The Experts below are selected from a list of 1038 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Dewi, Eva Oktavia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Studi Fumigan Daun Kacang Babi Dan Daun Mimba Terhadap Reproduksi Dan Mortalitas Tungau Tyrophagus longiorStudi Fumigan Daun Kacang Babi Dan Daun Mimba Terhadap Reproduksi Dan Mortalitas Tungau Tyrophagus longior
2017Co-Authors: Dewi, Eva OktaviaAbstract:Gudang penyimpanan merupakan tempat yang penting untuk menyimpan hasil panen. Pengelolaan gudang penyimpanan yang kurang baik berpotensi menurunkan kualitas produk simpanan. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas bahan simpan adalah kerusakan yang diakibatkan serangan tungau gudang Tyrophagus longior Gervais. Upaya untuk meminimalisir serangan tungau T. longior yang umumnya digunakan adalah teknik fumigasi dengan pestisida kimia sintetik. Penggunaan pestisida kimia yang kurang bijaksana menimbulkan dampak yang buruk. Dampak tersebut dapat dikurangi dengan memanfaatkan beberapa senyawa-senyawa aktif yang terkandung didalam bagian tumbuhan sebagai pestisida botani. Tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan antara lain daun kacang babi Tephrosia vogelii J.D. Hooker dan daun mimba Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh fumigan daun kacang babi (FDKB) dan fumigan daun mimba (FDM) terhadap reproduksi dan mortalitas tungau T. longior. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Toksikologi Pestisida dan Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Agustus 2016 sampai Januari 2017. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga percobaan. Percobaan pertama bertujuan untuk menentukkan nilai LC50 pada FDKB dan FDM yang terdiri dari 6 konsentrasi yaitu 0, 500, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000, 8.000 ppm yang masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Berdasarkan percobaan pertama, ditemukan nilai LC50 FDKB sebesar 230 ppm dan FDM sebesar 1.400 ppm yang masing-masing selanjutnya digunakan sebagai perlakuan pada percobaan kedua. Percobaan kedua bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh masing-masing konsentrasi fumigan terhadap reproduksi tungau T. longior. Pada percobaan tersebut masing-masing perlakuan diulang 20 kali. Percobaan ketiga bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi FDKB pada konsentrasi 0, 115, 230, 460 ppm dan FDM pada konsentrasi 0, 700, 1.400, 2.800 ppm terhadap mortalitas setiap fase tungau T. longior. Masing-masing kosentrasi tersebut digunakan sebagai perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 20 kali. Nilai LC50 dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak probit Hsin Chi. Data mortalitas setiap fase tungau dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam pada taraf 5%. Sedangkan data keperidian, lama hidup jantan, lama hidup betina, dan perbandingan mortalitas setiap fase tungau T. longior setelah aplikasi fumigan dianalisis dengan uji t pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50 FDKB yaitu 230 ppm dan FDM yaitu 1.400 ppm. Aplikasi FDKB dan FDM mampu menurunkan reproduksi ii tungau T. longior. Hal tersebut terlihat rata-rata jumlah telur yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing imago betina setelah aplikasi FDKB (0 butir) dan FDM (2,70 butir) lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kontrol (208,45 butir). Aplikasi FDKB pada konsentrasi 460 ppm mampu meningkatkan mortalitas larva sebesar 97,50%, nimfa sebesar 100 % dan imago sebesar 100%, serta menurunkan daya tetas telur sebesar 90,5 %. Pada aplikasi FDM mampu meningkatkan mortalitas imago sebesar 92,25 % pada konsentrasi 1.400 ppm sedangkan pada larva, nimfa dan telur tidak mengakibatkan kematian. Berdasarkan nilai LC50 masing-masing fumigan, aplikasi FDKB lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan mortalitas tungau T. longior pada fase telur, larva, dan nimfa dibandingkan aplikasi FDM. Namun, aplikasi kedua fumigan tersebut sangat efektif untuk menurunkan daya reproduksi tungau T. longior. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis memberikan beberapa saran yaitu perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui potensi FDKB dan FDM untuk mengendalikan tungau gudang lainnya. Selain itu, untuk menghindari tungau mati diluar arena percobaan maka perlu dilakukannya modifikasi pada arena percobaan agar tungau mati tepat di dalam arena percobaan
Yasumasa Kuwahara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
biosynthesis of linoleic acid in Tyrophagus mites acarina acaridae
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Takako Aboshi, Nobuhiro Shimizu, Yoshiyuki Honda, Yuji Nakajima, Yasumasa Kuwahara, Hiroshi Amano, Naoki MoriAbstract:We report here that Tyrophagus similis and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Astigmata: Acaridae) have the ability to biosynthesize linoleic acid [(9Z, 12Z)-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid] via a Δ12-desaturation step, although animals in general and vertebrates in particular appear to lack this ability. When the mites were fed on dried yeast enriched with d31-hexadecanoic acid (16:0), d27-octadecadienoic acid (18:2), produced from d31-hexadecanoic acid through elongation and desaturation reactions, was identified as a major fatty acid component of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) in the mites. The double bond position of d27-octadecadienoic acid (18:2) of PCs and PEs was determined to be 9 and 12, respectively by dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) derivatization. Furthermore, the GC/MS retention time of methyl 9, 12-octadecadienoate obtained from mite extracts agreed well with those of authentic linoleic acid methyl ester. It is still unclear whether the mites themselves or symbiotic microorganisms are responsible for inserting a double bond into the Δ12 position of octadecanoic acid. However, we present here the unique metabolism of fatty acids in the mites.
-
chemical ecology of astigmatid mites lxxxvii s isopiperitenone re identification of the alarm pheromone as the female sex pheromone in Tyrophagus similis acari acaridae
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Gorou Maruno, Yasumasa Kuwahara, Naoki MoriAbstract:Behavioral analysis revealed that S-(+)-isopiperitenone [(S)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one], previously identified as an alarm pheromone, is also the female sex pheromone of Tyrophagus similis (Astigmata: Acaridae), showing maximum male attraction at a dose of 0.1 female equivalent. Although the antipode, R-(−)-isopiperitenone, was not detectable in the mite extract, this synthetic optical isomer (80% e.e.) also induced activity at a dose of 100 ng, a response indicative of S-(+)-isopiperitenone being the active compound. The average content was determined to be 38.5 ng per female and 19.8 ng per male. This is the first example of an astigmatid mite species possessing a compound that functions as an alarm as well as a sex pheromone.
-
stereochemistry of female specific normonoterpenes sex pheromone candidates from the acarid mite tyreophagus sp astigmata acaridae
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Nobuhiro Shimizu, Naoki Mori, Kuniaki Miwa, Koji Noge, Ryota Yakumaru, Yasumasa KuwaharaAbstract:Two normonoterpenes were detected from an unidentified Tyreophagus sp. as new female-specific components. Both planar structures were identified to be 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal (1) and 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol (2) by GC/MS co-chromatography with synthetic 1 and 2. The stereochemistry of 2 was determined to be R by a GC analysis with a chiral column, while that of 1 was presumed to be similar to 2 based on the biosynthetic aspects.
Hiroshi Amano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
biosynthesis of linoleic acid in Tyrophagus mites acarina acaridae
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Takako Aboshi, Nobuhiro Shimizu, Yoshiyuki Honda, Yuji Nakajima, Yasumasa Kuwahara, Hiroshi Amano, Naoki MoriAbstract:We report here that Tyrophagus similis and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Astigmata: Acaridae) have the ability to biosynthesize linoleic acid [(9Z, 12Z)-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid] via a Δ12-desaturation step, although animals in general and vertebrates in particular appear to lack this ability. When the mites were fed on dried yeast enriched with d31-hexadecanoic acid (16:0), d27-octadecadienoic acid (18:2), produced from d31-hexadecanoic acid through elongation and desaturation reactions, was identified as a major fatty acid component of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) in the mites. The double bond position of d27-octadecadienoic acid (18:2) of PCs and PEs was determined to be 9 and 12, respectively by dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) derivatization. Furthermore, the GC/MS retention time of methyl 9, 12-octadecadienoate obtained from mite extracts agreed well with those of authentic linoleic acid methyl ester. It is still unclear whether the mites themselves or symbiotic microorganisms are responsible for inserting a double bond into the Δ12 position of octadecanoic acid. However, we present here the unique metabolism of fatty acids in the mites.
-
spatial distribution of Tyrophagus similis acari acaridae in agricultural soils under greenhouse conditions
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2005Co-Authors: Shikoh Kasuga, Hiroshi AmanoAbstract:We investigated the horizontal and vertical distribution of Tyrophagus similis in agricultural soils in two greenhouses between May 1997 and May 1998. Tyrophagus similis inhabited not only the cultivated soil, but also the uncultivated soil in the periphery of the cultivated area inside the greenhouse and the soil immediately outside the greenhouses. The mite density in the cultivated and peripheral soils increased in the cooler months and decreased in the warmer months. We collected only small numbers of T. similis from the adjacent outside soil during the survey period. In the cultivated soil, most T. similis inhabited soil at depths of 0–5 cm throughout the year, and their numbers decreased with depth. These results suggest that the main control point of T. similis is the 0–5-cm soil layer in cultivated and peripheral soils of the greenhouse.
-
a bait trap for monitoring acarid mites acari acaridae in agricultural soils
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2005Co-Authors: Shikoh Kasuga, Kenichiro Honda, Akira Kawai, Hiroshi AmanoAbstract:An acarid bait trap constructed from moistened, folded filter paper containing a small quantity of dry yeast was used to monitor the number of Tyrophagus similis and Rhizoglyphus robini in agricultural soils. In laboratory-based evaluations, the trap captured, on average, 88% (capture rate=no. of captured/no. of released×100 (%)) of the T. similis and 65% of the R. robini adults by 3 d after application of the trap, though the capture rate was lower for the immature stages of both species. Field trials were carried out to monitor T. similis numbers in a spinach greenhouse soil and R. robini numbers in a Welsh onion field soil using both the bait trap and the Tullgren funnel. Population trends for T. similis were similar in both trials, but T. similis numbers were consistently and significantly higher in the bait trap than in the Tullgren funnel. Numbers of R. robini obtained from the soil did not differ significantly between the two methods. These results suggest that efficient monitoring of acarids in the genera Tyrophagus and Rhizoglyphus is possible using the acarid bait trap.
-
seasonal prevalence and susceptibility to agrochemicals of Tyrophagus similis acari acaridae in spinach buds and agricultural soil under greenhouse conditions
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2003Co-Authors: Shikoh Kasuga, Hiroshi AmanoAbstract:Seasonal prevalence of Tyrophagus similis was investigated from 1997 to 1998 in two spinach greenhouses in central Japan. Susceptibility of T. similis to agrochemicals was also tested in the laboratory. Tyrophagus similis density in the soil was low during the high temperature period from May to August. The density rapidly increased in late autumn and remained at a high level during the cool season from December to February. The number further increased in April and then rapidly decreased in May. The high temperatures in the greenhouses from spring to early autumn are considered the main causes of population decrease. Mites on spinach buds increased the number after those on and in the soil increased. Mites attacked spinach buds mostly in late autumn and early spring. Dichlorvos did not reduce the number of mites in either greenhouse even though it was highly toxic under laboratory condition. This discrepancy suggests that the mites in both the soil and spinach buds had little direct contact with the chemicals. These data suggest that once crop damage by mites is detected, it is usually too late to use chemicals, and that mites that live in the buds are protected from agrochemicals.
-
susceptibility of 18 japanese populations of Tyrophagus similis volgin acari acaridae to ddvp ec
Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2002Co-Authors: Shikoh Kasuga, Hiroshi AmanoAbstract:Toxicity bioassay of 18 Japanese populations of Tyrophagus similis was conducted under laboratory conditions with a field dose of DDVP (50% EC, ×1,000). Results showed that DDVP EC had high acaricidal activity in all populations. Therefore, the low control effect of DDVP under field conditions shown in the early paper (Kasuga and Amano, 2000) is speculated to be the result of chemicals particles not satisfactorily reaching mites both in the soil and on spinach plants.
Zhiqiang Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Age and size at maturity in Tyrophagus curvipenis (Acari: Acaridae) when fed on three different diets
2016Co-Authors: Zhiqiang ZhangAbstract:Tyrophagus curvipenis Fain & Fauvel, 1993 (Acari: Acaridae) has been reported from a very broad range o
-
Age and size at maturity in Tyrophagus curvipenis (Acari: Acaridae) when fed on three different diets
2014Co-Authors: Zhiqiang ZhangAbstract:Abstract Tyrophagus curvipeni
-
Description
2012Co-Authors: Qing-hai Fan, Zhiqiang Zhang, R. L. PalmaAbstract:Tyrophagus (Acari: Acaridae) are primarily fungivorous mites commonly found in stored food products and decaying organic matter. They are also associates of various insects, or inhabitants of vertebrate nests. They are the most abundant and economically important mites inhabiting stored food and products. Some Tyrophagus species are also facultatively phytophagous and can cause economic damage to plants, including both ornamental flowers and vegetables grown in greenhouses. In this contribution, Tyrophagus mites of New Zealand are comprehensively revised, along with species found in Australia and other Oceanian countries. This will assist identification and facilitate requests for rapid quarantine decisions from trading partners. Ten species, including two new species, are described and illustrated from New Zealand: Tyrophagus communis sp. n.
-
Tyrophagus acari astigmata acaridae
Fauna of New Zealand, 2007Co-Authors: Zhiqiang ZhangAbstract:Tyrophagus (Acari: Acaridae) are primarily fungivorous mites commonly found in stored food products and decaying organic matter. They are also associates of various insects, or inhabitants of vertebrate nests. They are the most abundant and economically important mites inhabiting stored food and products. Some Tyrophagus species are also facultatively phytophagous and can cause economic damage to plants, including both ornamental flowers and vegetables grown in greenhouses. In this contribution, Tyrophagus mites of New Zealand are comprehensively revised, along with species found in Australia and other Oceanian countries. This will assist identification and facilitate requests for rapid quarantine decisions from trading partners. Ten species, including two new species, are described and illustrated from New Zealand: Tyrophagus communis sp. n., T. curvipenis Fain & Fauvel, T. longior (Gervais), T. macfarlanei sp. n., T. neiswanderi Johnston & Bruce, T. putrescentiae (Schrank), T. robertsonae Lynch, T. savasi Lynch, T. similis Volgin, and T. vanheurni Oudemans. Seven species, including three new species, are described and illustrated from Australia and Oceanian countries: T. australasiae (Oudemans), T. javensis (Oudemans), T. pacificus sp. n., T. perniciosus Zakhvatkin, T. tropicus Robertson, T. womersleyi sp. n., and T. xenoductus sp. n. Identification keys to adult females and males are given, along with taxonomic references, hosts/habitats and distribution data of each species. In addition to the descriptions of five new species, the following nomenclatural changes are made: Tyrophagus africanus Meyer & Rodrigues, 1966 syn. n. of Tyrophagus neiswanderi Johnston & Bruce, 1965; T. palmarum Oudemans sensu Robertson, 1959 syn. n. of T. vanheurni Oudemans (revived). The species concepts of T. putrescentiae (Schrank) and T. javensis (Oudemans) are clarified. Checklist of taxa Species in New Zealand Tyrophagus communis sp. n. Tyrophagus curvipenis Fain & Fauvel Tyrophagus longior (Gervais) Tyrophagus macfarlanei sp. n. Tyrophagus neiswanderi Johnston & Bruce Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) Tyrophagus robertsonae Lynch Tyrophagus savasi Lynch Tyrophagus similis Volgin Tyrophagus vanheurni Oudemans Australasian and Oceanian species not present in New Zealand Tyrophagus australasiae (Oudemans) Tyrophagus javensis (Oudemans) Tyrophagus pacificus sp. n. Tyrophagus perniciosus Zakhvatkin Tyrophagus tropicus Robertson Tyrophagus womersleyi sp. n. Tyrophagus xenoductus sp. n.
Chaopin Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the storage mite pest Tyrophagus longior gervais acari acaridae and comparative mitogenomic analysis of four acarid mites
Gene, 2016Co-Authors: Banghe Yang, Chaopin LiAbstract:Abstract Mites of the genus Tyrophagus are economically important polyphagous pest commonly living on stored products and also responsible for allergic reactions to humans. Complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) and the gene features therein are widely used as molecular markers in the study of population genetics, phylogenetics as well as molecular evolution. However, scarcity on the sequence data has greatly impeded the studies in these areas pertaining to the Acari (mites and ticks). Information on the Tyrophagus mitogenomes is quite critical for phylogenetic evaluation and molecular evolution of the mitogenomes within Acariformes. Herein, we reported the complete mitogenome of the allergenic acarid storage mite Tyrophagus longior (Astigmata: Acaridae), an important member of stored food pests, and compared with those of other three acarid mites. The complete mitogenome of T. longior was a circular molecule of 13,271 bp. Unexpectedly, only 19 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) were present, lacking trnF, trnS1 and trnQ. Furthermore, it also contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 2 genes for rRNA (rrnS and rrnL) commonly detected in metazoans. The four mitogenomes displayed similar characteristics with respect to the gene content, nucleotide comparison, and codon usages. Yet, the gene order of T. longior was different from that in other Acari. The J-strands of the four mitogenomes possessed high A + T content (67.4–70.0%), and exhibited positive GC-skews and negative AT-skews. Most inferred tRNAs of T. longior were extremely truncated, lacking either a D- or T-arm, as found in other acarid mites. In T. longior mitogenome the A + T-rich region was just 50 bp in length and can be folded as a stable stem-loop structure, whereas in the region some structures of microsatellite-like (AT)n and palindromic sequences was not present. Besides, reconstructing of the phylogenetic relationship based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 PCGs supported that monophyly of the family Acaridae and the order Astigmata, to which the former belongs. Our results were consistent with the traditional classifications.
