The Experts below are selected from a list of 69141 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Constantine Stephanidis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design for All and eInclusion - Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design for All and eInclusion
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011Co-Authors: Constantine StephanidisAbstract:This paper describes the development of the “Usability and Accessibility” course for M.Sc. students at the IT University of Copenhagen. The aim is to examine whether this course provides an effective and useful method for raising the issues around Universal Access with the designers of the future. This paper examines the results and conclusions from the students over 5 semesters of this course and provides an overview of the success of the different design and evaluation methods. The paper concludes with a discussion of the effectiveness of each of the specific methods, techniques and tools used in the course, both from design and education perspectives
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the Universal Access handbook
2009Co-Authors: Constantine StephanidisAbstract:In recent years, the field of Universal Access has made significant progress in consolidating theoretical approaches, scientific methods and technologies, as well as in exploring new application domains. Increasingly, professionals in this rapidly maturing area require a comprehensive and multidisciplinary resource that addresses current principles, methods, and tools. Written by leading international authorities from academic, research, and industrial organizations and nonmarket institutions, The Universal Access Handbook covers the unfolding scientific, methodological, technological, and policy issues involved in the process of achieving Universal Access in the information society. In a collection of 61 chapters, the book discusses how to systematically apply Universal design principles to information technologies. It explains the various dimensions of diversity in the technological platforms and contexts of use, including trends in mobile interaction and ambient intelligence environments. The implications of Universal Access on the development life cycle of interactive applications and services are unfolded, addressing user interface architectures and related components. Novel interaction methods and techniques for Universal Access are analyzed, and a variety of applications in diverse domains are discussed. The book reflects recent developments, consolidates present knowledge, and points towards new perspectives for the future. A quick glance through the contents demonstrates not only the breadth and depth of coverage but also the caliber of the contributions. An indispensible source of information for interdisciplinary and cross-thematic study, the book provides a baseline for further in-depth studies, as well as an important educational tool in an increasingly globalized research and development environment.
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The Universal Access Handbook - The Universal Access Handbook
2009Co-Authors: Constantine StephanidisAbstract:In recent years, the field of Universal Access has made significant progress in consolidating theoretical approaches, scientific methods and technologies, as well as in exploring new application domains. Increasingly, professionals in this rapidly maturing area require a comprehensive and multidisciplinary resource that addresses current principles, methods, and tools. Written by leading international authorities from academic, research, and industrial organizations and nonmarket institutions, The Universal Access Handbook covers the unfolding scientific, methodological, technological, and policy issues involved in the process of achieving Universal Access in the information society. In a collection of 61 chapters, the book discusses how to systematically apply Universal design principles to information technologies. It explains the various dimensions of diversity in the technological platforms and contexts of use, including trends in mobile interaction and ambient intelligence environments. The implications of Universal Access on the development life cycle of interactive applications and services are unfolded, addressing user interface architectures and related components. Novel interaction methods and techniques for Universal Access are analyzed, and a variety of applications in diverse domains are discussed. The book reflects recent developments, consolidates present knowledge, and points towards new perspectives for the future. A quick glance through the contents demonstrates not only the breadth and depth of coverage but also the caliber of the contributions. An indispensible source of information for interdisciplinary and cross-thematic study, the book provides a baseline for further in-depth studies, as well as an important educational tool in an increasingly globalized research and development environment.
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Chapter 13 Using Non-functional Requirements as Design Drivers for Universal Access
Universal Access in Health Telematics, 2005Co-Authors: Demosthenes Akoumianakis, Constantine StephanidisAbstract:This Chapter elaborates on a technique aiming to provide early insight into the identification of Universal Access software quality attributes. The technique, referred to as Non-Functional Requirements Analysis (NfRA), constitutes a preliminary step in a scenario-based inquiry motivated by an explicit focus on non-functional requirements (NfRs) as drivers for scenario retooling (Erskine et al., 1997). This Chapter will illustrate the method by focusing on four main NfRs that are critical for Universal Access, namely adaptability, scalability, platform independence and user tolerance or individualisation. These are general NfRs applicable to a broad range of interactive software, irrespective of their functional scope, interaction platform or intended use.
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Chapter 3 Towards a Universal Access Code of Practice in Health Telematics
Universal Access in Health Telematics, 2005Co-Authors: Demosthenes Akoumianakis, Constantine StephanidisAbstract:This Chapter presents a consolidated overview of methods and techniques that can be used to advance Universal Access thinking in the design and development of interactive applications and services in Health Telematics. The results presented provide an overview of the IS4ALL ”Code of Practice for Universal Access in Health Telematics”, which is detailed in subsequent Chapters of the handbook. In particular, the Chapter describes the code of practice in terms of three main elements: (a) a process-oriented (macro-level) approach intended to define stages of a structured process towards Universal Access practice in Health Telematics, (b) a collection of micro-level methods which address specific technical targets across various stages of the above process, and (c) validation scenarios which exemplify the application of the code of practice in Health Telematics. The macro-level method builds upon the scenario-based perspective on systems development and unfolds stages involved in generating scenarios and devising scenario quality attributes relevant to Universal Access. Micro-methods cover a wide range of technical targets from requirements engineering for Universal Access to design representations, prototyping, evaluation and validation. The case studies intended to validate the IS4ALL results have been selected to reflect alternative Access regimes to Electronic Patient Records. The Chapter concludes with a discussion and critical review of the implications of Universal Access for Health Telematics applications development, and with the identification of prominent challenges to be addressed through further research.
Sally Blower - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Universal Access to HIV treatment versus Universal 'test and treat': transmission, drug resistance & treatment costs.
PloS one, 2012Co-Authors: Bradley G. Wagner, Sally BlowerAbstract:In South Africa (SA) Universal Access to treatment for HIV-infected individuals in need has yet to be achieved. Currently ∼1 million receive treatment, but an additional 1.6 million are in need. It is being debated whether to use a Universal ‘test and treat’ (TT treatment reduces infectivity and hence transmission. Under a T&T strategy all HIV-infected individuals would receive treatment whether in need or not. This would require treating 5 million individuals almost immediately and providing treatment for several decades. We use a validated mathematical model to predict impact and costs of: (i) a Universal T&T strategy and (ii) achieving Universal Access to treatment. Using modeling the WHO has predicted a Universal T&T strategy in SA would eliminate HIV within a decade, and (after 40 years) cost ∼$10 billion less than achieving Universal Access. In contrast, we predict a Universal T&T strategy in SA could eliminate HIV, but take 40 years and cost ∼$12 billion more than achieving Universal Access. We determine the difference in predictions is because the WHO has under-estimated survival time on treatment and ignored the risk of resistance. We predict, after 20 years, ∼2 million individuals would need second-line regimens if a Universal T&T strategy is implemented versus ∼1.5 million if Universal Access is achieved. Costs need to be realistically estimated and multiple evaluation criteria used to compare ‘treatment as prevention’ with other prevention strategies. Before implementing a Universal T&T strategy, which may not be sustainable, we recommend striving to achieve Universal Access to treatment as quickly as possible. We predict achieving Universal Access to treatment would be a very effective ‘treatment as prevention’ approach and bring the HIV epidemic in SA close to elimination, preventing ∼4 million infections after 20 years and ∼11 million after 40 years.
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Universal Access to hiv treatment versus Universal test and treat transmission drug resistance treatment costs
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Bradley G. Wagner, Sally BlowerAbstract:In South Africa (SA) Universal Access to treatment for HIV-infected individuals in need has yet to be achieved. Currently ∼1 million receive treatment, but an additional 1.6 million are in need. It is being debated whether to use a Universal ‘test and treat’ (TT treatment reduces infectivity and hence transmission. Under a T&T strategy all HIV-infected individuals would receive treatment whether in need or not. This would require treating 5 million individuals almost immediately and providing treatment for several decades. We use a validated mathematical model to predict impact and costs of: (i) a Universal T&T strategy and (ii) achieving Universal Access to treatment. Using modeling the WHO has predicted a Universal T&T strategy in SA would eliminate HIV within a decade, and (after 40 years) cost ∼$10 billion less than achieving Universal Access. In contrast, we predict a Universal T&T strategy in SA could eliminate HIV, but take 40 years and cost ∼$12 billion more than achieving Universal Access. We determine the difference in predictions is because the WHO has under-estimated survival time on treatment and ignored the risk of resistance. We predict, after 20 years, ∼2 million individuals would need second-line regimens if a Universal T&T strategy is implemented versus ∼1.5 million if Universal Access is achieved. Costs need to be realistically estimated and multiple evaluation criteria used to compare ‘treatment as prevention’ with other prevention strategies. Before implementing a Universal T&T strategy, which may not be sustainable, we recommend striving to achieve Universal Access to treatment as quickly as possible. We predict achieving Universal Access to treatment would be a very effective ‘treatment as prevention’ approach and bring the HIV epidemic in SA close to elimination, preventing ∼4 million infections after 20 years and ∼11 million after 40 years.
Demosthenes Akoumianakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chapter 13 Using Non-functional Requirements as Design Drivers for Universal Access
Universal Access in Health Telematics, 2005Co-Authors: Demosthenes Akoumianakis, Constantine StephanidisAbstract:This Chapter elaborates on a technique aiming to provide early insight into the identification of Universal Access software quality attributes. The technique, referred to as Non-Functional Requirements Analysis (NfRA), constitutes a preliminary step in a scenario-based inquiry motivated by an explicit focus on non-functional requirements (NfRs) as drivers for scenario retooling (Erskine et al., 1997). This Chapter will illustrate the method by focusing on four main NfRs that are critical for Universal Access, namely adaptability, scalability, platform independence and user tolerance or individualisation. These are general NfRs applicable to a broad range of interactive software, irrespective of their functional scope, interaction platform or intended use.
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Chapter 3 Towards a Universal Access Code of Practice in Health Telematics
Universal Access in Health Telematics, 2005Co-Authors: Demosthenes Akoumianakis, Constantine StephanidisAbstract:This Chapter presents a consolidated overview of methods and techniques that can be used to advance Universal Access thinking in the design and development of interactive applications and services in Health Telematics. The results presented provide an overview of the IS4ALL ”Code of Practice for Universal Access in Health Telematics”, which is detailed in subsequent Chapters of the handbook. In particular, the Chapter describes the code of practice in terms of three main elements: (a) a process-oriented (macro-level) approach intended to define stages of a structured process towards Universal Access practice in Health Telematics, (b) a collection of micro-level methods which address specific technical targets across various stages of the above process, and (c) validation scenarios which exemplify the application of the code of practice in Health Telematics. The macro-level method builds upon the scenario-based perspective on systems development and unfolds stages involved in generating scenarios and devising scenario quality attributes relevant to Universal Access. Micro-methods cover a wide range of technical targets from requirements engineering for Universal Access to design representations, prototyping, evaluation and validation. The case studies intended to validate the IS4ALL results have been selected to reflect alternative Access regimes to Electronic Patient Records. The Chapter concludes with a discussion and critical review of the implications of Universal Access for Health Telematics applications development, and with the identification of prominent challenges to be addressed through further research.
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Universal Access in Health Telematics - Towards a Universal Access code of practice in health telematics
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005Co-Authors: Demosthenes Akoumianakis, Constantine StephanidisAbstract:This Chapter presents a consolidated overview of methods and techniques that can be used to advance Universal Access thinking in the design and development of interactive applications and services in Health Telematics. The results presented provide an overview of the IS4ALL Code of Practice for Universal Access in Health Telematics, which is detailed in subsequent Chapters of the handbook. In particular, the Chapter describes the code of practice in terms of three main elements: (a) a process-oriented (macro-level) approach intended to define stages of a structured process towards Universal Access practice in Health Telematics, (b) a collection of micro-level methods which address specific technical targets across various stages of the above process, and (c) validation scenarios which exemplify the application of the code of practice in Health Telematics. The macro-level method builds upon the scenario-based perspective on systems development and unfolds stages involved in generating scenarios and devising scenario quality attributes relevant to Universal Access. Micro-methods cover a wide range of technical targets from requirements engineering for Universal Access to design representations, prototyping, evaluation and validation. The case studies intended to validate the IS4ALL results have been selected to reflect alternative Access regimes to Electronic Patient Records. The Chapter concludes with a discussion and critical review of the implications of Universal Access for Health Telematics applications development, and with the identification of prominent challenges to be addressed through further research.
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Universal Access in Health Telematics - Using Non-functional Requirements as Design Drivers for Universal Access.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005Co-Authors: Demosthenes Akoumianakis, Constantine StephanidisAbstract:This Chapter elaborates on a technique aiming to provide early insight into the identification of Universal Access software quality attributes. The technique, referred to as Non-Functional Requirements Analysis (NfRA), constitutes a preliminary step in a scenario-based inquiry motivated by an explicit focus on non-functional requirements (NfRs) as drivers for scenario retooling (Erskine et al., 1997). This Chapter will illustrate the method by focusing on four main NfRs that are critical for Universal Access, namely adaptability, scalability, platform independence and user tolerance or individualisation. These are general NfRs applicable to a broad range of interactive software, irrespective of their functional scope, interaction platform or intended use.
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Universal Access in Health Telematics - The Universal Access Assessment Workshop (UA 2 W) Method.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005Co-Authors: Demosthenes Akoumianakis, Constantine StephanidisAbstract:This Chapter describes the Universal Access Assessment Workshop (UA2W) method and how it was validated in the context of a design case study. The Chapter first describes the method in terms of the problem addressed, the devices and instruments used, the procedure for using the devices, and the outcomes and assumptions. Then, it presents a case study and describes the application of the method in the context of WardInHand reference scenarios (Chapter 8). The Chapter concludes by briefly discussing experience in the use of the method and some lessons learnt.
Bradley G. Wagner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Universal Access to HIV treatment versus Universal 'test and treat': transmission, drug resistance & treatment costs.
PloS one, 2012Co-Authors: Bradley G. Wagner, Sally BlowerAbstract:In South Africa (SA) Universal Access to treatment for HIV-infected individuals in need has yet to be achieved. Currently ∼1 million receive treatment, but an additional 1.6 million are in need. It is being debated whether to use a Universal ‘test and treat’ (TT treatment reduces infectivity and hence transmission. Under a T&T strategy all HIV-infected individuals would receive treatment whether in need or not. This would require treating 5 million individuals almost immediately and providing treatment for several decades. We use a validated mathematical model to predict impact and costs of: (i) a Universal T&T strategy and (ii) achieving Universal Access to treatment. Using modeling the WHO has predicted a Universal T&T strategy in SA would eliminate HIV within a decade, and (after 40 years) cost ∼$10 billion less than achieving Universal Access. In contrast, we predict a Universal T&T strategy in SA could eliminate HIV, but take 40 years and cost ∼$12 billion more than achieving Universal Access. We determine the difference in predictions is because the WHO has under-estimated survival time on treatment and ignored the risk of resistance. We predict, after 20 years, ∼2 million individuals would need second-line regimens if a Universal T&T strategy is implemented versus ∼1.5 million if Universal Access is achieved. Costs need to be realistically estimated and multiple evaluation criteria used to compare ‘treatment as prevention’ with other prevention strategies. Before implementing a Universal T&T strategy, which may not be sustainable, we recommend striving to achieve Universal Access to treatment as quickly as possible. We predict achieving Universal Access to treatment would be a very effective ‘treatment as prevention’ approach and bring the HIV epidemic in SA close to elimination, preventing ∼4 million infections after 20 years and ∼11 million after 40 years.
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Universal Access to hiv treatment versus Universal test and treat transmission drug resistance treatment costs
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Bradley G. Wagner, Sally BlowerAbstract:In South Africa (SA) Universal Access to treatment for HIV-infected individuals in need has yet to be achieved. Currently ∼1 million receive treatment, but an additional 1.6 million are in need. It is being debated whether to use a Universal ‘test and treat’ (TT treatment reduces infectivity and hence transmission. Under a T&T strategy all HIV-infected individuals would receive treatment whether in need or not. This would require treating 5 million individuals almost immediately and providing treatment for several decades. We use a validated mathematical model to predict impact and costs of: (i) a Universal T&T strategy and (ii) achieving Universal Access to treatment. Using modeling the WHO has predicted a Universal T&T strategy in SA would eliminate HIV within a decade, and (after 40 years) cost ∼$10 billion less than achieving Universal Access. In contrast, we predict a Universal T&T strategy in SA could eliminate HIV, but take 40 years and cost ∼$12 billion more than achieving Universal Access. We determine the difference in predictions is because the WHO has under-estimated survival time on treatment and ignored the risk of resistance. We predict, after 20 years, ∼2 million individuals would need second-line regimens if a Universal T&T strategy is implemented versus ∼1.5 million if Universal Access is achieved. Costs need to be realistically estimated and multiple evaluation criteria used to compare ‘treatment as prevention’ with other prevention strategies. Before implementing a Universal T&T strategy, which may not be sustainable, we recommend striving to achieve Universal Access to treatment as quickly as possible. We predict achieving Universal Access to treatment would be a very effective ‘treatment as prevention’ approach and bring the HIV epidemic in SA close to elimination, preventing ∼4 million infections after 20 years and ∼11 million after 40 years.
Charley. Lewis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Universal Access and Service in South Africa
Regulating Telecommunications in South Africa, 2020Co-Authors: Charley. LewisAbstract:Access to telecommunications under apartheid was highly racially skewed. Tentative moves towards telecomms reform began as apartheid started to crumble and sector pressures mounted. Preparing for elections, the ANC was firming up policies, including for the ICT sector, influenced by its own think tank and by global policy diffusion. Spurred by apartheid’s digital divide, the ANC adopted Universal Access and service as the centrepiece of its ICT sector policy, both within the negotiating process and via civil society formations. A bitter struggle with the apartheid government over the granting of mobile licences led to the imposition of the first Universal service obligations. Policy diffusion helped shape post-democracy telecommunications policy, through a highly contested green and White Paper process, leading to legislation containing key, specific Universal Access and service provisions.
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Universal Access and Service: The Rise of International Good Practice
Regulating Telecommunications in South Africa, 2020Co-Authors: Charley. LewisAbstract:Driven by pressures affecting the ICT sector, including technological change, business imperatives and shifting market structures, a new ‘telecomms reform’ regime began to emerge through a process of epistemic contestation at the ITU and through the WTO. This change was accompanied by a hegemonic set of international good practices, including: privatisation of state-owned incumbent operators, the introduction of competition and the creation of an independent regulatory authority. Universal Access and service too emerged as an issue, to protect the public service objective of telephony provision in the face of privatisation and competition. Good practice precepts for Universal Access and service were also developed through the ITU, the EU and the OECD, including the imposition of Universal service obligations upon licensees and the establishment of a Universal Service Fund.
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Universal Access and service interventions in South Africa: best practice, poor impact
The African Journal of Information and Communication. Leadership in the electronic age: a broad inter-disciplinary practice., 2013Co-Authors: Charley. LewisAbstract:Post-apartheid South Africa placed Universal Access and service at the forefront of its communications policy and regulatory interventions from 1996. It followed global best practice by imposing Universal service obligations on licensees by establishing a Universal service fund and a dedicated Universal Access regulatory body, as well as awarding targeted operator licences in areas of low teledensity. The effectiveness of these interventions is open to question, with fixed-line teledensity falling and prepaid customers in the mobile sector now accounting for the overwhelming majority of telephony users nationwide. Starting with an overview of South Africa's Universal Access and service imperative, this paper assesses the value and effectiveness of these Universal Access and service interventions. It shows how the burgeoning Access to mobile has little to do with the impact of these interventions. Finally, the implications of this for Universal Access and service policy and regulation, and for its implementation, are considered.
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Universal Access and service interventions in South Africa : best practice, poor impact : challenges in leadership of ICT policy and e-development
2013Co-Authors: Charley. LewisAbstract:Post-apartheid South Africa placed Universal Access and service at the forefront of its communications policy and regulatory interventions from 1996. It followed global best practice by imposing Universal service obligations on licensees by establishing a Universal service fund and a dedicated Universal Access regulatory body, as well as awarding targeted operator licences in areas of low teledensity. The effectiveness of these interventions is open to question, with fixed-line teledensity falling and prepaid customers in the mobile sector now accounting for the overwhelming majority of telephony users nationwide. Starting with an overview of South Africa's Universal Access and service imperative, this paper assesses the value and effectiveness of these Universal Access and service interventions. It shows how the burgeoning Access to mobile has little to do with the impact of these interventions. Finally, the implications of this for Universal Access and service policy and regulation, and for its implementation, are considered.
