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Hiroshi Ashihara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trigonelline and related nicotinic acid metabolites: occurrence, biosynthesis, taxonomic considerations, and their roles in planta and in human health
Phytochemistry Reviews, 2015Co-Authors: Hiroshi Ashihara, Iziar A. Ludwig, Riko Katahira, Takao Yokota, Tatsuhito Fujimura, Alan CrozierAbstract:This review describes the occurrence and biosynthesis of Trigonelline ( N -methylnicotinic acid) and related nicotinic acid metabolites. High concentrations of Trigonelline are found in seeds of coffee, and some members of the Fabaceae, while trace amounts occur in many other species. In contrast, the occurrence of other pyridine alkaloids derived from nicotinic acid is limited. Nicotinic acid, a precursor of the secondary pyridine metabolites, is derived from pyridine nucleotides. In planta , pyridine nucleotide biosynthesis de novo is initiated from aspartic acid. The degradation of NAD and its regeneration from the catabolites is called the pyridine nucleotide cycle (PNC). Isotopic labelling and enzymatic studies indicate a seven-component PNC VII pathway is the major route. All plants examined convert exogenous nicotinic acid to Trigonelline and/or nicotinic acid N -glucoside (NaG). In general, NaG formation is restricted to ferns and selected orders of angiosperms, whereas other plants produce Trigonelline. The biosynthesis of other pyridine alkaloids, of which many details remain to be resolved, is discussed briefly. The potential in planta roles of Trigonelline, including detoxification, nyctinasty and host selection are discussed. Coffee beverage is the major food containing Trigonelline and some vegetables also contain Trigonelline. The possible effects of Trigonelline on health mediated via hypoglycaemic, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, estrogenic, and antibacterial activities are reviewed. Finally, potential genetic manipulation of biosynthetic pathways to create Trigonelline- and vitamin B_3-rich plants and agricultural uses of Trigonelline-rich genetically modified crops and trees are discussed.
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Plant Biochemistry: Trigonelline Biosynthesis in Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora
Coffee in Health and Disease Prevention, 2015Co-Authors: Hiroshi AshiharaAbstract:Abstract Trigonelline (N-methylnicotinic acid) is a major alkaloid in coffee seeds. During roasting, it is converted to nicotinic acid (niacin) and other metabolites that are related to the taste and aroma of coffee beverage. Trigonelline is present in all parts of coffee plants. Its content in coffee seeds is 1–3% dry weight. In contrast to caffeine, there has been little study of the biosynthesis and degradation of Trigonelline in Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. This study reveals the outline of Trigonelline metabolism in Coffea plants. The major biosynthetic pathway is NAD → nicotinamide mononucleotide → nicotinamide riboside → nicotinamide → nicotinic acid → Trigonelline. High Trigonelline biosynthesis activity was found in young fruits and in the pericarp of developing fruits. Trigonelline synthase activity was detected in Coffea plants, but the gene encoding this enzyme has not yet been cloned. A useful biotechnology for creating Trigonelline-rich coffee beans is set out.
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Accumulation and function of Trigonelline in non-leguminous plants.
Natural product communications, 2014Co-Authors: Hiroshi Ashihara, Shin WatanabeAbstract:As part of our studies of the occurrence, biosynthesis, function and human use of Trigonelline, we looked at Trigonelline-accumulating plant species and at the distribution of Trigonelline in different organs of Trigonelline-accumulating non-leguminous plants. There are many Trigonelline-synthesizing plant species, but apart from legume seeds only a few species accumulate high concentrations of Trigonelline. We have found only three species that accumulate high levels of Trigonelline: Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine), Coffea arabica (coffee) and Mirabilisjalapa (four o'clock flower). Trigonelline was found in all parts of Murraya paniculata seedlings at 4-13 micromol/g fresh weight; more than 70% was distributed in the leaves. In the coffee plant, Trigonelline was found in all organs, and the concentrations in the upper stems, including tips (48 micromol/g FW) and seeds (26 micromol/g FW), were higher than in other organs. In Mirabilis jalapa plants, Trigonelline was found in leaves, stems, flowers, roots and seeds; the concentration varied from 0.3 to 13 micromol/g FW and was generally higher in young tissues than in mature tissues, except for seeds. Exogenously supplied nicotinamide increases the Trigonelline content. The in planta role of Trigonelline and the possible use ofTrigonelline-accumulating plants in herbal medicine are discussed.
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effect of nicotinic acid nicotinamide and Trigonelline on the proliferation of lettuce cells derived from protoplasts
Phytochemistry Letters, 2014Co-Authors: Hamako Sasamoto, Hiroshi AshiharaAbstract:Abstract To investigate the physiological role of Trigonelline in plant cells, the effects of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and Trigonelline on the division and colony formation of lettuce cells were investigated. Four days after treatment with 0.1–1.0 mM nicotinic acid, division of isolated protoplasts was significantly inhibited. In contrast, a little or no inhibition was found in protoplasts treated with nicotinamide or Trigonelline. Nine days after treatment there was a marked inhibitory effect on the colony formation of cells derived from the protoplasts treated with nicotinic acid or nicotinamide, but no effect or even a stimulatory effect was observed in Trigonelline-treated protoplasts. These observations imply that nicotinic acid is toxic in high concentration for cell division of plant cells. Trigonelline formation from nicotinic acid and nicotinamide appears to be a result of detoxification of nicotinic acid which is produced by the pyridine nucleotide cycle in the cells or supplied exogenously to the cells.
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the co occurrence of two pyridine alkaloids mimosine and Trigonelline in leucaena leucocephala
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2014Co-Authors: Shinjiro Ogita, Misako Kato, Shin Watanabe, Hiroshi AshiharaAbstract:Leucaena leucocephala is a nitrogen-fixing tropical leguminous tree that produces two pyridine alkaloids, i. e. mimosine [beta-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridon-1-yl)-L-alanine] and Trigonelline (1-methylpyridinium-3-carboxylate). Mimosine has been detected in leaves, flowers, pods, seeds, and roots, and it is one of the principal non-protein amino acids that occurs in all organs. Asparagine was the most abundant amino acid in flowers. The mimosine content varied from 3.3 micromol/g fresh weight (FW) in developing flowers to 171 micromol/g FW in mature seeds. Trigonelline was also detected in leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds, but not roots. The Trigonelline content was lower than that of mimosine in all organs. It varied from 0.12 micromol/g FW in developing seeds to 2.6 micromol/g FW in mature seeds. [2-14C]Nicotinic acid supplied to the developing seeds was incorporated into Trigonelline but not mimosine. This indicates that the pyridine and dihydroxypyridine structures of these two alkaloids are derived from distinct precursors. The physiological functions of mimosine and Trigonelline are discussed briefly.
Michel Noirot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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caffeine Trigonelline chlorogenic acids and sucrose diversity in wild coffea arabica l and c canephora p accessions
Food Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Chinlong Ky, Stéphane Dussert, Serge Hamon, Bernard Guyot, Jacques Louarn, Michel NoirotAbstract:Abstract Numerous aroma precursor evaluations have been undertaken with green coffee beans of both species of worldwide economic importance: Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. Efforts have been made to characterise cultivars of these two species. The originality of this study is to present the biochemical diversity of wild accessions originating from Ethiopia and Kenya for C. arabica (38 genotypes) and from five African countries (Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Congo, Cameroon and Central African Republik) for C. canephora (38 genotypes). The biochemical aroma parameters assessed by HPLC analysis were: (1) the two alkaloids, caffeine and Trigonelline, (2) chlorogenic acids and (3) sucrose. Results reveal that the two species showed significant accession differences for all compounds. Between-species-average-content comparison confirms that C. arabica showed more Trigonelline and sucrose and that C. canephora presented more CGA and caffeine. C. canephora diversity was higher than that of C. arabica, except for Trigonelline and sucrose. For C. canephora, results showed that: (1) no differences were highlighted between accessions for countries of origin for the alkaloids and sucrose, and (2) the 3-CQA content allowed to accessions to be pooled into two groups.
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caffeine Trigonelline chlorogenic acids and sucrose diversity in wild coffea arabica l and c canephora p accessions
Food Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Jacques Louarn, Stéphane Dussert, Serge Hamon, Bernard Guyot, Michel NoirotAbstract:Abstract Numerous aroma precursor evaluations have been undertaken with green coffee beans of both species of worldwide economic importance: Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. Efforts have been made to characterise cultivars of these two species. The originality of this study is to present the biochemical diversity of wild accessions originating from Ethiopia and Kenya for C. arabica (38 genotypes) and from five African countries (Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Congo, Cameroon and Central African Republik) for C. canephora (38 genotypes). The biochemical aroma parameters assessed by HPLC analysis were: (1) the two alkaloids, caffeine and Trigonelline, (2) chlorogenic acids and (3) sucrose. Results reveal that the two species showed significant accession differences for all compounds. Between-species-average-content comparison confirms that C. arabica showed more Trigonelline and sucrose and that C. canephora presented more CGA and caffeine. C. canephora diversity was higher than that of C. arabica, except for Trigonelline and sucrose. For C. canephora, results showed that: (1) no differences were highlighted between accessions for countries of origin for the alkaloids and sucrose, and (2) the 3-CQA content allowed to accessions to be pooled into two groups.
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Trigonelline inheritance in the interspecific coffea pseudozanguebariae c liberica var dewevrei cross
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001Co-Authors: Bernard Guyot, Serge Hamon, Jacques Louarn, Michel NoirotAbstract:Trigonelline alkaloid is present in coffee beans, and during roasting it gives rise to the major coffee aroma compounds (several alkyl-pyridines and pyrroles). In this study we investigated the genetic inheritance of Trigonelline accumulation in green beans in an interspecific cross between a wild east African species, Coffea pseudozanguebariae (PSE) and the west African species C. liberica var. dewevrei (DEW). Trigonelline content was measured by HPLC in both parental species, F1 hybrids and the reciprocal backcross hybrids (BCDEW and BCPSE). The results showed that, on average, PSE accumulated twice as much Trigonelline as DEW. No year effect or interaction (genotype×year) was recorded. Trigonelline showed high heritability (71%), which meant that the genotypic value could be easily estimated from the phenotypic value. However, the fact that this trait was not additive suggested the possibility of nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance. This hypothesis was confirmed by: (1) similar levels of Trigonelline content in the PSE, F1, BCPSE and BCDEW groups, all having the same maternal cytoplasm, and (2) the location of one nuclear QTL on the G linkage group.
Xin-qiang Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biosynthesis of Trigonelline from nicotinate mononucleotide in mungbean seedlings
Phytochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Xin-qiang Zheng, Ayu Matsui, Hiroshi AshiharaAbstract:Abstract To determine the biosynthetic pathway to Trigonelline, the metabolism of [carboxyl- 14 C]nicotinate mononucleotide (NaMN) and [carboxyl- 14 C]nicotinate riboside (NaR) in protein extracts and tissues of embryonic axes from germinating mungbeans ( Phaseolus aureus ) was investigated. In crude cell-free protein extracts, in the presence of S -adenosyl- l -methionine, radioactivity from [ 14 C]NaMN was incorporated into NaR, nicotinate and Trigonelline. Activities of NaMN nucleotidase, NaR nucleosidase and Trigonelline synthase were also observed in the extracts. Exogenously supplied [ 14 C]NaR, taken up by embryonic axes segments, was readily converted to nicotinate and Trigonelline. It is concluded that the NaMN → NaR → nicotinate → Trigonelline pathway is operative in the embryonic axes of mungbean seedlings. This result suggests that Trigonelline is synthesised not only from NAD but also via the de novo biosynthetic pathway of pyridine nucleotides.
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changes in content and biosynthetic activity of caffeine and Trigonelline during growth and ripening of coffea arabica and coffea canephora fruits
Plant Science, 2006Co-Authors: Yukiko Koshiro, Xin-qiang Zheng, Chifumi Nagai, Mingli Wang, Hiroshi AshiharaAbstract:Caffeine and Trigonelline are major nitrogenous alkaloids found in coffee seeds. Accumulation of these alkaloids in two cultivars of Coffea arabica and in a cultivar of Coffea canephora seeds was monitored. Growth stages are specified by letters, A to G. They correspond to the pinhead and small (A), rapid expansion and pericarp growth (B), endosperm formation (C), early dry matter accumulation (D), mature (green) (E), ripening (pink) (F) and fully ripened (red) (G) stages. Caffeine and Trigonelline content increased at stages D and E. The concentrations of caffeine in ripe seeds (stage G) of the two cultivars of C. arabica and C. canephora seeds were respectively 1.0% and 1.9% dry weight. A high biosynthetic activity of caffeine, which was estimated via the incorporation of [8-14C]adenine into purine alkaloids, was found in whole fruits (perisperm and pericarp) in stages B and C, and in developing seeds (endosperm) in stages D and E. The biosynthetic activities of caffeine were reduced in both pericarp and seeds in stages F and G. In C. arabica cv. Mokka and in C. canephora, the transcripts of CmXRS1, CTS2 and CCS1, three N-methyltransferase genes for caffeine biosynthesis, and of methionine synthase gene (MS) were detected in every stage of growth, although the amounts of these transcripts were significantly less in stage G. The pattern of expression of genes for caffeine synthesis during growth is roughly related to the in situ synthesis of caffeine from adenine nucleotides, although exceptions were found in the very early and later stages of fruit growth. The amounts of the transcripts of CmXRS1, CTS2 and CCS1 were higher in seeds than in pericarp, but reverse was true for MS transcripts in developing coffee fruits. Similarly, caffeine synthase (N3-methyltransferase) activity was also higher in seeds than in pericarp. Concentrations of Trigonelline in ripe seeds (stage G) of C. arabica cv. Mokka, C. arabica cv. Catimor and C. canephora were ca. 1.3%, 1.0% and 1.4% of dry weight, respectively. High biosynthetic activity of Trigonelline was found in young fruits (stages A–C) and in the pericarp of developing fruits (stage E). The biosynthetic activity was reduced markedly in seeds at stages F and G. These results suggest that active Trigonelline biosynthesis occurs in the pericarp of coffee fruits. Although the final concentration of caffeine and Trigonelline varies in the three Coffea plants, the patterns of fluctuations of the caffeine and Trigonelline biosynthetic activity in all Coffea plants are all similar.
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Changes in Trigonelline (N-methylnicotinic acid) content and nicotinic acid metabolism during germination of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus) seeds.
Journal of experimental botany, 2005Co-Authors: Xin-qiang Zheng, Etsuko Hayashibe, Hiroshi AshiharaAbstract:Changes in Trigonelline content and in biosynthetic activity were determined in the cotyledons and embryonic axes of etiolated mungbean (Phaseolus aureus) seedlings during germination. Accumulation of Trigonelline (c. 240 nmol per pair of cotyledons) was observed in the cotyledons of dry seeds; Trigonelline content decreased 2 d after imbibition. Trigonelline content in the embryonic axes increased with seedling growth and reached a peak (c. 380 nmol per embryonic axis) at day 5. Trigonelline content did not change significantly during the differentiation of hypocotyls, and the concentration was greatest in the apical 5 mm. Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were better precursors for pyridine nucleotide synthesis than quinolinic acid, but no great differences were found in the synthesis of Trigonelline from these three precursors. Trigonelline synthesis was always higher in embryonic axes than in cotyledons. Activity of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.19), nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.11), and nicotinamidase (EC 3.5.1.19) was found in cotyledons and embryonic axes, but no nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.12) activity was detected. It follows that quinolinic acid and nicotinic acid were directly converted to nicotinic acid mononucleotide by the respective phosphoribosyltransferases, but nicotinamide appeared to be converted to nicotinic acid mononucleotide after conversion to nicotinic acid. Trigonelline synthase (nicotinate N-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.7) activity increased in the embryonic axes, but decreased in cotyledons during germination. [ 14 C]Nicotinic acid and Trigonelline absorbed by the cotyledons were transported to the embryonic axes during germination. Trigonelline had no effect on the growth of seedlings, but nicotinic acid and nicotinamide significantly inhibited the growth of roots. Based on these findings, the role of Trigonelline synthesis in mungbean seedlings is discussed.
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pyridine nucleotide cycle and Trigonelline n methylnicotinic acid synthesis in developing leaves and fruits of coffea arabica
Physiologia Plantarum, 2004Co-Authors: Xin-qiang Zheng, Chifumi NagaiAbstract:We examined the biosynthesis of Trigonelline in leaves and fruits of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plants. [ 3 H]Quinolinic acid, which is an intermediate of de novo pyridine nucleotide synthesis, and [ 14 C]nicotinamide and [ 14 C]nicotinic acid, which are degradation products of NAD, were converted to Trigonelline and pyridine nucleotides. These tracer experiments suggest that the pyridine nucleotide cycle, nicotinamide → nicotinic acid → nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) → nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) → NAD → nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) → nicotinamide, operates in coffee plants, and Trigonelline is synthesized from nicotinic acid formed in the cycle. Trigonelline accumulated up to 18 μmol per leaf in developed young leaves, and then decreased with age. Although the biosynthetic activity of Trigonelline from exogenously supplied [ 14 C]nicotinamide was observed in aged leaves, the endogenous supply of nicotinamide may be limited, reducing the contents in these leaves. Trigonelline is synthesized and accumulated in fruits during development. The Trigonelline synthesis in pericarps is much higher than that in seeds, but its content in seeds is higher than pericaps, so that some of the Trigonelline synthesized in the pericarps may be transported to seeds. Trigonelline in seeds may be utilized during germination, as its content decreases. Trigonelline synthesis from [ 14 C]nicotinamide was also found in Theobroma cacao plants, but instead of Trigonelline, nicotinic acid-glucoside was synthesized from [ 14 C]nicotinamide in Camellia sinensis plants.
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distribution biosynthesis and function of purine and pyridine alkaloids in coffea arabica seedlings
Plant Science, 2004Co-Authors: Xin-qiang Zheng, Hiroshi AshiharaAbstract:Abstract Endogenous levels of purine and pyridine alkaloids were studied in different parts of 6-month-old Coffea arabica seedlings. In seedlings, caffeine was distributed mainly in leaves and cotyledons at concentrations varying from 43 to 104 μmol g −1 dry weight. Essentially no caffeine was detected in roots or in older brown parts of shoots. In contrast, Trigonelline was present in all parts of the seedlings. The concentration of Trigonelline was highest in the upper part of the stems, including buds, which consist of young cells (180 μmol g −1 dry weight), and was lowest in roots (25 μmol g −1 dry weight). The Trigonelline concentration in leaves was 60–80 μmol g −1 dry weight, and the concentration in young leaves was higher than in older leaves. Purine alkaloid biosynthesis was estimated from the incorporation of radioactivity from [8- 14 C ] adenosine into purine alkaloids. Theobromine and caffeine were synthesized only in young leaves and young shoots including buds, but no biosynthetic activity was found in roots or aged cotyledons. Biosynthetic activity of Trigonelline was estimated from the conversion of exogenously supplied [carboxyl - 14 C] nicotinic acid to Trigonelline. Trigonelline synthesis was found in all parts of the coffee seedlings. Metabolic fate studies indicated that large fractions of the radioactivity from [carboxyl - 14 C] nicotinic acid (59% in leaves, 53% in cotyledons, 36% in stems and 29% in roots) were incorporated into Trigonelline during a 4 h incubation period. Radioactivity was also found in NAD(P), NMN and nicotinamide. Only trace amounts of 14 CO 2 from [carboxyl - 14 C] nicotinic acid were detected. These results suggest that caffeine accumulation is specific to above ground parts (leaves, cotyledons and shoots) of the seedlings and that biosynthesis is performed only in very young tissues, whereas Trigonelline is distributed in all parts of coffee seedlings and biosynthetic activity is present even in mature parts. The differing roles of these two alkaloids are discussed.
Serge Hamon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trigonelline and sucrose diversity in wild Coffea species
Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Claudine Campa, Stéphane Dussert, J.f. Ballester, Sylvie Doulbeau, Serge Hamon, M. NoirotAbstract:Trigonelline and sucrose are two coffee aroma precursors. Contents of these compounds are higher in Coffea arabica than in Coffea canephora green beans and this could be the main explanation for consumers' preference for C. arabica coffee. This is the first evaluation of sucrose and Trigonelline contents involving 14 species and six new taxa not yet botanically characterised. Trigonelline and sucrose contents varied between species from 0.39% to 1.77% dry matter basis (dmb) and from 3.8% to 10.7% dmb, respectively. C. canephora could be improved through both compounds by crosses with Coffea eugenioides.
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caffeine Trigonelline chlorogenic acids and sucrose diversity in wild coffea arabica l and c canephora p accessions
Food Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Jacques Louarn, Stéphane Dussert, Serge Hamon, Bernard Guyot, Michel NoirotAbstract:Abstract Numerous aroma precursor evaluations have been undertaken with green coffee beans of both species of worldwide economic importance: Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. Efforts have been made to characterise cultivars of these two species. The originality of this study is to present the biochemical diversity of wild accessions originating from Ethiopia and Kenya for C. arabica (38 genotypes) and from five African countries (Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Congo, Cameroon and Central African Republik) for C. canephora (38 genotypes). The biochemical aroma parameters assessed by HPLC analysis were: (1) the two alkaloids, caffeine and Trigonelline, (2) chlorogenic acids and (3) sucrose. Results reveal that the two species showed significant accession differences for all compounds. Between-species-average-content comparison confirms that C. arabica showed more Trigonelline and sucrose and that C. canephora presented more CGA and caffeine. C. canephora diversity was higher than that of C. arabica, except for Trigonelline and sucrose. For C. canephora, results showed that: (1) no differences were highlighted between accessions for countries of origin for the alkaloids and sucrose, and (2) the 3-CQA content allowed to accessions to be pooled into two groups.
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caffeine Trigonelline chlorogenic acids and sucrose diversity in wild coffea arabica l and c canephora p accessions
Food Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Chinlong Ky, Stéphane Dussert, Serge Hamon, Bernard Guyot, Jacques Louarn, Michel NoirotAbstract:Abstract Numerous aroma precursor evaluations have been undertaken with green coffee beans of both species of worldwide economic importance: Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. Efforts have been made to characterise cultivars of these two species. The originality of this study is to present the biochemical diversity of wild accessions originating from Ethiopia and Kenya for C. arabica (38 genotypes) and from five African countries (Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Congo, Cameroon and Central African Republik) for C. canephora (38 genotypes). The biochemical aroma parameters assessed by HPLC analysis were: (1) the two alkaloids, caffeine and Trigonelline, (2) chlorogenic acids and (3) sucrose. Results reveal that the two species showed significant accession differences for all compounds. Between-species-average-content comparison confirms that C. arabica showed more Trigonelline and sucrose and that C. canephora presented more CGA and caffeine. C. canephora diversity was higher than that of C. arabica, except for Trigonelline and sucrose. For C. canephora, results showed that: (1) no differences were highlighted between accessions for countries of origin for the alkaloids and sucrose, and (2) the 3-CQA content allowed to accessions to be pooled into two groups.
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Trigonelline inheritance in the interspecific coffea pseudozanguebariae c liberica var dewevrei cross
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001Co-Authors: Bernard Guyot, Serge Hamon, Jacques Louarn, Michel NoirotAbstract:Trigonelline alkaloid is present in coffee beans, and during roasting it gives rise to the major coffee aroma compounds (several alkyl-pyridines and pyrroles). In this study we investigated the genetic inheritance of Trigonelline accumulation in green beans in an interspecific cross between a wild east African species, Coffea pseudozanguebariae (PSE) and the west African species C. liberica var. dewevrei (DEW). Trigonelline content was measured by HPLC in both parental species, F1 hybrids and the reciprocal backcross hybrids (BCDEW and BCPSE). The results showed that, on average, PSE accumulated twice as much Trigonelline as DEW. No year effect or interaction (genotype×year) was recorded. Trigonelline showed high heritability (71%), which meant that the genotypic value could be easily estimated from the phenotypic value. However, the fact that this trait was not additive suggested the possibility of nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance. This hypothesis was confirmed by: (1) similar levels of Trigonelline content in the PSE, F1, BCPSE and BCDEW groups, all having the same maternal cytoplasm, and (2) the location of one nuclear QTL on the G linkage group.
Jacques Louarn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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caffeine Trigonelline chlorogenic acids and sucrose diversity in wild coffea arabica l and c canephora p accessions
Food Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Chinlong Ky, Stéphane Dussert, Serge Hamon, Bernard Guyot, Jacques Louarn, Michel NoirotAbstract:Abstract Numerous aroma precursor evaluations have been undertaken with green coffee beans of both species of worldwide economic importance: Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. Efforts have been made to characterise cultivars of these two species. The originality of this study is to present the biochemical diversity of wild accessions originating from Ethiopia and Kenya for C. arabica (38 genotypes) and from five African countries (Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Congo, Cameroon and Central African Republik) for C. canephora (38 genotypes). The biochemical aroma parameters assessed by HPLC analysis were: (1) the two alkaloids, caffeine and Trigonelline, (2) chlorogenic acids and (3) sucrose. Results reveal that the two species showed significant accession differences for all compounds. Between-species-average-content comparison confirms that C. arabica showed more Trigonelline and sucrose and that C. canephora presented more CGA and caffeine. C. canephora diversity was higher than that of C. arabica, except for Trigonelline and sucrose. For C. canephora, results showed that: (1) no differences were highlighted between accessions for countries of origin for the alkaloids and sucrose, and (2) the 3-CQA content allowed to accessions to be pooled into two groups.
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caffeine Trigonelline chlorogenic acids and sucrose diversity in wild coffea arabica l and c canephora p accessions
Food Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Jacques Louarn, Stéphane Dussert, Serge Hamon, Bernard Guyot, Michel NoirotAbstract:Abstract Numerous aroma precursor evaluations have been undertaken with green coffee beans of both species of worldwide economic importance: Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. Efforts have been made to characterise cultivars of these two species. The originality of this study is to present the biochemical diversity of wild accessions originating from Ethiopia and Kenya for C. arabica (38 genotypes) and from five African countries (Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Congo, Cameroon and Central African Republik) for C. canephora (38 genotypes). The biochemical aroma parameters assessed by HPLC analysis were: (1) the two alkaloids, caffeine and Trigonelline, (2) chlorogenic acids and (3) sucrose. Results reveal that the two species showed significant accession differences for all compounds. Between-species-average-content comparison confirms that C. arabica showed more Trigonelline and sucrose and that C. canephora presented more CGA and caffeine. C. canephora diversity was higher than that of C. arabica, except for Trigonelline and sucrose. For C. canephora, results showed that: (1) no differences were highlighted between accessions for countries of origin for the alkaloids and sucrose, and (2) the 3-CQA content allowed to accessions to be pooled into two groups.
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Trigonelline inheritance in the interspecific coffea pseudozanguebariae c liberica var dewevrei cross
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001Co-Authors: Bernard Guyot, Serge Hamon, Jacques Louarn, Michel NoirotAbstract:Trigonelline alkaloid is present in coffee beans, and during roasting it gives rise to the major coffee aroma compounds (several alkyl-pyridines and pyrroles). In this study we investigated the genetic inheritance of Trigonelline accumulation in green beans in an interspecific cross between a wild east African species, Coffea pseudozanguebariae (PSE) and the west African species C. liberica var. dewevrei (DEW). Trigonelline content was measured by HPLC in both parental species, F1 hybrids and the reciprocal backcross hybrids (BCDEW and BCPSE). The results showed that, on average, PSE accumulated twice as much Trigonelline as DEW. No year effect or interaction (genotype×year) was recorded. Trigonelline showed high heritability (71%), which meant that the genotypic value could be easily estimated from the phenotypic value. However, the fact that this trait was not additive suggested the possibility of nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance. This hypothesis was confirmed by: (1) similar levels of Trigonelline content in the PSE, F1, BCPSE and BCDEW groups, all having the same maternal cytoplasm, and (2) the location of one nuclear QTL on the G linkage group.
