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Rogério Bertani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vitalius nondescriptus comb. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae): an example of theraphosid taxonomic chaos
Zoologia (Curitiba), 2012Co-Authors: Rogério Bertani, Roberto Hiroaki Nagahama, Caroline Sayuri FukushimaAbstract:The male holotype of Hapalopus nondescriptus Mello-Leitao, 1926 is redescribed, illustrated and compared with freshly collected specimens from the type locality. The only difference noted among the holotype and the new material concerns the development of the subapical keel. Its taxonomic position is reinterpreted and discussed, resulting in its transfer to the genus Vitalius Lucas, Silva Junior & Bertani, 1993, and thus making the new combination Vitalius nondescriptus (Mello-Leitao, 1926) comb. nov. The female is described for the first time and the morphological variations in two males, born from the female used in the description, is presented and illustrated. The male differs from those of other Vitalius species by the palpal bulb with short apical keel and bifid tibial spur with narrow prolateral branch and almost straight retrolateral branch. The female differs from those of other Vitalius species by Urticating Hair of 'type I' having the region 'a' shorter than region 'b'. Hapalopus nondescriptus has a confusing taxonomic history, since the holotype specimen was also used to describe another theraphosid species (Cyclosternum melloleitaoi Bucherl, Thimoteo & Lucas, 1971) which was, consequently, considered its objective synonym. Thus, we consider it a clear example of theraphosid taxonomical chaos.
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revision cladistic analysis and zoogeography of vitalius nhandu and proshapalopus with notes on other theraphosine genera araneae theraphosidae
Arquivos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo), 2001Co-Authors: Rogério BertaniAbstract:The 16 species of the South American theraphosine genera Vitalius Lucas, Silva Junior & Bertani, 1993; Nhandu Lucas, 1981; and Proshapalopus Mello-Leitao, 1923 are described, keyed, illustrated, diagnosed, and a cladistic analysis using 30 terminals and 35 characters is provided. Vitalius comprises nine species of which 4 are newly described: Vitalius paranaensis, V. longisternalis, V. buecherli, and V. lucasae. Pterinopelma dubium Mello-Leitao, 1923 and P. vellutinum Mello-Leitao, 1923 are removed from the synonymy of P. wacketi and these three species are transferred to Vitalius. Pamphobeteus communis Piza, 1939 is removed from the synonymy of Vitalius sorocabae Mello-Leitao, 1923 and placed in the synonymy of Vitalius dubius (Mello-Leitao, 1923); Pamphobeteus insularis Mello-Leitao, 1923, Pamphobeteus masculus Piza, 1939 and Pamphobeteus litoralis Piza, 1976 are removed from the synonymy of Vitalius platyomma (Mello-Leitao, 1923) and placed in the synonymy of Vitalius wacketi (Mello-Leitao, 1923); Pamphobeteus cucullatus Mello-Leitao, 1923, Pamphobeteus urbanicolus Soares, 1941, Pamphobeteus ypirangensis Soares, 1941, Pamphobeteus mus Piza, 1944, and Pamphobeteus cesteri (Mello-Leitao, 1923) are placed in the synonymy of Vitalius dubius (Mello-Leitao, 1923); Pamphobeteus cephalopheus Piza, 1944 is removed from the synonymy of Vitalius roseus (Mello-Leitao, 1923) and placed in the synonymy of Vitalius vellutinus (Mello-Leitao, 1923). Pamphobeteus rondoniensis Mello-Leitao, 1923; Pamphobeteus tetracanthus Mello-Leitao, 1923; Pamphobeteus exsul Mello-Leitao, 1923; and Pamphobeteus platyomma Mello-Leitao, 1923 are considered "nomina dubia". The male of V. roseus Mello-Leitao, 1923 is described for first time. The genus Nhandu comprises 4 species of which one is newly described: Nhandu cerradensis. Nhandu vulpinus (Schmidt, 1998) is transferred from Vitalius and the monotypic genus Brazilopelma Schmidt is synonymized with Nhandu; thus the new combination Nhandu coloratovillosus (Schmidt, 1998) is established. Nhandu tripartitus Schimdt, 1997 is considered "nomen dubium". The genus Proshapalopus Mello-Leitao, 1923 comprises 3 species. Proshapalopus multicuspidatus (Mello-Leitao, 1929) is transferred from Cyclosternum Ausserer; and Proshapalopus amazonicus, nomem novum for Pamphobeteus anomalus Mello-Leitao, 1923, is transferred from Eupalaestrus. Proshapalopus variegatus Caporiacco, 1955 is transferred to Metriopelma variegatum. The females of P. anomalus, P. multicuspidatus, and P. amazonicus are described for the first time. Other new combinations are proposed: Lasiodora benedenii Bertkau, 1880, from Pamphobeteus; Lasiodora cristata (Mello-leitao, 1923) from Pamphobeteus. Eupalaestrus spinosissimus Mello-Leitao, 1923, previously considered a "nomen dubium", is considered a senior synonym of Eupalaestrus tarsicrassus Bucherl, 1947 and Pamphobeteus holophaeus Mello-Leitao, 1923. Pseudotheraphosa Tinter is synonymized with Theraphosa Thorell. Urticating Hair types were found to be segregated into distinct areas on the spiders' abdomen; and, relation between the different regions where Urticating Hairs were sampled and their length, was found. Sexual dimorphism was found in some species, where the males have Urticating Hair of the types I and III, while the females have only the type I. Hairs with intermediate morphology between the types I and HI were found in some males. Two cases of structural anomalies involving eyes and toracic fovea are reported. Locality records, distribution maps and area cladograms are presented. Twelve areas of endemism were found for forest environments and four for open environments.
Rick C. West - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Skin Injury Caused by Urticating Hair of Tarantula
2007Co-Authors: Rick C. WestAbstract:Tarantulas are large Hairy spiders that belong to the family Theraphosidae, which are kept as pets mainly by young people. We report an 18-year-old male with the primary complaint of tingling and numbing sensation in his fingertips after contact with a tarantula spider. Potassium hydroxide skin scraping examination of the tiny black spots on the patient's fingertips revealed numerous spicules, about 20 to 40μm in length. Under microscopic examination, there were similar spicules on the exocuticle of the tarantula's exuvia. The tarantula was identified as Grammostola rosea. After treatment for one week with the topical corticosteroid, the patient's symptoms gradually improved. We report the rare case of skin injury induced by a tarantula and review related articles. In addition, we propose that potassium hydroxide skin scraping examination is a simple and non-invasive diagnostic method for this type of skin irritation.
Miglio Laura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Figures 10-15 from: Perez-Miles F, Bragio Bonaldo A, Miglio L (2014) Bumba, a replacement name for Maraca Pérez-Miles, 2005 and Bumba lennoni, a new tarantula species from western Amazonia (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). ZooKeys 448: 1-8. ht
2014Co-Authors: Perez-miles Fernando, Bragio Bonaldo Alexandre, Miglio LauraAbstract:Figures 10-15 - Bumba lennoni sp. n.: 10–13 male paratype (MPEG 975) 14–15 female paratype (MPEG 19039). 10–12 Copulatory bulb: 10 Prolateral 11 Prolateral, tegular apophysis (TA), detail 12 Prolateral, ring-shaped keel, detail 13 Type III Urticating Hair, silhouette 14–15 Type IV Urticating Hair: 14 Silhouette; 15 Tip, detail
Bruno Erb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Palpal Urticating Hairs in the tarantula Ephebopus: fine structure and mechanism of release
Journal of Arachnology, 2009Co-Authors: Rainer Foelix, Bastian Rast, Bruno ErbAbstract:The tarantula genus Ephebopus is exceptional with respect to its Urticating Hairs: they are located on the palps rather than on the abdomen, as is the rule for other Neotropical tarantulas. These Urticating Hairs occupy a small field of 1- 2m m 2 on the medial side of the palpal femora. Each Urticating Hair measures 500-600 mm in length and 5-6 m mi n diameter. Almost the entire Hair shaft is studded with little barbs that point toward the Hair tip. Urticating Hairs arise from a slipper-shaped socket in the cuticle, at an angle of 25-30u. When the spider is threatened, it shows a brief palpal flick as a defensive reaction, whereby many Urticating Hairs are brushed off and fly through the air. These Hairs do not have a preformed breaking point but become detached at the very base and are then pulled out from their sockets, like an arrow from a quiver. The actual release behavior occurs too quickly (0.1 s) to be followed by the naked eye. Video film analyses reveal that a single upward movement of the palps rubbing against the lateral surfaces of the spread chelicerae causes the dispersal of Urticating Hairs into the air.
Caroline Sayuri Fukushima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vitalius nondescriptus comb. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae): an example of theraphosid taxonomic chaos
Zoologia (Curitiba), 2012Co-Authors: Rogério Bertani, Roberto Hiroaki Nagahama, Caroline Sayuri FukushimaAbstract:The male holotype of Hapalopus nondescriptus Mello-Leitao, 1926 is redescribed, illustrated and compared with freshly collected specimens from the type locality. The only difference noted among the holotype and the new material concerns the development of the subapical keel. Its taxonomic position is reinterpreted and discussed, resulting in its transfer to the genus Vitalius Lucas, Silva Junior & Bertani, 1993, and thus making the new combination Vitalius nondescriptus (Mello-Leitao, 1926) comb. nov. The female is described for the first time and the morphological variations in two males, born from the female used in the description, is presented and illustrated. The male differs from those of other Vitalius species by the palpal bulb with short apical keel and bifid tibial spur with narrow prolateral branch and almost straight retrolateral branch. The female differs from those of other Vitalius species by Urticating Hair of 'type I' having the region 'a' shorter than region 'b'. Hapalopus nondescriptus has a confusing taxonomic history, since the holotype specimen was also used to describe another theraphosid species (Cyclosternum melloleitaoi Bucherl, Thimoteo & Lucas, 1971) which was, consequently, considered its objective synonym. Thus, we consider it a clear example of theraphosid taxonomical chaos.