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John A. Walsh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mapping and candidate gene screening of the novel Turnip Mosaic Virus resistance gene retr02 in chinese cabbage brassica rapa l
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013Co-Authors: Wei Qian, John A. Walsh, Shujiang Zhang, Shifan Zhang, Hui Zhang, Xiaowu Wang, Rifei SunAbstract:The extreme resistance to Turnip Mosaic Virus observed in the Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) line, BP8407, is monogenic and recessive. Bulked segregant analysis was carried out to identify simple sequence repeat and Indel markers linked to this recessive resistance gene, termed recessive Turnip Mosaic Virus resistance 02 (retr02). Mapping of PCR-specific Indel markers on 239 individuals of a BP8407 × Ji Zao Chun F2 population, located this resistance gene to a 0.9-cM interval between two Indel markers (BrID10694 and BrID101309) and in scaffold000060 or scaffold000104 on chromosome A04 of the B. rapa genome. Eleven eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and 14 eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) genes are predicted in the B. rapa genome. A candidate gene, Bra035393 on scaffold000104, was predicted within the mapped resistance locus. The gene encodes the eIF(iso)4E protein. Bra035393 was sequenced in BP8407 and Ji Zao Chun. A polymorphism (A/G) was found in exon 3 between BP8407 and Ji Zao Chun. This gene was analysed in four resistant and three susceptible lines. A correlation was observed between the amino acid substitution (Gly/Asp) in the eIF(iso)4E protein and resistance/susceptibility. eIF(iso)4E has been shown previously to interact with the TuMV genome-linked protein, VPg.
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Genetic Resistance to Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) in Brassicas
2008Co-Authors: John A. Walsh, Carol E. Jenner, Judith M. Bambridge, Rachel L. Rusholme, Sara L. Hughes, Erin E. Higgins, Isobel Alison Papworth Parkin, Guy C. Barker, Derek J. LydiateAbstract:Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) is a member of the PotyVirus genus, infects a wide range of cultivated plant species and causes significant economic losses in Brassica crops (Shattuck, 1992). It is a positive strand RNA Virus (genome comprises 9830-9835 nucleotides) and is the subject of advanced molecular characterisation in terms of its interaction with brassicas (Walsh & Jenner, 2002). Plant genes for resistance to TuMV have been mapped in lettuce (Tu, Robbins et al., 1994), B. napus(TuRB01, Walsh et al., 1999; TuRB03, Hughes et al., 2003; TuRB04 and TuRB05, Walsh & Lydiate, unpublished) and B. rapa (TuRB01b, Rusholme et al., unpublished). All these brassica genes are dominant R genes that control resistance to narrow spectra of TuMV isolates; the viral avirulence determinants for these genes have been identified (Jenner et al., 2000; Walsh et al., 2002; Jenner et al., 2002; Jenner et al., 2003).
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The ecology of Turnip Mosaic Virus in wild populations of Brassica species.
2003Co-Authors: Alan Raybould, John A. Walsh, M. J. Alexander, E. Mitchell, Milo Thurston, D. W. Pallett, P. Hunter, M. L. Edwards, Alexandra M. E. Jones, Catherine L. MoyesAbstract:This paper reports the data on the incidence of Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) in wild brassicas and factors that might control the distribution of the Virus, including genetic variation in the host and Virus and the distribution of vectors of TuMV. It also reports the observations on the effects of TuMV infection on wild brassicas based on field and laboratory trials. It assesses whether the data assist in predicting the effects of TuMV resistance genes on the population dynamics of wild brassicas and recommends future research prospects.
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Coat protein-mediated resistance to Turnip Mosaic Virus in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Molecular Breeding, 2003Co-Authors: Przemyslaw Lehmann, Carol E. Jenner, Edward Kozubek, Andrew J. Greenland, John A. WalshAbstract:Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) lines transformedwith the coat protein (CP) gene of Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) were used to determine the effectiveness of resistance to TuMV mediatedby CP RNA or coat protein. Lines with one, two, or more copies of transgeneswere produced. T_2 and T_3 lines containing the CP genewitha functional start codon synthesised coat protein and showed high, but variablelevels of resistance to TuMV (21–96% resistant plants per line). TheT_1 and T_2 progeny of all lines carrying the CP gene withamutated start codon so that RNA but not protein was expressed, were assusceptible to TuMV as controls. Thus, in these experiments we were able toinduce CP-mediated resistance, but not RNA-mediated resistance.
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Turnip Mosaic Virus determinants of virulence for Brassica napus resistance genes
Plant Protection Science, 2002Co-Authors: Carol E. Jenner, F. Sánchez, K. Tomimura, K. Ohshima, F. Ponz, John A. WalshAbstract:Dominant resistance genes identified in Brassica napus lines are effective against some, but not all, Turnip Mosaic Virus<br />(TuMV) isolates. An infectious clone of an isolate (UK 1) was used as the basis of chimeric Virus constructions using<br />resistance-breaking mutants and other isolates to identify the virulence determinants for three dominant resistance genes.<br />For the resistance gene TuRB01, the presence of either of two mutations affecting the cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein<br />converted the avirulent UK 1 to a virulent isolate. Acquisition of such mutations had a slight cost to viral fitness in<br />plants lacking the resistance gene. A similar strategy is being used to identify the virulence determinants for two more<br />resistance genes present in another B. napus line.
Kazusato Ohshima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of the percentage identical nucleotides and amino acids in the polyprotein region between the basal narcissus Virus 1 (NV-1) isolatesa and other Turnip Mosaic Virus phylogenetic group Virus isolates.
2018Co-Authors: Kazusato Ohshima, Shinichiro Mitoma, Adrian J. GibbsAbstract:Comparison of the percentage identical nucleotides and amino acids in the polyprotein region between the basal narcissus Virus 1 (NV-1) isolatesa and other Turnip Mosaic Virus phylogenetic group Virus isolates.
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Molecular characterisation of Turnip Mosaic Virus isolates from Brassicaceae weeds
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2008Co-Authors: Shirin Farzadfar, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Mutsumi Ikematsu, Reza Pourrahim, Ali Reza Golnaraghi, Kazusato OhshimaAbstract:Eight provinces of Iran were surveyed during 2003–2008 to find Brassicaceae reservoir weed hosts of Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV). A total of 532 weed samples were collected from plants with Virus-like symptoms. The samples were tested for the presence of TuMV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using specific antibodies. Among those tested, 340 samples (64%) were found to be infected with TuMV. Rapistrum rugosum, Sisymberium loeselii, S. irio and Hirschfeldia incana were identified as the Brassicaceae weed hosts of TuMV, and the former two plant species were found to be the most important weed hosts for the Virus in Iran. The full-length sequences of the genomic RNAs of IRN TRa6 and IRN SS5 isolates from R. rugosum and S. loeselii were determined. No evidence of recombination was found in both isolates using different recombination-detecting programmes. Phylogenetic analyses of the weed isolates with representative isolates from the world showed that the IRN TRa6 and IRN SS5 isolates fell into an ancestral basal-Brassica group. This study shows for the first time the wide distribution and phylogenetic relationships of TuMV from weeds in the mid-Eurasia of Iran.
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Occurrence and molecular characterization of Turkish isolates of Turnip Mosaic Virus
Plant Pathology, 2008Co-Authors: Savas Korkmaz, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Serkan Önder, Kazusato OhshimaAbstract:A total of 142 samples of plants showing symptoms of Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) were collected from fields planted to Brassicaceae and non-Brassicaceae crops in the southwest Marmora region of Turkey, during the 2004−06 growing seasons. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) TuMV was detected in the main brassica-crop fields of Turkey, with an overall incidence of 13·4%. TuMV was detected in samples from Brussels sprouts, cabbage, wild mustard, radish and wild radish, but not cauliflower or broccoli. The full-length sequences of the genomic RNAs of two biologically distinct isolates, TUR1 and TUR9, were determined. Recombination analyses showed that TUR1 was an intralineage recombinant, whereas TUR9 was a non-recombinant. Phylogenetic analyses of the Turkish isolates with those from the rest of the world showed that the TUR1 and TUR9 isolates belonged to world-Brassica and Asian-Brassica/Raphanus groups, respectively. This study showed that TuMV is widely distributed in the Asia Minor region of Turkey.
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The genetic structure of populations of Turnip Mosaic Virus in Kyushu and central Honshu, Japan
Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Tohru Yamashita, Kazusato OhshimaAbstract:The genetic structure of the populations of Turnip Mosaic Virus in Kyushu and central Honshu, Japan was assessed. The host specificity of isolates was determined, and their gene sequences compared utilizing a population genetic approach. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences revealed that 32 of 49 Honshu isolates (65%) collected during 1997–2001 belonged to the basal-BR group as did 23 of 64 isolates from Kyushu. All these basal-BR isolates infected both Brassica and Raphanus plants. However, analyses of the positions of recombination sites in five regions of the genome (one third of the full sequence) showed that at least four intra-lineage recombinants were present in these populations. These analyses showed that Kyushu and Honshu shared none of these subpopulations, and genetically distinct basal-BR populations were present in the two districts. We conclude that different basal-BR subpopulations had expanded into those districts.
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reservoir weed hosts for Turnip Mosaic Virus in iran
Plant Disease, 2005Co-Authors: Shirin Farzadfar, Reza Pourrahim, Ali Reza Golnaraghi, Sarah Sajedi, Kazusato Ohshima, A. AhoonmaneshAbstract:During the summer of 2003, weed samples of Rapistrum rugosum and Sisymbrium loeselii showing severe Mosaic, malformation, and stunting were collected from cauliflower fields in Tehran Province of Iran. Using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with specific polyclonal antibodies, the samples were tested for the presence of Beet western yellows Virus, Cauliflower Mosaic Virus, Radish Mosaic Virus, Turnip crinkle Virus, Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), Cucumber Mosaic Virus, and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur, Marnes-La-Coquette, France). Leaf extracts were used for mechanical inoculation and they produced chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor, necrotic lesions on leaves and shoot apex necrosis on Nicotiana glutinosa, leaf deformation, Mosaic, and stunting on Petunia hybrida, and severe Mosaic, distortion, and stunting on Brassica rapa. These symptoms were similar to those that were described previously for TuMV (4)...
G. J. Houliston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First record of Turnip Mosaic Virus in Cook's scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum agg.) – an endangered native plant in New Zealand
Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2009Co-Authors: J. D. Fletcher, Simon Bulman, P. J. Fletcher, G. J. HoulistonAbstract:Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum agg.) is an endangered species of native Brassicaceae that is considered threatened with extinction. Virus-like disease symptoms were observed in a newly introduced plant of L. oleraceum at Stony Bay, Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand. This is the first record of a Virus in L. oleraceum and the first report of a Turnip Mosaic Virus infection in a New Zealand native host.
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first record of Turnip Mosaic Virus in cook s scurvy grass lepidium oleraceum agg an endangered native plant in new zealand
Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2009Co-Authors: J. D. Fletcher, Simon Bulman, P. J. Fletcher, G. J. HoulistonAbstract:Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum agg.) is an endangered species of native Brassicaceae that is considered threatened with extinction. Virus-like disease symptoms were observed in a newly introduced plant of L. oleraceum at Stony Bay, Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand. This is the first record of a Virus in L. oleraceum and the first report of a Turnip Mosaic Virus infection in a New Zealand native host.
V I Shattuck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Glucosinolates and Glucosinolate Degradation in Seeds from Turnip Mosaic Virus-Infected Rapid Cycle Brassica campestris L. Plants
Journal of Experimental Botany, 1993Co-Authors: V I ShattuckAbstract:The effects of Turnip Mosaic Virus infection on glucosinolate levels and catabolism was studied in the mature seeds of rapid cycling Brassica campestris L. plants. Disease infection altered the total and soluble N concentrations in seeds. Infected plants suffered growth reduction and increased concentration of several seed glucosinolates compared to non-infected plants. The activity of partially purified seed myrosinase was not affected by maternal plant infection. Systemic viral infection did not induce qualitative or quantitative alterations in the seed glucosinolate degradation profile. Two major breakdown products, 3-butenylisothiocyanate and l-cyano-3, 4-epithiobutane, were identified during autolysis and were, presumably, derived from 3-butenyl-GS, the most abundant seed glucosinolate. These results indicate that the glucosinolate concentration and profile, but not glucosinolate catabolism, is affected in seeds produced on Turnip Mosaic Virus-infected rapid cycling plants.
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effect of Turnip Mosaic Virus infection on the development Virus titer glucosinolate concentrations and storability of rutabaga roots
Plant Disease, 1991Co-Authors: L W Stobbs, V I Shattuck, Barry J. ShelpAbstract:Rows of rutabaga plants, grown in a greenhouse groundbed, were inoculated with Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) at 2-wk intervals during root development. Plants inoculated within 12 wk after seeding produced unmarketable roots that were small and elongated with severe goosenecking of the upper root and stem. Dry matter content of healthy roots infected at different stages in their development did not differ significantly. Infected roots contained low levels of Virus, independent of the stage of root development at which they were inoculated. The presence of TuMV in roots and decay of the roots in storage were not correlated (...)
L. D. Bao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sequence analysis and expression in E. coli of Turnip Mosaic Virus coat protein gene
Chinese journal of virology, 1994Co-Authors: X. J. Anping, Xue Zhaoyang, Chen Jishuang, Zhang Yaozhou, L. D. BaoAbstract:One virulent isolate of Turnip Mosaic Virus was isolated from infected Brassica rape in Hangzhou suburbs. The Virus was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The purified Virus particles observed by electronic microscope were about 740nm×12nm. The cDNA was synthesized with oligo(dT)_(15) and PCR was carried out with two mutagenesis primers flanking the coat protein gene. One specific DNA segment was amplified. It was cloned into pUC18. The sequence of the coat protein gene was 867 nucleotides long determined by Sanger dideoxy method. It was compared with two reported TuMV coat protein gene sequences. The homology of nucleotide sequences between them were 89.5% and 96.7% respectively and the homology of amino acid sequences were 94.5% and 97.9% respectively. The coat protein gene was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pKK233-2. E. coli containing the expression vector with the inserted fragment was induced by IPTG. It was proved that the coat protein gene was expressed in E. coli by Western blotting.
