The Experts below are selected from a list of 177 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Johanne Brunet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Elm genetic diversity and hybridization in the presence of Dutch elm disease
2017Co-Authors: Johanne Brunet, Raymond P. GuriesAbstract:The impact of Dutch elm disease (DED) on the genetic diversity of slippery elm (Ulmus Rubra) is summarized and its potential impact on the genetic diversity of other North American native elms, American elm (U. americana), rock elm (U. thomasii), winged elm (U. alata), cedar elm (U. crassifolia), and September elm (U. serotina), is discussed. The potential for hybridization between the introduced Siberian elm U. pumila and the native North American elms is considered given previous findings with U. Rubra. We do not expect DED to reduce the genetic diversity of these native elms. The only exception may be U. serotina if its restricted range leads to genetic discontinuities among populations. We do not expect hybridization between U. americana and U. pumila due to incompatibility barriers, but hybridization between U. pumila and other native elms appears more likely and could have negative effects on the long term conservation of these species. This information is timely given the current efforts to restore American elm across the U.S. landscape.
-
Conservation of genetic diversity in slippery elm (Ulmus Rubra) in Wisconsin despite the devastating impact of Dutch elm disease
Conservation Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Johanne Brunet, Juan Zalapa, Raymond GuriesAbstract:Forest pest epidemics are responsible for many population declines reported in forest trees. While forest tree populations tend to be genetically diverse, in principle mortality resulting from disease could diminish that genetic diversity and alter the genetic structure of the remnant populations with consequences for the ability of a species to adapt to changing environments. Slippery elm ( Ulmus Rubra Muhl.) is a long-lived, wind-pollinated forest tree with a native range covering essentially all of eastern North America. Dutch elm disease (DED) caused by an introduced fungal pathogen ( Ophiostoma ulmi ) devastated North American elm populations, including slippery elm, beginning in the 1930s. Estimates of the numbers of elms lost to DED are unknown but range into the hundreds of millions of trees given their former abundance. In this study, the genotypes of 77 herbarium specimens collected between 1890 and 2004 in Wisconsin, and of 100 slippery elm trees from five wild Wisconsin populations, were characterized using 13 microsatellite loci. Levels of genetic diversity were compared between the herbarium specimens collected pre- and post-DED spread in Wisconsin. In addition, the levels of genetic diversity and degree of genetic differentiation were quantified in the five wild populations. The allelic diversity and expected levels of heterozygosity were similar between the pre- and post-DED herbarium specimens. The five wild populations were only slightly differentiated and no genetic bottleneck was detected for any population. At least in Wisconsin, slippery elm apparently has maintained levels of genetic diversity that could facilitate adaptation to future climatic and environmental changes.
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The extent of hybridization and its impact on the genetic diversity and population structure of an invasive tree, Ulmus pumila (Ulmaceae)
Evolutionary Applications, 2010Co-Authors: Juan Zalapa, Johanne Brunet, Raymond P. GuriesAbstract:Ulmus pumila is considered an invasive tree in 41 of the United States. In this study, we examined the extent of hybridization in naturalized populations of U. pumila, its impact on genetic diversity and genetic structure and its potential role in explaining the invasion process of U. pumila. Genetic analyses indicated widespread hybridization with native Ulmus Rubra in naturalized U. pumila populations. Hybridization increased the genetic diversity of U. pumila populations and affected their genetic structure. The level of genetic diversity in ‘mature’ accessions, many of which may represent original plantings throughout the USA, was high and similar to the diversity of East Asian accessions. Hybridization with the native red elm may play an important role in the success of Siberian elm as an invader in temperate regions of the USA.
-
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for red elm (Ulmus Rubra Muhl.) and cross-species amplification with Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.).
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2008Co-Authors: Juan Zalapa, Johanne Brunet, Raymond P. GuriesAbstract:Ulmus pumila is an elm species, non-native to the USA that hybridizes with Ulmus Rubra. In order to study the genetic structure and hybridization patterns between these two elm species, we developed 15 primer pairs for microsatellite loci in U. Rubra and tested their cross-amplification in U. pumila. All 15 primers amplified in both species, 11 of which possessed species-specific alleles. Eight loci were polymorphic in U. pumila and eight in U. Rubra, each with two to eight alleles per locus. In addition, five primer pairs previously developed in U. laevis and U. carpinifolia (syn. U. minor) cross-amplified and showed polymorphic loci in U. pumila and/or U. Rubra. These markers will facilitate the study of genetic structure and gene flow between U. Rubra and exotic, invasive U. pumila.
Raymond Guries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Conservation of genetic diversity in slippery elm (Ulmus Rubra) in Wisconsin despite the devastating impact of Dutch elm disease
Conservation Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Johanne Brunet, Juan Zalapa, Raymond GuriesAbstract:Forest pest epidemics are responsible for many population declines reported in forest trees. While forest tree populations tend to be genetically diverse, in principle mortality resulting from disease could diminish that genetic diversity and alter the genetic structure of the remnant populations with consequences for the ability of a species to adapt to changing environments. Slippery elm ( Ulmus Rubra Muhl.) is a long-lived, wind-pollinated forest tree with a native range covering essentially all of eastern North America. Dutch elm disease (DED) caused by an introduced fungal pathogen ( Ophiostoma ulmi ) devastated North American elm populations, including slippery elm, beginning in the 1930s. Estimates of the numbers of elms lost to DED are unknown but range into the hundreds of millions of trees given their former abundance. In this study, the genotypes of 77 herbarium specimens collected between 1890 and 2004 in Wisconsin, and of 100 slippery elm trees from five wild Wisconsin populations, were characterized using 13 microsatellite loci. Levels of genetic diversity were compared between the herbarium specimens collected pre- and post-DED spread in Wisconsin. In addition, the levels of genetic diversity and degree of genetic differentiation were quantified in the five wild populations. The allelic diversity and expected levels of heterozygosity were similar between the pre- and post-DED herbarium specimens. The five wild populations were only slightly differentiated and no genetic bottleneck was detected for any population. At least in Wisconsin, slippery elm apparently has maintained levels of genetic diversity that could facilitate adaptation to future climatic and environmental changes.
Juan Zalapa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Conservation of genetic diversity in slippery elm (Ulmus Rubra) in Wisconsin despite the devastating impact of Dutch elm disease
Conservation Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Johanne Brunet, Juan Zalapa, Raymond GuriesAbstract:Forest pest epidemics are responsible for many population declines reported in forest trees. While forest tree populations tend to be genetically diverse, in principle mortality resulting from disease could diminish that genetic diversity and alter the genetic structure of the remnant populations with consequences for the ability of a species to adapt to changing environments. Slippery elm ( Ulmus Rubra Muhl.) is a long-lived, wind-pollinated forest tree with a native range covering essentially all of eastern North America. Dutch elm disease (DED) caused by an introduced fungal pathogen ( Ophiostoma ulmi ) devastated North American elm populations, including slippery elm, beginning in the 1930s. Estimates of the numbers of elms lost to DED are unknown but range into the hundreds of millions of trees given their former abundance. In this study, the genotypes of 77 herbarium specimens collected between 1890 and 2004 in Wisconsin, and of 100 slippery elm trees from five wild Wisconsin populations, were characterized using 13 microsatellite loci. Levels of genetic diversity were compared between the herbarium specimens collected pre- and post-DED spread in Wisconsin. In addition, the levels of genetic diversity and degree of genetic differentiation were quantified in the five wild populations. The allelic diversity and expected levels of heterozygosity were similar between the pre- and post-DED herbarium specimens. The five wild populations were only slightly differentiated and no genetic bottleneck was detected for any population. At least in Wisconsin, slippery elm apparently has maintained levels of genetic diversity that could facilitate adaptation to future climatic and environmental changes.
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The extent of hybridization and its impact on the genetic diversity and population structure of an invasive tree, Ulmus pumila (Ulmaceae)
Evolutionary Applications, 2010Co-Authors: Juan Zalapa, Johanne Brunet, Raymond P. GuriesAbstract:Ulmus pumila is considered an invasive tree in 41 of the United States. In this study, we examined the extent of hybridization in naturalized populations of U. pumila, its impact on genetic diversity and genetic structure and its potential role in explaining the invasion process of U. pumila. Genetic analyses indicated widespread hybridization with native Ulmus Rubra in naturalized U. pumila populations. Hybridization increased the genetic diversity of U. pumila populations and affected their genetic structure. The level of genetic diversity in ‘mature’ accessions, many of which may represent original plantings throughout the USA, was high and similar to the diversity of East Asian accessions. Hybridization with the native red elm may play an important role in the success of Siberian elm as an invader in temperate regions of the USA.
-
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for red elm (Ulmus Rubra Muhl.) and cross-species amplification with Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.).
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2008Co-Authors: Juan Zalapa, Johanne Brunet, Raymond P. GuriesAbstract:Ulmus pumila is an elm species, non-native to the USA that hybridizes with Ulmus Rubra. In order to study the genetic structure and hybridization patterns between these two elm species, we developed 15 primer pairs for microsatellite loci in U. Rubra and tested their cross-amplification in U. pumila. All 15 primers amplified in both species, 11 of which possessed species-specific alleles. Eight loci were polymorphic in U. pumila and eight in U. Rubra, each with two to eight alleles per locus. In addition, five primer pairs previously developed in U. laevis and U. carpinifolia (syn. U. minor) cross-amplified and showed polymorphic loci in U. pumila and/or U. Rubra. These markers will facilitate the study of genetic structure and gene flow between U. Rubra and exotic, invasive U. pumila.
Raymond P. Guries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Elm genetic diversity and hybridization in the presence of Dutch elm disease
2017Co-Authors: Johanne Brunet, Raymond P. GuriesAbstract:The impact of Dutch elm disease (DED) on the genetic diversity of slippery elm (Ulmus Rubra) is summarized and its potential impact on the genetic diversity of other North American native elms, American elm (U. americana), rock elm (U. thomasii), winged elm (U. alata), cedar elm (U. crassifolia), and September elm (U. serotina), is discussed. The potential for hybridization between the introduced Siberian elm U. pumila and the native North American elms is considered given previous findings with U. Rubra. We do not expect DED to reduce the genetic diversity of these native elms. The only exception may be U. serotina if its restricted range leads to genetic discontinuities among populations. We do not expect hybridization between U. americana and U. pumila due to incompatibility barriers, but hybridization between U. pumila and other native elms appears more likely and could have negative effects on the long term conservation of these species. This information is timely given the current efforts to restore American elm across the U.S. landscape.
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The extent of hybridization and its impact on the genetic diversity and population structure of an invasive tree, Ulmus pumila (Ulmaceae)
Evolutionary Applications, 2010Co-Authors: Juan Zalapa, Johanne Brunet, Raymond P. GuriesAbstract:Ulmus pumila is considered an invasive tree in 41 of the United States. In this study, we examined the extent of hybridization in naturalized populations of U. pumila, its impact on genetic diversity and genetic structure and its potential role in explaining the invasion process of U. pumila. Genetic analyses indicated widespread hybridization with native Ulmus Rubra in naturalized U. pumila populations. Hybridization increased the genetic diversity of U. pumila populations and affected their genetic structure. The level of genetic diversity in ‘mature’ accessions, many of which may represent original plantings throughout the USA, was high and similar to the diversity of East Asian accessions. Hybridization with the native red elm may play an important role in the success of Siberian elm as an invader in temperate regions of the USA.
-
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for red elm (Ulmus Rubra Muhl.) and cross-species amplification with Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.).
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2008Co-Authors: Juan Zalapa, Johanne Brunet, Raymond P. GuriesAbstract:Ulmus pumila is an elm species, non-native to the USA that hybridizes with Ulmus Rubra. In order to study the genetic structure and hybridization patterns between these two elm species, we developed 15 primer pairs for microsatellite loci in U. Rubra and tested their cross-amplification in U. pumila. All 15 primers amplified in both species, 11 of which possessed species-specific alleles. Eight loci were polymorphic in U. pumila and eight in U. Rubra, each with two to eight alleles per locus. In addition, five primer pairs previously developed in U. laevis and U. carpinifolia (syn. U. minor) cross-amplified and showed polymorphic loci in U. pumila and/or U. Rubra. These markers will facilitate the study of genetic structure and gene flow between U. Rubra and exotic, invasive U. pumila.
Kurt E. Blum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Vegetation Change in a Former Chestnut Stand on the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee during an 80-year Period (1921–2000)
Castanea, 2004Co-Authors: Brenda R. Myers, Jeffrey L Walck, Kurt E. BlumAbstract:Abstract A former chestnut stand on the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee was sampled in 1952/53, 1979, and 2000. The site was clear-cut in 1921/22, and has remained unburnt and relatively undisturbed. Chestnut stumps are present, but sprouts are not. Liriodendron tulipifera remained important in the canopy since 1952/53. Acer rubrum and A. saccharum increased in the canopy, but only A. rubrum did so in the subcanopy. Quercus Rubra/velutina increased in the canopy, and decreased in the subcanopy. Shade-intolerant (Juglans nigra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ulmus Rubra, Fraxinus americana) and shade-tolerant (Tilia americana, Aesculus flava) species declined, perhaps due to absence of large-scale disturbance needed for regeneration. Juglans cinerea and Cornus florida were impacted by fungal pathogens. Although J. cinerea was an important replacement species, no individuals are currently present. Cornus florida is present in the canopy, but not in the subcanopy. Lindera benzoin and Viburnum acerifolium increased...
-
Vegetation Change in a Former Chestnut Stand on the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee during an 80-year Period (1921-2000)
Castanea, 2004Co-Authors: Brenda R. Myers, Jeffrey L Walck, Kurt E. BlumAbstract:Abstract A former chestnut stand on the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee was sampled in 1952/53, 1979, and 2000. The site was clear-cut in 1921/22, and has remained unburnt and relatively undisturbed. Chestnut stumps are present, but sprouts are not. Liriodendron tulipifera remained important in the canopy since 1952/53. Acer rubrum and A. saccharum increased in the canopy, but only A. rubrum did so in the subcanopy. Quercus Rubra/velutina increased in the canopy, and decreased in the subcanopy. Shade-intolerant (Juglans nigra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ulmus Rubra, Fraxinus americana) and shade-tolerant (Tilia americana, Aesculus flava) species declined, perhaps due to absence of large-scale disturbance needed for regeneration. Juglans cinerea and Cornus florida were impacted by fungal pathogens. Although J. cinerea was an important replacement species, no individuals are currently present. Cornus florida is present in the canopy, but not in the subcanopy. Lindera benzoin and Viburnum acerifolium increased...
