The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
R. Stevens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of valve regulated lead/acid Battery positive paste carbon fibre additive
Journal of Materials Science, 2003Co-Authors: R. J. Ball, R. Evans, E. L. Thacker, R. StevensAbstract:The majority of lead acid Battery failures can be attributed to degradation of the positive active material. In this paper the results from a study to investigate the effects of adding carbon fibre additive to red lead positive paste are presented. The test batteries manufactured were evaluated using capacity and cycle life tests prior to destructive examination and analysis using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results suggest the addition of carbon fibre to positive paste increases capacity by approximately 20%. Significant improvements in cycle life were also observed.
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Influence of positive active material type and grid alloy on corrosion layer structure and composition in the valve regulated lead/acid Battery
Journal of Power Sources, 2002Co-Authors: R. J. Ball, R. Evans, R Kurian, R. StevensAbstract:Performance of a valve regulated lead/acid Battery is affected by the properties of the positive grid corrosion layer. An investigation has been carried out using a range of experimental techniques to study the influence of corrosion layer composition and structure on cyclic performance. A number of designs of Battery were manufactured with different grids and positive active materials (PAMs). Two grid types were used consisting of either pure lead or a lead/tin alloy. Variations in PAM composition and structure were obtained by forming electrodes from grey oxide pastes containing additions of, red lead, tetrabasic lead sulphate, or sulphuric acid (sulphated). Results indicated that both grid alloy composition and PAM type affect the corrosion layer properties. Ultra-microtoming was used to prepare sections of the grid/corrosion layer interface. Results showed that corrosion propagated along tin rich grain boundaries.
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Characterisation of defects observed within the positive grid corrosion layer of the valve regulated lead/acid Battery
Journal of Power Sources, 2002Co-Authors: R. J. Ball, R. Evans, M Deven, R. StevensAbstract:An investigation into the failure of a series of cycled 40 Ah valve regulated lead acid batteries, identified a number of different defect types present in the corrosion layer. In this paper, a detailed description of the materialographic preparation method used to produce cross-sections of the corrosion layer is given. Each of the defect types identified is described and illustrated in an appropriate micrograph. Variations between the defect types suggest that there is more than one mechanism for defect initiation and growth. Possible mechanisms for sources of the defects and their subsequent growth are proposed.
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Effect of soaking time on the positive active material and performance of the valve regulated lead/acid Battery
Journal of Power Sources, 2002Co-Authors: E L Lawrence, R. J. Ball, R. Evans, R. StevensAbstract:Abstract During valve regulated lead/acid (VRLA) Battery production bottlenecks occurring on the production line can result in varying delays between the different stages of production thus acting as a source of inconsistencies between batches. This paper describes a study conducted to determine the effects of different soaking times between the ‘acid fill’ and ‘formation’ stages of production. X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical testing have been used to study the compositional and morphological aspects of the positive active material just prior and after formation. Results indicate that paste compositions are effected by the time period between acid fill and formation. However, electrical test results and SEM examination of formed pastes suggest that soaking time is unlikely to affect the resulting Battery performance.
R. J. Ball - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of valve regulated lead/acid Battery positive paste carbon fibre additive
Journal of Materials Science, 2003Co-Authors: R. J. Ball, R. Evans, E. L. Thacker, R. StevensAbstract:The majority of lead acid Battery failures can be attributed to degradation of the positive active material. In this paper the results from a study to investigate the effects of adding carbon fibre additive to red lead positive paste are presented. The test batteries manufactured were evaluated using capacity and cycle life tests prior to destructive examination and analysis using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results suggest the addition of carbon fibre to positive paste increases capacity by approximately 20%. Significant improvements in cycle life were also observed.
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Influence of positive active material type and grid alloy on corrosion layer structure and composition in the valve regulated lead/acid Battery
Journal of Power Sources, 2002Co-Authors: R. J. Ball, R. Evans, R Kurian, R. StevensAbstract:Performance of a valve regulated lead/acid Battery is affected by the properties of the positive grid corrosion layer. An investigation has been carried out using a range of experimental techniques to study the influence of corrosion layer composition and structure on cyclic performance. A number of designs of Battery were manufactured with different grids and positive active materials (PAMs). Two grid types were used consisting of either pure lead or a lead/tin alloy. Variations in PAM composition and structure were obtained by forming electrodes from grey oxide pastes containing additions of, red lead, tetrabasic lead sulphate, or sulphuric acid (sulphated). Results indicated that both grid alloy composition and PAM type affect the corrosion layer properties. Ultra-microtoming was used to prepare sections of the grid/corrosion layer interface. Results showed that corrosion propagated along tin rich grain boundaries.
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Characterisation of defects observed within the positive grid corrosion layer of the valve regulated lead/acid Battery
Journal of Power Sources, 2002Co-Authors: R. J. Ball, R. Evans, M Deven, R. StevensAbstract:An investigation into the failure of a series of cycled 40 Ah valve regulated lead acid batteries, identified a number of different defect types present in the corrosion layer. In this paper, a detailed description of the materialographic preparation method used to produce cross-sections of the corrosion layer is given. Each of the defect types identified is described and illustrated in an appropriate micrograph. Variations between the defect types suggest that there is more than one mechanism for defect initiation and growth. Possible mechanisms for sources of the defects and their subsequent growth are proposed.
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Effect of soaking time on the positive active material and performance of the valve regulated lead/acid Battery
Journal of Power Sources, 2002Co-Authors: E L Lawrence, R. J. Ball, R. Evans, R. StevensAbstract:Abstract During valve regulated lead/acid (VRLA) Battery production bottlenecks occurring on the production line can result in varying delays between the different stages of production thus acting as a source of inconsistencies between batches. This paper describes a study conducted to determine the effects of different soaking times between the ‘acid fill’ and ‘formation’ stages of production. X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical testing have been used to study the compositional and morphological aspects of the positive active material just prior and after formation. Results indicate that paste compositions are effected by the time period between acid fill and formation. However, electrical test results and SEM examination of formed pastes suggest that soaking time is unlikely to affect the resulting Battery performance.
P.t. Moseley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of carbon in valve regulated lead acid Battery technology
Journal of Power Sources, 2006Co-Authors: P.t. Moseley, R F Nelson, Anthony F HollenkampAbstract:Abstract The properties of different forms of carbon and their potential, as active mass additives, for influencing the performance of Valve-Regulated lead–acid batteries are reviewed. Carbon additives to the positive active-mass appear to benefit capacity, but are progressively lost due to oxidation. Some forms of carbon in the negative active-material are able to resist the tendency to sulfation during high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation to some considerable extent, but the mechanism of this benefit is not yet fully understood.
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The role of carbon in Valve-Regulated lead–acid Battery technology
Journal of Power Sources, 2006Co-Authors: P.t. Moseley, R F Nelson, Anthony F HollenkampAbstract:Abstract The properties of different forms of carbon and their potential, as active mass additives, for influencing the performance of Valve-Regulated lead–acid batteries are reviewed. Carbon additives to the positive active-mass appear to benefit capacity, but are progressively lost due to oxidation. Some forms of carbon in the negative active-material are able to resist the tendency to sulfation during high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation to some considerable extent, but the mechanism of this benefit is not yet fully understood.
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Improving the Valve-Regulated lead–acid Battery
Journal of Power Sources, 2000Co-Authors: P.t. MoseleyAbstract:Abstract This paper outlines some of the improvements in the performance of Valve-Regulated lead–acid (VRLA) batteries that have been accomplished during the course of the 1990s and considers further advancements which might be achievable. Attention is focused on those aspects of the Battery that have been changed in order to convert the original, flooded (vented) design into a Valve-Regulated unit. Refinements of the components which were modified during the course of the flooded-Valve-Regulated conversion could be a productive endeavour as research workers strive to raise the life of the VRLA Battery to match, and exceed, that of its flooded predecessor.
Liu Ming-liang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Design of valve regulated Lead-Acid Battery management system based on LIN bus
Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2011Co-Authors: Liu Ming-liangAbstract:Battery management system(BMS),as one of important component in electric vehicle,is widely used in automotive Battery management in order to ensure performance,high reliability and high stability.BMS can prevent Battery from damage,predict Battery state of health,and maintain Battery in work condition.Due to the complex and nonlinear electrochemical process of Lead-Acid Battery in charging and discharging,the initial Battery state of charge(SOC) was obtained by non-linear least squares regression method(NLLSRM) in the paper.For valve regulated Lead-Acid Battery(VRLA),a Battery management system based on local interconnect network(LIN) was designed and on chip Kalman filter algorithm was employed to correct SOC on-line.At the same time,a detailed hardware circuit schemes of primary modules was introduced,including voltage sampling module,current sampling module,temperature sampling module,data transfer module.The validation experimental results show that the proposed Lead-Acid Battery control unit is high credible and the SOC estimation average relative error is about 3% when the Battery is 30%SOC to 70%SOC status.
R. Evans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of valve regulated lead/acid Battery positive paste carbon fibre additive
Journal of Materials Science, 2003Co-Authors: R. J. Ball, R. Evans, E. L. Thacker, R. StevensAbstract:The majority of lead acid Battery failures can be attributed to degradation of the positive active material. In this paper the results from a study to investigate the effects of adding carbon fibre additive to red lead positive paste are presented. The test batteries manufactured were evaluated using capacity and cycle life tests prior to destructive examination and analysis using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results suggest the addition of carbon fibre to positive paste increases capacity by approximately 20%. Significant improvements in cycle life were also observed.
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Influence of positive active material type and grid alloy on corrosion layer structure and composition in the valve regulated lead/acid Battery
Journal of Power Sources, 2002Co-Authors: R. J. Ball, R. Evans, R Kurian, R. StevensAbstract:Performance of a valve regulated lead/acid Battery is affected by the properties of the positive grid corrosion layer. An investigation has been carried out using a range of experimental techniques to study the influence of corrosion layer composition and structure on cyclic performance. A number of designs of Battery were manufactured with different grids and positive active materials (PAMs). Two grid types were used consisting of either pure lead or a lead/tin alloy. Variations in PAM composition and structure were obtained by forming electrodes from grey oxide pastes containing additions of, red lead, tetrabasic lead sulphate, or sulphuric acid (sulphated). Results indicated that both grid alloy composition and PAM type affect the corrosion layer properties. Ultra-microtoming was used to prepare sections of the grid/corrosion layer interface. Results showed that corrosion propagated along tin rich grain boundaries.
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Characterisation of defects observed within the positive grid corrosion layer of the valve regulated lead/acid Battery
Journal of Power Sources, 2002Co-Authors: R. J. Ball, R. Evans, M Deven, R. StevensAbstract:An investigation into the failure of a series of cycled 40 Ah valve regulated lead acid batteries, identified a number of different defect types present in the corrosion layer. In this paper, a detailed description of the materialographic preparation method used to produce cross-sections of the corrosion layer is given. Each of the defect types identified is described and illustrated in an appropriate micrograph. Variations between the defect types suggest that there is more than one mechanism for defect initiation and growth. Possible mechanisms for sources of the defects and their subsequent growth are proposed.
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Effect of soaking time on the positive active material and performance of the valve regulated lead/acid Battery
Journal of Power Sources, 2002Co-Authors: E L Lawrence, R. J. Ball, R. Evans, R. StevensAbstract:Abstract During valve regulated lead/acid (VRLA) Battery production bottlenecks occurring on the production line can result in varying delays between the different stages of production thus acting as a source of inconsistencies between batches. This paper describes a study conducted to determine the effects of different soaking times between the ‘acid fill’ and ‘formation’ stages of production. X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical testing have been used to study the compositional and morphological aspects of the positive active material just prior and after formation. Results indicate that paste compositions are effected by the time period between acid fill and formation. However, electrical test results and SEM examination of formed pastes suggest that soaking time is unlikely to affect the resulting Battery performance.
