The Experts below are selected from a list of 90 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Dominik Begerow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
An overview of the higher level classification of Pucciniomycotina based on combined analyses of nuclear large and small subunit rDNA sequences
Mycologia, 2006Co-Authors: M. Catherine Aime, David J. Mclaughlin, Elizabeth M Frieders, P. Brandon Matheny, Daniel A. Henk, R. Henrik Nilsson, Meike Piepenbring, Les J. Szabo, Dominik BegerowAbstract:In this study we provide a phylogenetically based introduction to the classes and orders of Pucciniomycotina (5Urediniomycetes), one of three subphyla of Basidiomycota. More than 8000 species of Pucciniomycotina have been described including putative saprotrophs and parasites of plants, animals and fungi. The overwhelming majority of these (,90%) belong to a single order of obligate plant pathogens, the Pucciniales (5Uredinales), or rust fungi. We have assembled a dataset of previously published and newly generated sequence data from two nuclear rDNA genes (large subunit and small subunit) including exemplars from all known major groups in order to test hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among the Pucciniomycotina. The utility of combining nuc-lsu sequences spanning the entire D1-D3 region with complete nuc-ssu sequences for resolution and support of nodes is discussed. Our study confirms Pucciniomycotina as a monophyletic group of Basidiomycota. In total our results support eight major clades ranked as classes (Agaricostilbo- mycetes, Atractiellomycetes, Classiculomycetes, Cryp- tomycocolacomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbo- tryomycetes, Mixiomycetes and Pucciniomycetes) and 18 orders.
-
implications of molecular characters for the phylogeny of the microbotryaceae basidiomycota Urediniomycetes
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Martin Kemler, Franz Oberwinkler, Markus Göker, Dominik BegerowAbstract:Background Anther smuts of the basidiomycetous genus Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae are important model organisms for many biological disciplines. Members of Microbotryum are most commonly found parasitizing the anthers of host plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, however they can also be found on the anthers of members of the Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, and Portulacaceae. Additionally, some members of Microbotryum can be found infecting other organs of mainly Polygonaceae hosts. Based on ITS nrDNA sequences of members of almost all genera in Microbotryaceae, this study aims to resolve the phylogeny of the anther smuts and their relationship to the other members of the family of plant parasites. A multiple analysis strategy was used to correct for the effects of different equally possible ITS sequence alignments on the phylogenetic outcome, which appears to have been neglected in previous studies.
-
implications of molecular characters for the phylogeny of the microbotryaceae basidiomycota Urediniomycetes
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Martin Kemler, Franz Oberwinkler, Markus Göker, Dominik BegerowAbstract:Anther smuts of the basidiomycetous genus Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae are important model organisms for many biological disciplines. Members of Microbotryum are most commonly found parasitizing the anthers of host plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, however they can also be found on the anthers of members of the Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, and Portulacaceae. Additionally, some members of Microbotryum can be found infecting other organs of mainly Polygonaceae hosts. Based on ITS nrDNA sequences of members of almost all genera in Microbotryaceae, this study aims to resolve the phylogeny of the anther smuts and their relationship to the other members of the family of plant parasites. A multiple analysis strategy was used to correct for the effects of different equally possible ITS sequence alignments on the phylogenetic outcome, which appears to have been neglected in previous studies. The genera of Microbotryaceae were not clearly resolved, but alignment-independent moderate bootstrap support was achieved for a clade containing the majority of the Microbotryum species. The anther parasites appeared in two different well-supported lineages whose interrelationship remained unresolved. Whereas bootstrap support values for some clades were highly vulnerable to alignment conditions, other clades were more robustly supported. The differences in support between the different alignments were much larger than between the phylogenetic optimality criteria applied (maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood). The study confirmed, based on a larger dataset than previous work, that the anther smuts on Caryophyllaceae are monophyletic and that there exists a native North American group that diverged from the European clade before the radiation of the European species. Also a second group of anther smuts was revealed, containing parasites on Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, and Lentibulariaceae. At least the majority of the parasites of Asteraceae appeared as a monophylum, but delimitations of some species in this group should be reconsidered. Parasitism on Polygonaceae is likely to be the ancestral state for the Microbotryaceae on Eudicot hosts.
Adele Statzelltallman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
systematics of basidiomycetous yeasts a comparison of large subunit d1 d2 and internal transcribed spacer rdna regions
Fems Yeast Research, 2002Co-Authors: Gloria Scorzetti, Alvaro Fonseca, Jack W Fell, Adele StatzelltallmanAbstract:Basidiomycetous yeasts in the Urediniomycetes and Hymenomycetes were examined by sequence analysis in two ribosomal DNA regions: the D1/D2 variable domains at the 5' end of the large subunit rRNA gene (D1/D2) and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2. Four major lineages were recognized in each class: Microbotryum, Sporidiobolus, Erythrobasidium and Agaricostilbum in the Urediniomycetes; Tremellales, Trichosporonales, Filobasidiales and Cystofilobasidiales in the Hymenomycetes. Bootstrap support for many of the clades within those lineages is weak; however, phylogenetic analysis provides a focal point for in-depth study of biological relationships. Combined sequence analysis of the D1/D2 and ITS regions is recommended for species identification, while species definition requires classical biological information such as life cycles and phenotypic characterization.
-
biodiversity and systematics of basidiomycetous yeasts as determined by large subunit rdna d1 d2 domain sequence analysis
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2000Co-Authors: Jack W Fell, Alvaro Fonseca, Gloria Scorzetti, Teun Boekhout, Adele StatzelltallmanAbstract:The molecular systematics of 337 strains of basidiomycetous yeasts and yeast-like fungi, representing 230 species in 18 anamorphic and 24 teleomorphic genera, was determined by sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large-subunit rDNA. The data were compared with published sequences of other basidiomycetous fungi. The results demonstrated that the yeast species and genera are phylogenetically distributed among the Microbotryum, Sporidiobolus, Agaricostilbum and Erythrobasidium clades of the Urediniomycetes; the Tremellales, Trichosporonales ord. nov., Filobasidiales and Cystofilobasidiales clades of the Hymenomycetes; and the Ustilaginales, Microstromatales and Malasseziales clades of the Ustilaginomycetes. Genera such as Bensingtonia, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces are polyphyletic, i.e. they occur in two or more clades. In contrast, other genera, e.g. Bullera, Cystofilobasidium, Fellomyces, Filobasidiella, Filobasidium, Kondoa, Kurtzmanomyces, Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Sporidiobolus and Udeniomyces, are monophyletic. The majority of the species can be identified using D1/D2 analyses, although the internal transcribed spacer region is required to distinguish closely related species. The intergenic spacer region is recommended for additional differentiation of species and strains.
Jack W Fell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
curvibasidium cygneicollum gen nov sp nov and curvibasidium pallidicorallinum sp nov novel taxa in the microbotryomycetidae Urediniomycetes and their relationship with rhodotorula fujisanensis and rhodotorula nothofagi
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Jose Paulo Sampaio, Jack W Fell, Wladyslav I Golubev, Mario Gadanho, Nikita W GolubevAbstract:Strains of Rhodotorula fujisanensis (Basidiomycota, Urediniomycetes, Microbotryomycetidae), including the type strain, are sexually compatible and produce clamped mycelium with teliospores. However, as teliospore germination had not been documented, the complete sexual cycle was not known. During the course of this work, the basidial stage of R. fujisanensis was characterized. In addition, mating studies employing isolates that were identified preliminarily as Rhodotorula nothofagi, a species that is related closely to R. fujisanensis, yielded mycelium with teliospores, which formed basidia and basidiospores. The new data were evaluated by using several criteria, including the available molecular phylogenetic framework for the Microbotryomycetidae. Curvibasidium gen. nov. is described here, to accommodate two teleomorphs: Curvibasidium cygneicollum sp. nov. (CBS 4551T), which is described as the sexual stage of R. fujisanensis, and Curvibasidium pallidicorallinum sp. nov. (CBS 9091T), which is related closely to R. nothofagi, but does not represent its sexual stage.
-
systematics of basidiomycetous yeasts a comparison of large subunit d1 d2 and internal transcribed spacer rdna regions
Fems Yeast Research, 2002Co-Authors: Gloria Scorzetti, Alvaro Fonseca, Jack W Fell, Adele StatzelltallmanAbstract:Basidiomycetous yeasts in the Urediniomycetes and Hymenomycetes were examined by sequence analysis in two ribosomal DNA regions: the D1/D2 variable domains at the 5' end of the large subunit rRNA gene (D1/D2) and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2. Four major lineages were recognized in each class: Microbotryum, Sporidiobolus, Erythrobasidium and Agaricostilbum in the Urediniomycetes; Tremellales, Trichosporonales, Filobasidiales and Cystofilobasidiales in the Hymenomycetes. Bootstrap support for many of the clades within those lineages is weak; however, phylogenetic analysis provides a focal point for in-depth study of biological relationships. Combined sequence analysis of the D1/D2 and ITS regions is recommended for species identification, while species definition requires classical biological information such as life cycles and phenotypic characterization.
-
biodiversity and systematics of basidiomycetous yeasts as determined by large subunit rdna d1 d2 domain sequence analysis
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2000Co-Authors: Jack W Fell, Alvaro Fonseca, Gloria Scorzetti, Teun Boekhout, Adele StatzelltallmanAbstract:The molecular systematics of 337 strains of basidiomycetous yeasts and yeast-like fungi, representing 230 species in 18 anamorphic and 24 teleomorphic genera, was determined by sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large-subunit rDNA. The data were compared with published sequences of other basidiomycetous fungi. The results demonstrated that the yeast species and genera are phylogenetically distributed among the Microbotryum, Sporidiobolus, Agaricostilbum and Erythrobasidium clades of the Urediniomycetes; the Tremellales, Trichosporonales ord. nov., Filobasidiales and Cystofilobasidiales clades of the Hymenomycetes; and the Ustilaginales, Microstromatales and Malasseziales clades of the Ustilaginomycetes. Genera such as Bensingtonia, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces are polyphyletic, i.e. they occur in two or more clades. In contrast, other genera, e.g. Bullera, Cystofilobasidium, Fellomyces, Filobasidiella, Filobasidium, Kondoa, Kurtzmanomyces, Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Sporidiobolus and Udeniomyces, are monophyletic. The majority of the species can be identified using D1/D2 analyses, although the internal transcribed spacer region is required to distinguish closely related species. The intergenic spacer region is recommended for additional differentiation of species and strains.
Franz Oberwinkler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
implications of molecular characters for the phylogeny of the microbotryaceae basidiomycota Urediniomycetes
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Martin Kemler, Franz Oberwinkler, Markus Göker, Dominik BegerowAbstract:Anther smuts of the basidiomycetous genus Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae are important model organisms for many biological disciplines. Members of Microbotryum are most commonly found parasitizing the anthers of host plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, however they can also be found on the anthers of members of the Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, and Portulacaceae. Additionally, some members of Microbotryum can be found infecting other organs of mainly Polygonaceae hosts. Based on ITS nrDNA sequences of members of almost all genera in Microbotryaceae, this study aims to resolve the phylogeny of the anther smuts and their relationship to the other members of the family of plant parasites. A multiple analysis strategy was used to correct for the effects of different equally possible ITS sequence alignments on the phylogenetic outcome, which appears to have been neglected in previous studies. The genera of Microbotryaceae were not clearly resolved, but alignment-independent moderate bootstrap support was achieved for a clade containing the majority of the Microbotryum species. The anther parasites appeared in two different well-supported lineages whose interrelationship remained unresolved. Whereas bootstrap support values for some clades were highly vulnerable to alignment conditions, other clades were more robustly supported. The differences in support between the different alignments were much larger than between the phylogenetic optimality criteria applied (maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood). The study confirmed, based on a larger dataset than previous work, that the anther smuts on Caryophyllaceae are monophyletic and that there exists a native North American group that diverged from the European clade before the radiation of the European species. Also a second group of anther smuts was revealed, containing parasites on Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, and Lentibulariaceae. At least the majority of the parasites of Asteraceae appeared as a monophylum, but delimitations of some species in this group should be reconsidered. Parasitism on Polygonaceae is likely to be the ancestral state for the Microbotryaceae on Eudicot hosts.
-
implications of molecular characters for the phylogeny of the microbotryaceae basidiomycota Urediniomycetes
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Martin Kemler, Franz Oberwinkler, Markus Göker, Dominik BegerowAbstract:Background Anther smuts of the basidiomycetous genus Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae are important model organisms for many biological disciplines. Members of Microbotryum are most commonly found parasitizing the anthers of host plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, however they can also be found on the anthers of members of the Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, and Portulacaceae. Additionally, some members of Microbotryum can be found infecting other organs of mainly Polygonaceae hosts. Based on ITS nrDNA sequences of members of almost all genera in Microbotryaceae, this study aims to resolve the phylogeny of the anther smuts and their relationship to the other members of the family of plant parasites. A multiple analysis strategy was used to correct for the effects of different equally possible ITS sequence alignments on the phylogenetic outcome, which appears to have been neglected in previous studies.
-
Anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae: Molecular characters indicate host-dependent species delimitation
Mycological Progress, 2005Co-Authors: Matthias Lutz, Markus Göker, Marcin Piatek, Franz OberwinklerAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships of Microbotryum species (Urediniomycetes, Basidiomycota) inhabiting anthers of Caryophyllaceae were investigated by molecular analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and collections from different host plants. The data show that the current taxonomy of Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae is only partly satisfactory. Microbotryum violaceum is confirmed to be a paraphyletic grouping and is split up in monophyletic groups. Microbotryum silenesinflatae and M. violaceo-verrucosum appear as polyphyletic. Host data are in good agreement with molecular results. Two new species, Microbotryum chloranthae-verrucosum and M. saponariae , are described based on morphological, ecological, and molecular characteristics. An emended circumscription of Microbotryum dianthorum is given. The name Ustilago major (= Microbotryum major ) is lectotypified.
Markus Göker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
implications of molecular characters for the phylogeny of the microbotryaceae basidiomycota Urediniomycetes
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Martin Kemler, Franz Oberwinkler, Markus Göker, Dominik BegerowAbstract:Anther smuts of the basidiomycetous genus Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae are important model organisms for many biological disciplines. Members of Microbotryum are most commonly found parasitizing the anthers of host plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, however they can also be found on the anthers of members of the Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, and Portulacaceae. Additionally, some members of Microbotryum can be found infecting other organs of mainly Polygonaceae hosts. Based on ITS nrDNA sequences of members of almost all genera in Microbotryaceae, this study aims to resolve the phylogeny of the anther smuts and their relationship to the other members of the family of plant parasites. A multiple analysis strategy was used to correct for the effects of different equally possible ITS sequence alignments on the phylogenetic outcome, which appears to have been neglected in previous studies. The genera of Microbotryaceae were not clearly resolved, but alignment-independent moderate bootstrap support was achieved for a clade containing the majority of the Microbotryum species. The anther parasites appeared in two different well-supported lineages whose interrelationship remained unresolved. Whereas bootstrap support values for some clades were highly vulnerable to alignment conditions, other clades were more robustly supported. The differences in support between the different alignments were much larger than between the phylogenetic optimality criteria applied (maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood). The study confirmed, based on a larger dataset than previous work, that the anther smuts on Caryophyllaceae are monophyletic and that there exists a native North American group that diverged from the European clade before the radiation of the European species. Also a second group of anther smuts was revealed, containing parasites on Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, and Lentibulariaceae. At least the majority of the parasites of Asteraceae appeared as a monophylum, but delimitations of some species in this group should be reconsidered. Parasitism on Polygonaceae is likely to be the ancestral state for the Microbotryaceae on Eudicot hosts.
-
implications of molecular characters for the phylogeny of the microbotryaceae basidiomycota Urediniomycetes
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Martin Kemler, Franz Oberwinkler, Markus Göker, Dominik BegerowAbstract:Background Anther smuts of the basidiomycetous genus Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae are important model organisms for many biological disciplines. Members of Microbotryum are most commonly found parasitizing the anthers of host plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, however they can also be found on the anthers of members of the Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, and Portulacaceae. Additionally, some members of Microbotryum can be found infecting other organs of mainly Polygonaceae hosts. Based on ITS nrDNA sequences of members of almost all genera in Microbotryaceae, this study aims to resolve the phylogeny of the anther smuts and their relationship to the other members of the family of plant parasites. A multiple analysis strategy was used to correct for the effects of different equally possible ITS sequence alignments on the phylogenetic outcome, which appears to have been neglected in previous studies.
-
Anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae: Molecular characters indicate host-dependent species delimitation
Mycological Progress, 2005Co-Authors: Matthias Lutz, Markus Göker, Marcin Piatek, Franz OberwinklerAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships of Microbotryum species (Urediniomycetes, Basidiomycota) inhabiting anthers of Caryophyllaceae were investigated by molecular analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and collections from different host plants. The data show that the current taxonomy of Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae is only partly satisfactory. Microbotryum violaceum is confirmed to be a paraphyletic grouping and is split up in monophyletic groups. Microbotryum silenesinflatae and M. violaceo-verrucosum appear as polyphyletic. Host data are in good agreement with molecular results. Two new species, Microbotryum chloranthae-verrucosum and M. saponariae , are described based on morphological, ecological, and molecular characteristics. An emended circumscription of Microbotryum dianthorum is given. The name Ustilago major (= Microbotryum major ) is lectotypified.
