The Experts below are selected from a list of 1014 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Service competitiveness and Urban Innovation policies in the UK: The implications of the ‘London paradox
Regional Studies, 2009Co-Authors: Peter WoodAbstract:The policy models currently employed in British cities to promote Urban economic innovativeness and competitiveness echo national policies by being technology-based. Yet the most powerful driver of both UK economic success and regional and Urban inequality has been London-based Innovation. This does not depend on technological initiatives, but on labour intensive, knowledge-based processes, especially within the financial and business services. This paper examines service-based Innovation and competitiveness in the English Urban system, dominated by London, and their implications for Urban Innovation policies. These offer little support to other UK cities in gaining from London's experience of service-led success, or challenging its dominance of innovative tradable services.
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service competitiveness and Urban Innovation policies in the uk the implications of the london paradox
Regional Studies, 2009Co-Authors: Peter WoodAbstract:Wood P. Service competitiveness and Urban Innovation policies in the UK: the implications of the ‘London paradox’, Regional Studies. The policy models currently employed in British cities to promote Urban economic innovativeness and competitiveness echo national policies by being science-, manufacturing- and technology-based. Yet, the most powerful driver of both modern UK economic success and regional and Urban inequality has been London-based Innovation. This does not depend on local technological initiatives, but on labour-intensive, knowledge-based processes, especially within the financial and business services. This paper examines the importance of service-based Innovation and competitiveness in the English Urban system, dominated by London, and its implications for Urban Innovation policies. These currently offer little support to other UK cities either in gaining from London's experience of service-led success, or challenging its dominance over the most innovative tradable services. Wood P. Les po...
Chiara F. Del Bo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Smart innovative cities: The impact of Smart City policies on Urban Innovation
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2019Co-Authors: Andrea Caragliu, Chiara F. Del BoAbstract:Smart City policies have attracted relevant attention and funding over the last few years. While the time seems now ripe to conclude that such policies have a positive impact on Urban economic growth, the picture is much less clear when looking at the microfoundations of this effect. In this paper we look at the Urban Innovation impact of Smart City policies. In fact, typical Smart City projects imply the involvement not only of major multinational corporations, along with local public authorities, but also of local companies, typically with the aim to translate general technological solutions to the local needs. A new data set collected for these analyses comprises data on Smart City features for 309 European metropolitan areas, Smart City policy intensity, and Urban Innovation outputs. The latter are proxied by calculating total patent applications to the European Patent Office between 2008 and 2013. Patent counts also include technologically narrower classes, namely high-tech, ICT, and specific Smart City technologies patent applications. Propensity Score Matching estimates suggest that cities engaging in Smart City policies above the EU average also tend to patent more intensively. This effect is stronger for high-tech patents, while decreases for more narrowly defined technological classes. This last result suggests possible technological spillovers from technologies directly involved in Smart City policies.
Maja Nilssen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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To the smart city and beyond? Developing a typology of smart Urban Innovation
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2019Co-Authors: Maja NilssenAbstract:The smart city is an increasingly popular topic in Urban development, arousing both excitement and skepticism. However, despite increasing enthusiasm regarding the smartness of cities, the concept is still regarded as somewhat evasive. Encouraged by the multifaceted character of the concept, this article examines how we can categorize the different dimensions often included in the smart city concept, and how these dimensions are coupled to Innovation. Furthermore, the article examines the implications of the different understandings of the smart city concept for cities' abilities to be innovative. Building on existing scholarly contributions on the smartness of cities and Innovation literature, the article develops a typology of smart city initiatives based on the extent and types of Innovations they involve. The typology is structured as a smart city continuum, comprising four dimensions of Innovation: (1) technological, (2) organizational, (3) collaborative, (4) experimental. The smart city continuum is then utilized to analyze empirical data from a Norwegian Urban development project triggered by a critical juncture. The empirical data shows that the case holds elements of different dimensions of the continuum, supporting the need for a typology of smart cities as multifaceted Urban Innovation. The continuum can be used as an analytical model for different types of smart city initiatives, and thus shed light on what types of Innovation are central in the smart city. Consequently, the article offers useful insights for both practitioners and scholars interested in smart city initiatives.
Andrea Caragliu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Smart innovative cities: The impact of Smart City policies on Urban Innovation
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2019Co-Authors: Andrea Caragliu, Chiara F. Del BoAbstract:Smart City policies have attracted relevant attention and funding over the last few years. While the time seems now ripe to conclude that such policies have a positive impact on Urban economic growth, the picture is much less clear when looking at the microfoundations of this effect. In this paper we look at the Urban Innovation impact of Smart City policies. In fact, typical Smart City projects imply the involvement not only of major multinational corporations, along with local public authorities, but also of local companies, typically with the aim to translate general technological solutions to the local needs. A new data set collected for these analyses comprises data on Smart City features for 309 European metropolitan areas, Smart City policy intensity, and Urban Innovation outputs. The latter are proxied by calculating total patent applications to the European Patent Office between 2008 and 2013. Patent counts also include technologically narrower classes, namely high-tech, ICT, and specific Smart City technologies patent applications. Propensity Score Matching estimates suggest that cities engaging in Smart City policies above the EU average also tend to patent more intensively. This effect is stronger for high-tech patents, while decreases for more narrowly defined technological classes. This last result suggests possible technological spillovers from technologies directly involved in Smart City policies.
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The winner takes it all: forward-looking cities and Urban Innovation
The Annals of Regional Science, 2016Co-Authors: Andrea Caragliu, Karima Kourtit, Peter NijkampAbstract:This paper offers a new perspective on Urban Innovation and enters the debate on the contribution of non-material growth-enhancing factors to the socio-economic performance of cities. Because of the often widespread availability of “hard” production factors, most cities increasingly compete for attracting non-material production factors whose role, in light of the more widespread diffusion of physical production factors, may ultimately determine their long-run economic success. Against this background, our paper focuses on a relatively neglected non-material factor, viz. Urban risk attitude. In fact, cities offer the competitive and challenging environment where individual characteristics of actors may enjoy their highest returns; risk-loving and innovative individuals may sort in large Urban agglomerations. The paper tests whether cities attracting such individuals and, thus, enjoying a more positive and open attitude towards risk, tend to innovate more. The empirical analysis of the paper is based on the most recent (2008/2009) wave of the European Values Study. Micro- data on about 80,000 individuals located in different EU Urban areas are used to calculate city-specific attitudes towards risk that go beyond individual characteristics. This city-level risk attitude variable is then used within a knowledge production function approach, as an explanatory variable for Urban Innovation (patent applications to the European Patent Office) along with more traditional knowledge determinants (human capital and R&D expenditures). Our empirical results show that cities with a more open and positive attitude towards risk ceteris paribus also tend to be more innovative. In addition, we find that, unlike traditional knowledge production factors, this factor faces no decreasing returns. While further research might be beneficial in order to more precisely pinpoint the extent of such effects, our findings appear to be robust and suggest a positive role for the Urban attitude towards risky endeavours in explaining Urban Innovation.
Thomas Elmqvist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Urban transitions: On Urban resilience and human-dominated ecosystems
Ambio, 2010Co-Authors: Henrik Ernstson, Sander E.van Der Leeuw, Douglas J. Meffert, Christine Alfsen, George Davis, Charles L. Redman, Thomas ElmqvistAbstract:Urbanization is a global multidimensional process paired with increasing uncertainty due to climate change, migration of people, and changes in the capacity to sustain ecosystem services. This article lays a foundation for discussing transitions in Urban governance, which enable cities to navigate change, build capacity to withstand shocks, and use experimentation and Innovation in face of uncertainty. Using the three concrete case cities-New Orleans, Cape Town, and Phoenix-the article analyzes thresholds and cross-scale interactions, and expands the scale at which Urban resilience has been discussed by integrating the idea from geography that cities form part of "system of cities" (i.e., they cannot be seen as single entities). Based on this, the article argues that Urban governance need to harness social networks of Urban Innovation to sustain ecosystem services, while nurturing discourses that situate the city as part of regional ecosystems. The article broadens the discussion on Urban resilience while challenging resilience theory when addressing human-dominated ecosystems. Practical examples of harnessing Urban Innovation are presented, paired with an agenda for research and policy.
