The Experts below are selected from a list of 1212 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joel S Shore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Characterization of X-ray-generated floral mutants carrying deletions at the S-locus of distylous Turnera subulata
Heredity, 2010Co-Authors: J D J Labonne, F Tamari, Joel S ShoreAbstract:Characterization of X-ray-generated floral mutants carrying deletions at the S -locus of distylous Turnera subulata
-
meiotic recombination in Turnera Turneraceae extreme sexual difference in rates but no evidence for recombination suppression associated with the distyly s locus
Heredity, 2007Co-Authors: J D J Labonne, A J Hilliker, Joel S ShoreAbstract:Meiotic recombination in Turnera (Turneraceae): extreme sexual difference in rates, but no evidence for recombination suppression associated with the distyly ( S ) locus
-
phylogenetic relationships chromosome and breeding system evolution in Turnera Turneraceae inferences from its sequence data
American Journal of Botany, 2005Co-Authors: Simon Truyens, Maria Mercedes Arbo, Joel S ShoreAbstract:Turnera provides a useful system for exploring two significant evolutionary phenomena—shifts in breeding system (distyly vs. homostyly) and the evolution of polyploids. To explore these, the first molecular phylogeny ofTurnera was constructed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA for 37 taxa. We attempted to resolve the origins of allopolyploid species using single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing of homeologous copies of ITS. Two allohexaploid species possessed putative ITS homeologues (T. velutina and T. orientalis). A phylogenetic analysis to identify progenitors contributing to the origins of these polyploids was unsuccessful, possibly as a result of concerted evolution of ITS. Breeding system evolution was mapped onto the phylogeny assuming distyly to be ancestral in Turnera. Self-compatible homostyly appears to have arisen independently at least three times in Turnera; however, we were not able to determine whether there have been independent origins of homostyly among hexaploid species in series Turnera. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that series Turnera is monophyletic. Neither series Microphyllae nor Anomalae, however, appear to be monophyletic. Future taxonomic revisions may require new circumscriptions of these latter series.
-
inheritance of spontaneous mutant homostyles in Turnera subulata krapovickasii and in autotetraploid t scabra Turneraceae
Heredity, 2005Co-Authors: Farshad Tamari, D. Khosravi, A J Hilliker, Joel S ShoreAbstract:To explore the genetic architecture of distyly in Turnera spp., we determined the inheritance and compatibility behaviour of two spontaneous homostyled mutants. A long-homostyled mutant shoot arose on an otherwise short-styled plant that was an artificial hybrid (Turnera subulata × T. krapovickasii) between two diploid distylous species. The mutation appears to be an allele, SH, of the distyly locus with the dominance relationships, S>SH>s, where S confers the short-styled phenotype, SH confers homostyly in SHSH and SHs genotypes, and ss genotypes are long-styled. Aberrant segregation ratios were observed among some crosses and might be the result of pollen competition. Compatibility relationships are consistent with the hypothesis that a gene complex determines distyly. Infrequently, revertant short-styled flowers have appeared on cuttings of the T. subulata × T. krapovickasii mutant and on occasion, short-styled progeny have appeared in crosses where none were expected. A second mutant homostyle was discovered in autotetraploid T. scabra. The mutation is inherited as above, however, tetrasomic inheritance occurs at the locus. This homostyled mutant carries two copies of the SH allele and has the duplex genotype SHSHss. Compatibility relationships were as observed above. The occurrence of homostyled mutants is consistent with the hypothesis that a linked gene complex underlies the inheritance of distyly in Turnera but we cannot discount the hypothesis that an allelic series is responsible.
-
Inheritance of spontaneous mutant homostyles in Turnera subulata × krapovickasii and in autotetraploid T. scabra (Turneraceae)
Heredity, 2004Co-Authors: Farshad Tamari, D. Khosravi, A J Hilliker, Joel S ShoreAbstract:Inheritance of spontaneous mutant homostyles in Turnera subulata × krapovickasii and in autotetraploid T. scabra (Turneraceae)
L Martinezmota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
pro sexual effects of Turnera diffusa wild Turneraceae in male rats involves the nitric oxide pathway
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Rosa Estradareyes, Miguel Carrojuarez, L MartinezmotaAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Turnera diffusa Wild has been used in folk medicine by its aphrodisiac and tranquilizing properties. Previously we experimentally showed the aphrodisiac effect of a chemically characterized aqueous extract of Turnera diffusa in male rats. However, the mechanism of action underlying such effects has not been studied. Study aims As part of our systematic studies of pharmacological properties of Turnera diffusa, we aimed to analyze whether the increased sexual motivation and the augmented sexual performance of sexually sluggish (SL) male rats treated with Turnera diffusa involves the NO pathway. Additionally we analyzed whether such effects were exerted at the level of the brain or the spinal cord. Finally, anxiety levels and ambulatory activity were also evaluated. Material and methods Turnera diffusa (10–40 mg/kg) and sildenafil citrate (10 mg/kg) with or without a nonspecific inhibitor of NO synthase, Nω-nitro- l -arginine methyl esther ( l -NAME, 12.5 mg/kg) were evaluated in SL rats, in a standard sexual behavior test and in the fictive ejaculation model in spinal cord transected and urethane-anaesthetized SL rats. Anxiety levels or ambulation were assessed in the burying behavior and open-field tests. Results Turnera diffusa and sildenafil (both at 10 mg/kg) facilitated expression of male sexual behavior by shortening mainly ejaculation latency. Treatments also facilitated the number of discharges in the ejaculatory motor pattern as well as the number of ejaculatory motor patterns and its associated penile erections. l -NAME prevented the pro-sexual effects of treatments on both experimental models. Besides, the extract of Turnera diffusa (10 mg/kg) produced an anxiolytic-like effect in male rats without affecting ambulation. Conclusions Findings from the present work support the notion that pro-sexual effect of the aqueous extract of Turnera diffusa in rats involves the participation of NO pathway, mainly at central level. The anxiolytic-like effect of Turnera diffusa is an advantage to its use for improving sexual performance.
-
Turnera diffusa wild Turneraceae recovers sexual behavior in sexually exhausted males
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2009Co-Authors: R Estradareyes, P Ortizlopez, J Gutierrezortiz, L MartinezmotaAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance In folk medicine, Turnera diffusa Wild (Turnera diffusa, Turneraceae) is considered as an aphrodisiac, but its ability to restore copulation in sexually inhibited subjects has not been reported. Aim of the study To determine whether Turnera diffusa recovers sexual behavior in sexually exhausted (SExh) male rats and to identify the main components in an aqueous extract. Materials and methods SExh males were treated with Turnera diffusa, 20–80 mg/kg, yohimbine, 2 mg/kg, or vehicle. Results Yohimbine and Turnera diffusa (80 mg/kg) significantly increased the percentage of males achieving one ejaculatory series and resuming a second one. In addition, Turnera diffusa significantly reduced the post-ejaculatory interval. These effects were not associated to an increase in locomotor activity or anxiety-like behaviors. The HPLC–ESI-MS analysis showed the presence of caffeine, arbutine, and flavonoids as the main compounds in the active extract. Conclusion The results support the use of Turnera diffusa as an aphrodisiac in traditional medicine and suggest possible therapeutic properties of Turnera diffusa on sexual dysfunction. The flavonoids present in active extract may participate in its pro-sexual effect, which is analogous to those produced by yohimbine, suggesting a shared mechanism of action.
Maria Mercedes Arbo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Turnera spicata : a new species of Turneraceae (Passifloraceae s.l. ) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Phytotaxa, 2018Co-Authors: Lamarck Rocha, Maria Mercedes Arbo, Patricia Luz RibeiroAbstract:Turnera spicata , a new species from the Atlantic Forest of the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, is described and illustrated here. The new species belongs to the ser. Capitatae , it can be recognized by leaves with 1–2(–3) pairs of basilaminar nectaries, bracteoles lanceolate, inflorescence spike-like abbreviated raceme, corolla white with yellow base and fruits with verrucose epicarp. Turnera spicata is morphologically compared with the closer species, T. albicans.
-
especie nueva de Turnera Turneraceae del cerrado de tocantins brasil
Bonplandia, 2015Co-Authors: Maria Mercedes ArboAbstract:Turnera confertiflora, a new, apparently homostyle species from Brasil, is described and illustrated. It belongs to Turneraseries Leiocarpae because of its smooth fruits, floriferous leaves with nectaries and immature seeds with epicuticular and stick-shaped wax. Its racemose inflorescences and linear or angusti-elliptic leaves resemble those of T. melochioidesvar. arenariafrom which T. confertifloracan be distinguished by the tomentose indumentum (vs. glabrous or pilose, never tomentose). Floral size and morphology are similar to those of T. angelicae, with pilose petals and staminal filaments, but with glabrous styles (vs. pilose). Turnera confertiflorais known only from the type specimen, collected in stony “cerrado” in Tocantins, municipality of Natividade
-
Morfoanatomía del óvulo y la semilla en Turnera y Piriqueta (Turneraceae)
Boletin De La Sociedad Botanica De Mexico, 2014Co-Authors: Ana María González, Maria Mercedes ArboAbstract:Algunos caracteres morfologicos seminales tienen importancia taxonomica y han sido usados para diferenciar generos y especies en la familia Turneraceae. Sin embargo, su anatomia fue estudiada en pocos taxones. Se analizaron las semillas en los generos mas numerosos de la familia: Piriqueta y Turnera, incluyendo todas las series del ultimo, a fin de completar la informacion acerca del desarrollo y variantes de los caracteres morfo-anatomicos. Los objetivos fueron caracterizar y constatar su valor taxonomico. Los ovulos presentan anatomia semejante en todas las especies analizadas. Los tegumentos seminales no son multiplicativos, el externo constituye la testa de la semilla, con dos capas de espesor, y el interno forma el tegmen triestratificado. La estructura basica de la cubierta seminal esta integrada por areolas (formadas por celulas gigantes de la endotesta) limitadas por muros (constituidos por esclereidas del exotegmen), cubiertas por la exotesta, que puede ser lisa o crestada. Algunas especies de Turnera y Piriqueta tienen depresiones punctiformes en las areolas, solitarias o dobles, determinadas por protrusiones de las celulas endotestales con paredes laberinticas en la cara interna. La cubierta seminal presenta dos tipos basicos: crestado y reticulado con dos subtipos segun el desarrollo de los muros. El subtipo reticulado aparece en Piriqueta y varias series de Turnera; el subtipo estriado-reticulado, con muros transversales poco visibles, en especies de algunas series de Turnera. La cubierta seminal crestada, exclusiva de T. sidoides L., se forma cuando las celulas de la exotesta producen crestas de altura diversa que enmascaran el diseno subyacente. En muchas especies de Piriqueta la exotesta presenta papilas digitifomes, mientras en Turnera aparecen otras papilas. El arilo es hilar en Piriqueta y en la gran mayoria de las especies de Turnera; dos especies de la serie Anomalae y dos
-
morphology phylogeny and biogeography of Turnera l Turneraceae
Taxon, 2009Co-Authors: Maria Mercedes Arbo, Shirley M EspertAbstract:Cladistic analyses are made based on morphological characters and chromosome basic numbers in order to test the monophyly of the nine series of genus Turnera (Turneraceae). Series Annulares and Turnera are monophyletic, and also series Anomalae with the exception of two species with unknown fruit and seed morphology. Series Microphyllae and Papilliferae should be merged, and also series Salicifoliae and Stenodictyae together with some species of series Capitatae. The Capitatae split in several groups and series Leiocarpae is unresolved. The Turnera sidoides complex should be separated into a new series. Biogeographic analyses show that the major diversification of the genus took place in the Chaquean subregion, with vicariance and dispersal events to other Neotropical subregions and Africa.
-
phylogenetic relationships chromosome and breeding system evolution in Turnera Turneraceae inferences from its sequence data
American Journal of Botany, 2005Co-Authors: Simon Truyens, Maria Mercedes Arbo, Joel S ShoreAbstract:Turnera provides a useful system for exploring two significant evolutionary phenomena—shifts in breeding system (distyly vs. homostyly) and the evolution of polyploids. To explore these, the first molecular phylogeny ofTurnera was constructed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA for 37 taxa. We attempted to resolve the origins of allopolyploid species using single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing of homeologous copies of ITS. Two allohexaploid species possessed putative ITS homeologues (T. velutina and T. orientalis). A phylogenetic analysis to identify progenitors contributing to the origins of these polyploids was unsuccessful, possibly as a result of concerted evolution of ITS. Breeding system evolution was mapped onto the phylogeny assuming distyly to be ancestral in Turnera. Self-compatible homostyly appears to have arisen independently at least three times in Turnera; however, we were not able to determine whether there have been independent origins of homostyly among hexaploid species in series Turnera. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that series Turnera is monophyletic. Neither series Microphyllae nor Anomalae, however, appear to be monophyletic. Future taxonomic revisions may require new circumscriptions of these latter series.
Ikhlas A Khan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
anti aromatase activity of the constituents from damiana Turnera diffusa
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2008Co-Authors: Jianping Zhao, Asok K Dasmahapatra, Shabana I Khan, Ikhlas A KhanAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd. Ex Schult) has traditionally been used as an herbal aphrodisiac. Aim of the study The study was aimed to investigate the anti-aromatse activity and the estrogenic activity of the constituents isolated from Turnera diffusa. Materials and methods The methanolic extract and 24 compounds isolated from the leaves of Turnera diffusa were evaluated for aromatase activity by using a tritiated-water release assay and for estrogenic activity by using yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay. Results The methanolic extract demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory activity of the aromatase enzyme with the IC50 value of 63.1 μg/ml. Among the 24 tested compounds, pinocembrin and acacetin showed the most potent inhibition with IC50 values of 10.8 and 18.7 μM, respectively. Estrogenic activity was also observed in the extract and three compounds including apigenin 7-glucoside, Z-echinacin and pinocembrin with EC50 values of 10, 20 and 67 μM, respectively. Conclusions The extract of Turnera diffusa and two isolated compounds pinocembrin and acacetin could significantly suppress aromatase activity. Moreover, apigenin 7-glucoside, Z-echinacin and pinocembrin showed estrogenic activity.
-
phytochemical investigation of Turnera diffusa
Journal of Natural Products, 2007Co-Authors: Jianping Zhao, Rahul S Pawar, Ikhlas A KhanAbstract:A phytochemical investigation of Turnera diffusa afforded 35 compounds, comprised of flavonoids, terpenoids, saccharides, phenolics, and cyanogenic derivatives, including five new compounds (1−5) and a new natural product (6). These compounds were characterized as luteolin 8-C-E-propenoic acid (1), luteolin 8-C-β-[6-deoxy-2-O-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-xylo-hexopyranos-3-uloside] (2), apigenin 7-O-(6‘ ‘-O-p-Z-coumaroyl-β-d-glucopyranoside) (3), apigenin 7-O-(4‘ ‘-O-p-Z-coumaroylglucoside) (4), syringetin 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside] (5), and laricitin 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside] (6). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
Christian Zidorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
ethnobotany phytochemistry and bioactivity of the genus Turnera passifloraceae with a focus on damiana Turnera diffusa
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014Co-Authors: Katarzyna Szewczyk, Christian ZidornAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Half a dozen of the currently accepted 135 Turnera species are used in traditional medicine, most notably Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. which is one of the most highly appreciated plant aphrodisiacs. Other traditional uses of Turnera L. species include the treatment of anaemia, bronchitis, cough, diabetes, fever, fungal disease, gastrointestinal complaints, pain, pulmonary and respiratory diseases, skin disorders, and women׳s health problems. Additionally, Turnera species are used as abortives, expectorants, and laxatives. Phytochemistry Flavonoids (22 different compounds), maltol glucoside, phenolics, cyanogenic glycosides (7 different compounds), monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, the polyterpene ficaprenol-11, fatty acids, and caffeine have been found in the genus Turnera. Bioactivity Bioactivities experimentally proven for members of the genus Turnera encompass antianxiety, antiaromatase, antibacterial including antimycobacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, adapatogenic, antiobesity, antispasmodic, cytotoxic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and aphrodisiac activities. Most of these activities have so far been investigated only in chemical, cell based, or animal assays. In contrast, the antiobesity activity was also investigated in a study on healthy human subjects and with a herbal preparation containing among other ingredients Turnera diffusa leaves. Moreover, the enhancement of female sexual function was assessed in humans; again the product contained besides Turnera diffusa other potentially bioactive ingredients. However, with only few exceptions, most of the traditional uses and the experimentally verified bioactivities can currently not be related to a particular compound or compound class. A notable exception is the flavonoid apigenin, which was identified animal experiments as the antinociceptive principle of Turnera diffusa. Conclusion In this review, the current knowledge on ethnobotanical uses of members of the genus Turnera, the secondary metabolites reported from Turnera, and experimentally documented bioactivities from Turnera extracts and pure compounds derived from Turnera extracts are compiled. Moreover, some of the most interesting avenues for future research projects are being discussed briefly. These include in particular the aphrodisiac activity of Turnera diffusa and the antibiotic activity potentiating effect of Turnera ulmifolia L. against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria.
-
Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damiana—Turnera diffusa
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014Co-Authors: Katarzyna Szewczyk, Christian ZidornAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Half a dozen of the currently accepted 135 Turnera species are used in traditional medicine, most notably Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. which is one of the most highly appreciated plant aphrodisiacs. Other traditional uses of Turnera L. species include the treatment of anaemia, bronchitis, cough, diabetes, fever, fungal disease, gastrointestinal complaints, pain, pulmonary and respiratory diseases, skin disorders, and women׳s health problems. Additionally, Turnera species are used as abortives, expectorants, and laxatives. Phytochemistry Flavonoids (22 different compounds), maltol glucoside, phenolics, cyanogenic glycosides (7 different compounds), monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, the polyterpene ficaprenol-11, fatty acids, and caffeine have been found in the genus Turnera. Bioactivity Bioactivities experimentally proven for members of the genus Turnera encompass antianxiety, antiaromatase, antibacterial including antimycobacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, adapatogenic, antiobesity, antispasmodic, cytotoxic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and aphrodisiac activities. Most of these activities have so far been investigated only in chemical, cell based, or animal assays. In contrast, the antiobesity activity was also investigated in a study on healthy human subjects and with a herbal preparation containing among other ingredients Turnera diffusa leaves. Moreover, the enhancement of female sexual function was assessed in humans; again the product contained besides Turnera diffusa other potentially bioactive ingredients. However, with only few exceptions, most of the traditional uses and the experimentally verified bioactivities can currently not be related to a particular compound or compound class. A notable exception is the flavonoid apigenin, which was identified animal experiments as the antinociceptive principle of Turnera diffusa. Conclusion In this review, the current knowledge on ethnobotanical uses of members of the genus Turnera, the secondary metabolites reported from Turnera, and experimentally documented bioactivities from Turnera extracts and pure compounds derived from Turnera extracts are compiled. Moreover, some of the most interesting avenues for future research projects are being discussed briefly. These include in particular the aphrodisiac activity of Turnera diffusa and the antibiotic activity potentiating effect of Turnera ulmifolia L. against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria.
