keratin structures and have been isolated from dermatophytes. Herein, we identified the SUB genes in 30 clinical isolates of Trichophyton Verrucosum obtained from human and animal dermatophytosis as well as asymptomatic animal carriers. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed and proposed a two-stage multiplex PCR technique to detect all seven genes encoding serine proteases in dermatophytes. The analysis revealed the presence SUB1 and SUB2 amplicons in all strains regardless of the host. In the group of isolates obtained from humans, all seven subtilisin genes were shown in 40% of the strains. In T. Verrucosum from asymptomatic animals, none of the isolates showed the presence of all seven subtilisin genes, and only 30% had six genes. In turn, 10% of the isolates from symptomatic animals demonstrated all seven subtilisins amplicons. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the severity of infection and ability of T. Verrucosum to cause dermatophytosis in humans may not be related to specific genes but their accumulation and synergistic effects of their products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Dermatophytes are pathogenic filamentous fungi with capacity to attack keratinized structures such as skin, hair and nails, causing cutaneous superficial infections. Indeed, a biological characteristic of dermatophytes is their ability to invade keratin-rich tissues by producing enzymes. Various degrees of inflammatory responses can be induced exactly by the enzymes. Subtilisin-like proteases are endoproteases, which decompose keratin structures. Our study identifies SUB genes in clinical isolates of T. Verrucosum obtained from human and animal dermatophytosis as well as asymptomatic animal carriers.
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Dermatophytosis with concurrent Trichophyton Verrucosum and T. benhamiae in calves after long-term transport.
Veterinary dermatology, 2020Co-Authors: Dominik Łagowski, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Sebastian Gnat, Marcelina Osińska, Aleksandra Trościańczyk, Przemysław ZiębaAbstract:BACKGROUND Dermatophytosis is a common problem in cattle. The aetiological factors associated with this disease are filamentous fungi with the ability to digest and grow on keratinized substrates. In cattle, and less frequently in other domestic animals and people, the dermatophyte Trichophyton Verrucosum is most commonly isolated from skin lesions. The dermatophyte Trichophyton benhamiae is an important zoonotic pathogen, and the main sources of transmission are guinea pigs and other small rodents. OBJECTIVES In this report, we show multispecies infection in calves (Bos taurus) after long-term transport and vaccination against trichophytosis. ANIMALS Sixty animals were imported of which 32 were observed to be affected with superficial infection nine to 12 days after vaccination for dermatophytosis. METHODS AND MATERIALS Diagnosis was made correlating the clinical signs with a micro- and macroscopic examination of cultured fungi. Molecular differentiation was used to confirm the species affiliation. RESULTS Eight of the calves were infected with T. Verrucosum alone, and 24 calves with both T. Verrucosum and T. benhamiae. We suggest that the cause of this large outbreak was immunosuppression of the animals resulting from the stress of transport and administration of vaccine. CONCLUSION Both T. Verrucosum and T. benhamiae can be seen concurrently in cattle.
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Comparison of in vitro activities of 11 antifungal agents against Trichophyton Verrucosum isolates associated with a variety hosts and geographical origin.
Mycoses, 2019Co-Authors: Dominik Łagowski, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Sebastian Gnat, Marcelina OsińskaAbstract:The high prevalence of dermatophytosis in animals is usually associated with extra expenditure on prevention, diagnosis and long-term treatment. Humans are usually infected from animals, also from asymptomatic carriers, through direct contact or indirectly via fungus-bearing hair, scales and fomites. Despite the medical importance of Trichophyton Verrucosum infections, there are limited in vitro data on the fungal susceptibility to antifungal drugs, including new-generation triazoles, imidazoles and allyloamines. The aim of the current study was to evaluate comprehensively the in vitro activity of 11 antifungal drugs against a large collection of T. Verrucosum isolates obtained in Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia from humans and animals using a microdilution assay. In vitro susceptibility testing of 11 antifungal drugs was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M38. The MICs of clotrimazole, ciclopirox, enilconazole, miconazole, naftifine and terbinafine against all T. Verrucosum isolates were below 1 μg/mL, whereas those of fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole were above 1 μg/mL. Ciclopirox was demonstrated to have superior activity against all strains in comparison with the other drugs, whereas fluconazole exerted the weakest in vitro effect and exhibited the highest MIC values. Our study has shown that drugs of different chemical origin have satisfactory antifungal activity and can be promising candidates for the treatment of T. Verrucosum dermatophytosis. Moreover, no significant disparity in drug sensitivity between isolates obtained from different hosts and geographical regions have been demonstrated.
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In search of the source of dermatophytosis: Epidemiological analysis of Trichophyton Verrucosum infection in llamas and the breeder (case report).
Zoonoses and public health, 2019Co-Authors: Dominik Łagowski, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Sebastian Gnat, Marcelina Osińska, Aleksandra Trościańczyk, Przemysław ZiębaAbstract:During the last few years, the number of cases of Trichophyton Verrucosum isolation from humans suffering from mycoses has been constantly increasing, which is correlated with the presence of an increasing number of outdoor breeding farms. Farmers and their families as well as veterinarians and technicians involved in handling the animals are at a higher risk of infection. One of the most important aims of mycological diagnostics is epidemiological analysis. Typically, the history of the disease is not sufficient to indicate reliably and eliminate the outbreak of infection. PCR fingerprinting methods are a useful tool in this type of analysis, which is presented in this study. The main aim is to present diagnostic and epidemiological analyses of dermatophyte isolates from llamas and their breeder. In two llamas, round alopecia sites or ca. 2-cm excoriations covered with thickened scaling epidermis were noticed at the border of the head and neck with a distinct tendency towards hair loss. Tinea unguium was noticed in a nail of the breeder's right hand. Direct analysis of the material from the clinical lesions revealed the presence of arthrospores. The macro- and micromorphology of the isolates were homogeneous and characteristic for T. Verrucosum. The identification analysis based on the ITS sequences confirmed the previous morphological diagnostic examination. The MP-PCR and MSP-PCR analysis indicated high invariability of the genomes of the strains isolated from the human and animals. The epidemiological research has indicated an identical source of dermatophyte infection in the breeder and the lamas. To sum up, the number of pets and farm animals is increasing and dermatologists should always be informed about possible dermatophyte transmission sources. The possibility of transmission of zoophilic dermatophytes from humans to animals is a suggestion for further analysis; therefore, this type of transmission should be considered in dermatological studies.
Clara Romano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Case Reports. Six cases of infection due to Trichophyton Verrucosum
Mycoses, 2001Co-Authors: Clara Romano, L. Massai, C. Gianni, Carlo CrostiAbstract:Summary. Dermatophyte infections due to Trichophyton Verrucosum are not frequent in Europe. Six cases observed in Italy in the period 1995–99 are reported. Two were cases of tinea barbae, two of tinea corporis and two of tinea capitis, one of which had been preceded by tinea faciei. In three cases the source of contagion was horses, in two it was cattle and in one case it was another person. The two cases of tinea barbae were initially interpreted and treated as bacterial infections, a diagnostic error reported with increasing frequency in the literature regarding dermatophytosis due to T. Verrucosum. Zusammenfassung. Dermatophytosen durch Trichophyton Verrucosum kommen in Europa nicht haufig vor. Wir berichten uber 6 Falle, die in Italien zwischen 1995 und 1999 beobachtet wurden. Hierbei handelt es sich um 2 Tineae barbae, 2 Tineae corporis und 2 Tineae capitis, wobei einem dieser Falle anfanglich eine Tinea faciei vorausging. Infektionsquellen waren in 3 Fallen Pferde, in 2 Rinder und in einem Fall der Mensch. Die beiden Tineae barbae wurden anfanglich als bakterielle Follikulitis interpretiert und mit Antibiotika behandelt. Auf Fehldiagnosen dieser Art, wird bei Beschreibungen von Dermatophytosen durch Trichophyton Verrucosum auch durch andere Autoren immer ofter hingewiesen.
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Six cases of infection due to Trichophyton Verrucosum
Mycoses, 2001Co-Authors: Clara Romano, L. Massai, C. Gianni, Carlo CrostiAbstract:Dermatophyte infections due to Trichophyton Verrucosum are not frequent in Europe. Six cases observed in Italy in the period 1995-99 are reported. Two were cases of tinea barbae, two of tinea corporis and two of tinea capitis, one of which had been preceded by tinea faciei. In three cases the source of contagion was horses, in two it was cattle and in one case it was another person. The two cases of tinea barbae were initially interpreted and treated as bacterial infections, a diagnostic error reported with increasing frequency in the literature regarding dermatophytosis due to T. Verrucosum.
H C Korting - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perniosis like tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton Verrucosum in cold exposed individuals
Mycoses, 2006Co-Authors: M Placzek, M E Van Den Heuvel, M J Flaig, H C KortingAbstract:Summary Trichophyton Verrucosum is a zoophilic infectious agent causing 98% of the dermatophytic infections of cattle. Transmission to humans has, until recently, been rare. One reason for an increase of infection in humans and animals seems to be the decrease in immunisation of cattle. We report on three cases of pertinent human infections with disseminated, sharply defined, bluish red, partly oedematous nodules and plaques in particular not only on the thighs, but also on the trunk and arms. Two of our patients work with farm animals. The third one works as an assistant in a butcher shop, but lives on a cow farm. All three patients are often exposed to the cold. In all three cases T. Verrucosum was detected by culture. Tinea corporis was histologically confirmed in two patients. Based on the microbiological results, we began a combined systemic and local antimycotic therapy with fluconazole 50 mg day−1 in two patients, itraconazole 100 mg day−1 in one patient p.o. combined with topical ciclopiroxolamine. All patients were cured. Dermatophytosis caused by T. Verrucosum can, under certain circumstances, such as frequent exposure to cold or a long-term corticosteroid therapy, mimic the characteristic clinical picture of perniosis, as we demonstrate here.
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tinea axillaris a variant of intertriginous tinea due to non occupational infection with Trichophyton Verrucosum
Mycoses, 1996Co-Authors: Susanne A Bell, Martin Rocken, H C KortingAbstract:The term tinea axillaris has been used only a few times in the literature. In this paper we describe a male patient with widespread tinea corporis and unguium affecting also both axillary regions. Trichophyton Verrucosum was isolated as the causative agent. The patient admitted to no direct contact with infected animals, but had lived in a rural area until a year before the infection became widespread. Topical treatment with glucocorticosteroids probably promoted propagation over large parts of his body and may have led to the infection of the axillary region, an unusual site for fungal infection. Treatment with itraconazole over 4 weeks led to complete clearing of all lesions on glabrous skin. Thereafter, itraconazole pulse therapy was used to treat the nail infection.
Sebastian Gnat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of the subtilisin gene profile in Trichophyton Verrucosum isolated from human and animal dermatophytoses in two stage multiplex pcr
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Dominik łagowski, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Sebastian Gnat, Marcelina OsińskaAbstract:AIMS Keratin is a fibrous and recalcitrant structural protein and the third most abundant polymer in nature after cellulose and chitin. Subtilisin-like proteases (SUB) are a group of serine endoproteases, coded by seven genes (SUB1-7), which decompose keratin structures and have been isolated from dermatophytes. Herein, we identified the SUB genes in 30 clinical isolates of Trichophyton Verrucosum obtained from human and animal dermatophytosis as well as asymptomatic animal carriers. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed and proposed a two-stage multiplex PCR technique to detect all seven genes encoding serine proteases in dermatophytes. The analysis revealed the presence SUB1 and SUB2 amplicons in all strains regardless of the host. In the group of isolates obtained from humans, all seven subtilisin genes were shown in 40% of the strains. In T. Verrucosum from asymptomatic animals, none of the isolates showed the presence of all seven subtilisin genes, and only 30% had six genes. In turn, 10% of the isolates from symptomatic animals demonstrated all seven subtilisins amplicons. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the severity of infection and ability of T. Verrucosum to cause dermatophytosis in humans may not be related to specific genes but their accumulation and synergistic effects of their products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Dermatophytes are pathogenic filamentous fungi with capacity to attack keratinized structures such as skin, hair and nails, causing cutaneous superficial infections. Indeed, a biological characteristic of dermatophytes is their ability to invade keratin-rich tissues by producing enzymes. Various degrees of inflammatory responses can be induced exactly by the enzymes. Subtilisin-like proteases are endoproteases, which decompose keratin structures. Our study identifies SUB genes in clinical isolates of T. Verrucosum obtained from human and animal dermatophytosis as well as asymptomatic animal carriers.
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Assessment of the subtilisin gene profile in Trichophyton Verrucosum isolated from human and animal dermatophytoses in two‐stage multiplex PCR
Journal of applied microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Dominik Łagowski, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Sebastian Gnat, Marcelina OsińskaAbstract:AIMS Keratin is a fibrous and recalcitrant structural protein and the third most abundant polymer in nature after cellulose and chitin. Subtilisin-like proteases (SUB) are a group of serine endoproteases, coded by seven genes (SUB1-7), which decompose keratin structures and have been isolated from dermatophytes. Herein, we identified the SUB genes in 30 clinical isolates of Trichophyton Verrucosum obtained from human and animal dermatophytosis as well as asymptomatic animal carriers. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed and proposed a two-stage multiplex PCR technique to detect all seven genes encoding serine proteases in dermatophytes. The analysis revealed the presence SUB1 and SUB2 amplicons in all strains regardless of the host. In the group of isolates obtained from humans, all seven subtilisin genes were shown in 40% of the strains. In T. Verrucosum from asymptomatic animals, none of the isolates showed the presence of all seven subtilisin genes, and only 30% had six genes. In turn, 10% of the isolates from symptomatic animals demonstrated all seven subtilisins amplicons. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the severity of infection and ability of T. Verrucosum to cause dermatophytosis in humans may not be related to specific genes but their accumulation and synergistic effects of their products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Dermatophytes are pathogenic filamentous fungi with capacity to attack keratinized structures such as skin, hair and nails, causing cutaneous superficial infections. Indeed, a biological characteristic of dermatophytes is their ability to invade keratin-rich tissues by producing enzymes. Various degrees of inflammatory responses can be induced exactly by the enzymes. Subtilisin-like proteases are endoproteases, which decompose keratin structures. Our study identifies SUB genes in clinical isolates of T. Verrucosum obtained from human and animal dermatophytosis as well as asymptomatic animal carriers.
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Dermatophytosis with concurrent Trichophyton Verrucosum and T. benhamiae in calves after long-term transport.
Veterinary dermatology, 2020Co-Authors: Dominik Łagowski, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Sebastian Gnat, Marcelina Osińska, Aleksandra Trościańczyk, Przemysław ZiębaAbstract:BACKGROUND Dermatophytosis is a common problem in cattle. The aetiological factors associated with this disease are filamentous fungi with the ability to digest and grow on keratinized substrates. In cattle, and less frequently in other domestic animals and people, the dermatophyte Trichophyton Verrucosum is most commonly isolated from skin lesions. The dermatophyte Trichophyton benhamiae is an important zoonotic pathogen, and the main sources of transmission are guinea pigs and other small rodents. OBJECTIVES In this report, we show multispecies infection in calves (Bos taurus) after long-term transport and vaccination against trichophytosis. ANIMALS Sixty animals were imported of which 32 were observed to be affected with superficial infection nine to 12 days after vaccination for dermatophytosis. METHODS AND MATERIALS Diagnosis was made correlating the clinical signs with a micro- and macroscopic examination of cultured fungi. Molecular differentiation was used to confirm the species affiliation. RESULTS Eight of the calves were infected with T. Verrucosum alone, and 24 calves with both T. Verrucosum and T. benhamiae. We suggest that the cause of this large outbreak was immunosuppression of the animals resulting from the stress of transport and administration of vaccine. CONCLUSION Both T. Verrucosum and T. benhamiae can be seen concurrently in cattle.
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Comparison of in vitro activities of 11 antifungal agents against Trichophyton Verrucosum isolates associated with a variety hosts and geographical origin.
Mycoses, 2019Co-Authors: Dominik Łagowski, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Sebastian Gnat, Marcelina OsińskaAbstract:The high prevalence of dermatophytosis in animals is usually associated with extra expenditure on prevention, diagnosis and long-term treatment. Humans are usually infected from animals, also from asymptomatic carriers, through direct contact or indirectly via fungus-bearing hair, scales and fomites. Despite the medical importance of Trichophyton Verrucosum infections, there are limited in vitro data on the fungal susceptibility to antifungal drugs, including new-generation triazoles, imidazoles and allyloamines. The aim of the current study was to evaluate comprehensively the in vitro activity of 11 antifungal drugs against a large collection of T. Verrucosum isolates obtained in Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia from humans and animals using a microdilution assay. In vitro susceptibility testing of 11 antifungal drugs was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M38. The MICs of clotrimazole, ciclopirox, enilconazole, miconazole, naftifine and terbinafine against all T. Verrucosum isolates were below 1 μg/mL, whereas those of fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole were above 1 μg/mL. Ciclopirox was demonstrated to have superior activity against all strains in comparison with the other drugs, whereas fluconazole exerted the weakest in vitro effect and exhibited the highest MIC values. Our study has shown that drugs of different chemical origin have satisfactory antifungal activity and can be promising candidates for the treatment of T. Verrucosum dermatophytosis. Moreover, no significant disparity in drug sensitivity between isolates obtained from different hosts and geographical regions have been demonstrated.
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In search of the source of dermatophytosis: Epidemiological analysis of Trichophyton Verrucosum infection in llamas and the breeder (case report).
Zoonoses and public health, 2019Co-Authors: Dominik Łagowski, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Sebastian Gnat, Marcelina Osińska, Aleksandra Trościańczyk, Przemysław ZiębaAbstract:During the last few years, the number of cases of Trichophyton Verrucosum isolation from humans suffering from mycoses has been constantly increasing, which is correlated with the presence of an increasing number of outdoor breeding farms. Farmers and their families as well as veterinarians and technicians involved in handling the animals are at a higher risk of infection. One of the most important aims of mycological diagnostics is epidemiological analysis. Typically, the history of the disease is not sufficient to indicate reliably and eliminate the outbreak of infection. PCR fingerprinting methods are a useful tool in this type of analysis, which is presented in this study. The main aim is to present diagnostic and epidemiological analyses of dermatophyte isolates from llamas and their breeder. In two llamas, round alopecia sites or ca. 2-cm excoriations covered with thickened scaling epidermis were noticed at the border of the head and neck with a distinct tendency towards hair loss. Tinea unguium was noticed in a nail of the breeder's right hand. Direct analysis of the material from the clinical lesions revealed the presence of arthrospores. The macro- and micromorphology of the isolates were homogeneous and characteristic for T. Verrucosum. The identification analysis based on the ITS sequences confirmed the previous morphological diagnostic examination. The MP-PCR and MSP-PCR analysis indicated high invariability of the genomes of the strains isolated from the human and animals. The epidemiological research has indicated an identical source of dermatophyte infection in the breeder and the lamas. To sum up, the number of pets and farm animals is increasing and dermatologists should always be informed about possible dermatophyte transmission sources. The possibility of transmission of zoophilic dermatophytes from humans to animals is a suggestion for further analysis; therefore, this type of transmission should be considered in dermatological studies.
