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Dirk C. Albach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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systematic treatment of Veronica l section beccabunga hill dumort plantaginaceae
Taeckholmia, 2018Co-Authors: Faten Youssef Ellmouni, Mohamed Karam, Dirk C. AlbachAbstract:Veronica species mostly occur in damp fresh water places and in the Mediterranean precipitation regime. Members of this genus grow at different altitudes from sea level to high alpine elevations. They show a high level of polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity in their responses to variations of the environmental factors, a quality that allows them to occur over a wide range of conditions. A group with particular high levels of polymorphism is the group of aquatic Veronica L. species in V. sect. Beccabunga (Hill) Dumort. Here, we attempt to unravel some confusion in the taxonomic complexity in V. section Beccabunga. We recognize 20 taxa in V. sect. Beccabunga and explore the occurrence of V. section Beccabunga, mainly in the Mediterranean basin; especially in Egypt (Nile delta and Sinai), Turkey and Iran with each country containing 10 taxa, from a total of 20 taxa, and characterized by endemics, or near-endemic as Veronica anagalloides ssp. taeckholmiorum. The results confirmed that V. section Beccabunga is divided into three subsections Beccabunga, Anagallides and Peregrinae, which essentially can be differentiated by the absence or presence of a petiole.
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iridoid glucosides in the genus Veronica plantaginaceae from new zealand
Phytochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Phillip Krollmoller, Katja Desiree Pedersen, Dirk C. Albach, Chrysoula Gousiadou, Charlotte Held Gotfredsen, Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Tetsuo Kokubun, P J Garnockjones, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:Abstract Four simple iridoid glucosides, three known esters of catalpol, seven esters of aucubin, and two phenylethanoids were isolated from Veronica hookeri (syn. Hebe ciliolata ; Plantaginaceae). Of these, none of four aromatic ( p -methoxybenzoyl, isovanilloyl, veratroyl, caffeoyl) 6- O -esters of aucubin and 6″- O -benzoyl mussaenosidic acid, had been reported from nature before. Similarly, three simple iridoid glucosides, two esters of 6- O -rhamnopyranosylcatapol, and two phenylethanoid glucosides, as well as 1- O -benzoyl-3-α-glucuronosylglycerol, and 1- O -β-benzoyl rutinoside were isolated from Veronica pinguifolia (syn. Hebe pinguifolia ). The compound 3″- O -benzoyl-2″- O -caffeoyl 6- O -rhamnopyranosylcatalpol had not been reported previously. The pattern of the structural features of the iridoid glucosides is overlaid onto the latest molecular phylogenetic framework of Veronica sects. Hebe and Labiatoides , and discussed in the context of evolutionary trends.
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evolution of morphological and climatic adaptations in Veronica l plantaginaceae
PeerJ, 2016Co-Authors: Jiancheng Wang, Dirk C. AlbachAbstract:: Perennials and annuals apply different strategies to adapt to the adverse environment, based on 'tolerance' and 'avoidance', respectively. To understand lifespan evolution and its impact on plant adaptability, we carried out a comparative study of perennials and annuals in the genus Veronica from a phylogenetic perspective. The results showed that ancestors of the genus Veronicawere likely to be perennial plants. Annual life history of Veronica has evolved multiple times and subtrees with more annual species have a higher substitution rate. Annuals can adapt to more xeric habitats than perennials. This indicates that annuals are more drought-resistant than their perennial relatives. Due to adaptation to similar selective pressures, parallel evolution occurs in morphological characters among annual species of Veronica.
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phylogeny of Veronica in the southern and northern hemispheres based on plastid nuclear ribosomal and nuclear low copy dna
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010Co-Authors: Dirk C. Albach, Heidi M MeudtAbstract:The cosmopolitan and ecologically diverse genus Veronica with approximately 450 species is the largest genus of the newly circumscribed Plantaginaceae. Previous analyses of Veronica DNA sequences were in stark contrast to traditional systematics. However, analyses did not allow many inferences regarding the relationship between major groups identified, hindering further analysis of diversification and evolutionary trends in the genus. To resolve the backbone relationships of Veronica, we added sequences from additional plastid DNA regions to existing data and analyzed matching data sets for 78 taxa and more than 5000 aligned characters from nuclear ribosomal DNA and plastid DNA regions. The results provide the best resolved and supported estimate of relationships among major groups in the Northern (Veronica s. str.) and Southern Hemisphere (hebes). We present new informal names for the five main species groups within the Southern Hemisphere sect. Hebe. Furthermore, in two instances we provide morphological and karyological characters supporting these relationships. Finally, we present the first evidence from nuclear low-copy CYCLOIDEA2-region to compare results from the plastid genome with the nuclear genome.
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chromosome numbers in veroniceae plantaginaceae review and several new counts1
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2008Co-Authors: Dirk C. Albach, Fevzi Ozgokce, Montserrat M Martinezortega, Luis Delgado, H Weissschneeweiss, Manfred A FischerAbstract:Abstract Chromosomal evolution in Veronica L. and related genera (Wulfenia Jacq., Wulfeniopsis D. Y. Hong, Paederota L., Lagotis Gaertn., Picrorhiza Royle ex Benth., and Veronicastrum Heist. ex Fabr.; Veroniceae, Plantaginaceae; formerly Scrophulariaceae) is presented. To this end, we conducted an extensive literature survey of more than 400 publications covering ca. 300 out of 500 species in the tribe. We also report 44 new chromosome counts. Chromosome numbers of Veronica hispidula Boiss. & Huet. (2n = 18, 36) and V. reuteriana Boiss. (2n = 28, 42) are reported for the first time, and both species exhibit intraspecific ploidy level variation. Other new counts confirm chromosome numbers reported previously. The evolution of chromosome numbers in Veroniceae is discussed in light of recent results from DNA-based phylogenetic analyses. Most of the subgenera of Veronica exhibit only one single basic number, i.e., x = 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 17, or 20/21. In this genus, the putative ancestral base number of 9 h...
Soren Rosendal Jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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iridoid glucosides in the genus Veronica plantaginaceae from new zealand
Phytochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Phillip Krollmoller, Katja Desiree Pedersen, Dirk C. Albach, Chrysoula Gousiadou, Charlotte Held Gotfredsen, Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Tetsuo Kokubun, P J Garnockjones, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:Abstract Four simple iridoid glucosides, three known esters of catalpol, seven esters of aucubin, and two phenylethanoids were isolated from Veronica hookeri (syn. Hebe ciliolata ; Plantaginaceae). Of these, none of four aromatic ( p -methoxybenzoyl, isovanilloyl, veratroyl, caffeoyl) 6- O -esters of aucubin and 6″- O -benzoyl mussaenosidic acid, had been reported from nature before. Similarly, three simple iridoid glucosides, two esters of 6- O -rhamnopyranosylcatapol, and two phenylethanoid glucosides, as well as 1- O -benzoyl-3-α-glucuronosylglycerol, and 1- O -β-benzoyl rutinoside were isolated from Veronica pinguifolia (syn. Hebe pinguifolia ). The compound 3″- O -benzoyl-2″- O -caffeoyl 6- O -rhamnopyranosylcatalpol had not been reported previously. The pattern of the structural features of the iridoid glucosides is overlaid onto the latest molecular phylogenetic framework of Veronica sects. Hebe and Labiatoides , and discussed in the context of evolutionary trends.
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iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides in the new zealand sun hebes Veronica plantaginaceae
Phytochemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Tetsuo Kokubun, P J Garnockjones, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:The sun hebes are a small clade of New Zealand Veronica formerly classified as Heliohebe. The water-soluble compounds of Veronica pentasepala, Veronica raoulii and Veronica hulkeana were studied and 30 compounds including 15 iridoid glucosides, 12 phenylethanoid glycosides, the acetophenone glucoside pungenin, the mannitol ester hebitol II and mannitol were isolated. Of these, five were previously unknown in the literature: dihydroverminoside and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydroxy-α-truxillic acid 6-O-catalpyl diester, named heliosepaloside, as well as three phenylethanoid glycoside esters heliosides D, E and F, all derivatives of aragoside. The esters of cinnamic acid derivatives with iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides and an unusually high concentration of verminoside were found to be the most distinctive chemotaxonomic characters of the sun hebes. The chemical profiles of the species were compared and used to assess the phylogenetic relationships in the group.
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phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides in the new zealand snow hebes Veronica plantaginaceae
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2010Co-Authors: Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Tetsuo Kokubun, P J Garnockjones, Ken G Ryan, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:Snow hebes are the alpine cushion-forming plants of New Zealand Veronica, formerly classified as Chionohebe. The chemical compositions of Veronica pulvinaris and Veronica thomsonii were studied and 33 water-soluble compounds were isolated. The structures of 14 previously unknown esters of phenylethanoid glycosides were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Further, eight known phenylethanoids, nine iridoids, 6′-feruloyl-sucrose and mannitol are also reported. It was found that the iridoid profile of the snow hebes was different from the other species of Veronica in New Zealand but similar to the alpine Northern Hemisphere representatives of the genus.
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Unusual iridoid glycosides in Veronica sects. Hebe and Labiatoides
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Soren Rosendal Jensen, Charlotte Held Gotfredsen, Renee J GrayerAbstract:Abstract In a chemosystematic investigation of three Southern hemisphere species of Veronica , namely the Australian Veronica derwentiana Andrews and Veronica perfoliata R.Br. (formerly Derwentia species), and the New Zealand Veronica catarractae G. Forster (formerly a species of Parahebe ), the water-soluble constituents were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods. Apart from other iridoid glucosides common to the genus, three unusual substituted benzoyl esters of aucubin (derwentiosides A–C) were obtained from V. derwentiana and a chlorinated iridoid glycoside (catarractoside) from V. catarractae in addition to other iridoids common to the genus. The chemical profile of V. perfoliata is similar to that of Northern hemisphere species of Veronica because of the presence of characteristic 6- O -catalpol esters. The profile of V. derwentiana is unique, since 6- O -esters of aucubin rather than of catalpol dominate, however, the acyl groups are the same as those present in catalpol esters found in some other Veronica sections. V. catarractae also contains one of the catalpol esters characteristic of Veronica , but in addition three 6- O -rhamnopyranosyl substituted iridoid glycosides, one of which is 6- O -rhamnopyranosylcatalpol. Esters of the latter compound are previously only known from the more derived species in recent phylogenetic trees of sect. Hebe to which V. catarractae now also belongs, but as a more basal member.
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Chemical markers in Veronica sect. Hebe. III
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Agnese Maggi, Charlotte Held Gotfredsen, Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Armandodoriano Bianco, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:In a continued chemosystematic investigation of the water-soluble compounds in Veronica sect. Hebe, four additional species were investigated. In comparison to other, Northern Hemisphere (NH) species of Veronica, those belonging to the New Zealand species in sect. Hebe are apparently more variable in chemical content. In addition to the compounds characteristic for NH Veronica, namely mannitol, aucubin, catalpol and 6-O-esters of catalpol as well as some caffeoyl phenylethanoid glucosides (CGPs), Veronica topiaria (syn. Hebe topiaria) also gave an unusual 6-O-ester of aucubin named topiarioside. The former Hebe species Veronica cupressoides and Veronica stenophylla each provided one of the two previously undescribed disaccharide esters named hebitol I and II, respectively, and the former plant also provided a CPG named cuproside, a 6-O-β-glucopyranosyl derivative of the known hebeoside. The last species, namely Veronica hulkeana (syn. Heliohebe hulkeana) only contained compounds common to other species of Veronica. The taxonomic results are discussed and it is concluded that carbohydrate esters are common in sect. Hebe. The data so far obtained indicate that the occurrences of esters of 6-O-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol are confined to the most derived species in the section.
Fabijanić Lea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of volatile compoments profile of species Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides i Veronica austriaca L. ssp. jacquinii (Baumg.) Eb. Fisch
University of Split. University of Split Faculty of science. Department of Biology., 2020Co-Authors: Fabijanić LeaAbstract:Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides i Veronica austriaca L. ssp. jacquinii (Baumg.) Eb. Fisch su srednjoeuropski hemikriprofiti roda Veronica. Svjetlosnom mikroskopijom prereza lista uočeni su nežljezdani i žljezdani trihomi koji stvaraju sekundarne metabolite. Provedena je GC/MS i GC/FID analiza izoliranog eteričnog ulja vrste Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides. Ukupno je identificirano deset kemijskih komponenata od kojih su najzastupljeniji heksahidrofarnezil aceton (65,9%), (E)-metil izoeugenol (7,9%), te tetrakosan (6,3%). Rezultati analize uspoređeni su s literaturnim podatcima GC/MS i GC/FID analize izoliranog eteričnog ulja vrste Veronica austriaca L. ssp. jacquinii (Baumg.) Eb. Fisch. Od ukupno trinaest kemijskih komponenata, kao najzastupljeniji, javljaju se heksadekanska kiselina (63,5%), oktadekanol acetat (8,9%), oleinska kiselina (6,2%) te 1-heptatriakotanol (3,5%).Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides and Veronica austriaca L. ssp. jacquinii (Baumg.) Eb. Fisch belong to a group of Central European hemicryptophytes of genre Veronica. Using a light microscopy of leaves non glandular trichomes are noticed and glandular trichomes which create secondary metabolites. GC/MS and GC/FID analysis of isolated essential oil of species Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides are performed. Ten chemical components were identified, most of which are hexahydrofarnesil acetone (65.9%), (E)-methyl isoeugenol (7.9%) and tetracosane (6.3%). The results of the analysis were compared with the literature data of GC / MS and GC / FID analysis of isolated essential oil of Veronica austriaca L. ssp. jacquinii (Baumg.) Eb. Fisch. Out of a total of thirteen chemical components, hexadecanoic acid (63.5%), octadecanol acetate (8.9%), oleic acid (6.2%) and 1-heptatriacotanol (3.5%) are the most common
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Hemicryptophytes of Veronica gender with a review on endemic species Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides
University of Split. University of Split Faculty of science. Department of Biology., 2018Co-Authors: Fabijanić LeaAbstract:Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides je endemična i zaštićena vrsta rasprostranjena na Dinaridima te na graničnom području Hrvatske s Bosnom i Hercegovinom. Spada u skupinu srednjoeuropskih hemikriptofita. Iako su biljke ovoga roda još uvijek nedovoljno istražene, svoju primjenu nalaze još u narodnoj medicini gdje su se koristile za liječenje gripe, kašlja te bolesti pluća. U ovom radu opisana su anatomsko-morfološka svojstva nekih predstavnika roda Veronica s naglaskom na vrstu Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides te je određen sastav eteričnog ulja navedene vrste. Ukupno je identificirano deset kemijskih komponenata od kojih su najzastupljeniji heksahidrofarnezil acetat (65,9%), (E)-metil izoeugenol (7,9%), te tetrakosan (6,3%).Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides is an endemic and protected species spread across the Dinarides and at the border region of Croatia with Bosnia and Herzegovina. It belongs to a group of Central European hemicryptophytes. Although plants of this genus are still insufficiently explored, their application dates in folk medicine where they were used to treat flu, cough and lung diseases. In this paper, anatomical-morphological properties of some Veronica species are described with an emphasis on Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides. Also, composition of the essential oil of this species is defined. Ten chemical components were identified, most of which are hexahydrofarnesil acetate (65.9%), (E) -methyl isoeugenol (7.9%) and tetracosane (6.3%)
Rilka Mladenova Taskova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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iridoid glucosides in the genus Veronica plantaginaceae from new zealand
Phytochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Phillip Krollmoller, Katja Desiree Pedersen, Dirk C. Albach, Chrysoula Gousiadou, Charlotte Held Gotfredsen, Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Tetsuo Kokubun, P J Garnockjones, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:Abstract Four simple iridoid glucosides, three known esters of catalpol, seven esters of aucubin, and two phenylethanoids were isolated from Veronica hookeri (syn. Hebe ciliolata ; Plantaginaceae). Of these, none of four aromatic ( p -methoxybenzoyl, isovanilloyl, veratroyl, caffeoyl) 6- O -esters of aucubin and 6″- O -benzoyl mussaenosidic acid, had been reported from nature before. Similarly, three simple iridoid glucosides, two esters of 6- O -rhamnopyranosylcatapol, and two phenylethanoid glucosides, as well as 1- O -benzoyl-3-α-glucuronosylglycerol, and 1- O -β-benzoyl rutinoside were isolated from Veronica pinguifolia (syn. Hebe pinguifolia ). The compound 3″- O -benzoyl-2″- O -caffeoyl 6- O -rhamnopyranosylcatalpol had not been reported previously. The pattern of the structural features of the iridoid glucosides is overlaid onto the latest molecular phylogenetic framework of Veronica sects. Hebe and Labiatoides , and discussed in the context of evolutionary trends.
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iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides in the new zealand sun hebes Veronica plantaginaceae
Phytochemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Tetsuo Kokubun, P J Garnockjones, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:The sun hebes are a small clade of New Zealand Veronica formerly classified as Heliohebe. The water-soluble compounds of Veronica pentasepala, Veronica raoulii and Veronica hulkeana were studied and 30 compounds including 15 iridoid glucosides, 12 phenylethanoid glycosides, the acetophenone glucoside pungenin, the mannitol ester hebitol II and mannitol were isolated. Of these, five were previously unknown in the literature: dihydroverminoside and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydroxy-α-truxillic acid 6-O-catalpyl diester, named heliosepaloside, as well as three phenylethanoid glycoside esters heliosides D, E and F, all derivatives of aragoside. The esters of cinnamic acid derivatives with iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides and an unusually high concentration of verminoside were found to be the most distinctive chemotaxonomic characters of the sun hebes. The chemical profiles of the species were compared and used to assess the phylogenetic relationships in the group.
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phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides in the new zealand snow hebes Veronica plantaginaceae
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2010Co-Authors: Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Tetsuo Kokubun, P J Garnockjones, Ken G Ryan, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:Snow hebes are the alpine cushion-forming plants of New Zealand Veronica, formerly classified as Chionohebe. The chemical compositions of Veronica pulvinaris and Veronica thomsonii were studied and 33 water-soluble compounds were isolated. The structures of 14 previously unknown esters of phenylethanoid glycosides were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Further, eight known phenylethanoids, nine iridoids, 6′-feruloyl-sucrose and mannitol are also reported. It was found that the iridoid profile of the snow hebes was different from the other species of Veronica in New Zealand but similar to the alpine Northern Hemisphere representatives of the genus.
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flavonoid profiles in the heliohebe group of new zealand Veronica plantaginaceae
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Renee J Grayer, Tetsuo Kokubun, Ken G Ryan, P J GarnockjonesAbstract:Abstract The Heliohebe group of Veronica (sect. Hebe ) consists of five species occurring in the South Island of New Zealand. These species and a hybrid were analysed for their flavonoids. Five flavone glycosides were isolated and identified by NMR spectroscopy and three additional glycosides were detected by LC–UV–MS. Luteolin 7- O -, 3′- O - and 4′- O -glucosides and apigenin 7- O -glucoside were present in all six taxa investigated, 6-hydroxyluteolin glycosides were found in five and a luteolin caffeoylglycoside in four taxa, while a hypolaetin 7- O -glycoside was detected only in Veronica pentasepala . The 3′- O - and 4′- O -glucosides of luteolin are also common in other species of Veronica sect. Hebe (restricted to the Southern Hemisphere), but are rare in Northern Hemisphere species of Veronica and thus act as good chemotaxonomic markers for the section. The relatively simple flavonoid profiles found in the Heliohebe group are plesiomorphic and consistent with the group's status as sister to the Hebe clade. Based on the detected flavonoids, two groups could be distinguished within the Heliohebe clade: (1) Veronica hulkeana , Veronica lavaudiana and Veronica raoulii , characterised by luteolin caffeoylglycoside, and (2) V. pentasepala and Veronica scrupea , where this compound is replaced by a 6-hydroxyluteolin dihexoside.
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Chemical markers in Veronica sect. Hebe. III
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Agnese Maggi, Charlotte Held Gotfredsen, Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Armandodoriano Bianco, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:In a continued chemosystematic investigation of the water-soluble compounds in Veronica sect. Hebe, four additional species were investigated. In comparison to other, Northern Hemisphere (NH) species of Veronica, those belonging to the New Zealand species in sect. Hebe are apparently more variable in chemical content. In addition to the compounds characteristic for NH Veronica, namely mannitol, aucubin, catalpol and 6-O-esters of catalpol as well as some caffeoyl phenylethanoid glucosides (CGPs), Veronica topiaria (syn. Hebe topiaria) also gave an unusual 6-O-ester of aucubin named topiarioside. The former Hebe species Veronica cupressoides and Veronica stenophylla each provided one of the two previously undescribed disaccharide esters named hebitol I and II, respectively, and the former plant also provided a CPG named cuproside, a 6-O-β-glucopyranosyl derivative of the known hebeoside. The last species, namely Veronica hulkeana (syn. Heliohebe hulkeana) only contained compounds common to other species of Veronica. The taxonomic results are discussed and it is concluded that carbohydrate esters are common in sect. Hebe. The data so far obtained indicate that the occurrences of esters of 6-O-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol are confined to the most derived species in the section.
P J Garnockjones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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iridoid glucosides in the genus Veronica plantaginaceae from new zealand
Phytochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Phillip Krollmoller, Katja Desiree Pedersen, Dirk C. Albach, Chrysoula Gousiadou, Charlotte Held Gotfredsen, Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Tetsuo Kokubun, P J Garnockjones, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:Abstract Four simple iridoid glucosides, three known esters of catalpol, seven esters of aucubin, and two phenylethanoids were isolated from Veronica hookeri (syn. Hebe ciliolata ; Plantaginaceae). Of these, none of four aromatic ( p -methoxybenzoyl, isovanilloyl, veratroyl, caffeoyl) 6- O -esters of aucubin and 6″- O -benzoyl mussaenosidic acid, had been reported from nature before. Similarly, three simple iridoid glucosides, two esters of 6- O -rhamnopyranosylcatapol, and two phenylethanoid glucosides, as well as 1- O -benzoyl-3-α-glucuronosylglycerol, and 1- O -β-benzoyl rutinoside were isolated from Veronica pinguifolia (syn. Hebe pinguifolia ). The compound 3″- O -benzoyl-2″- O -caffeoyl 6- O -rhamnopyranosylcatalpol had not been reported previously. The pattern of the structural features of the iridoid glucosides is overlaid onto the latest molecular phylogenetic framework of Veronica sects. Hebe and Labiatoides , and discussed in the context of evolutionary trends.
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iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides in the new zealand sun hebes Veronica plantaginaceae
Phytochemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Tetsuo Kokubun, P J Garnockjones, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:The sun hebes are a small clade of New Zealand Veronica formerly classified as Heliohebe. The water-soluble compounds of Veronica pentasepala, Veronica raoulii and Veronica hulkeana were studied and 30 compounds including 15 iridoid glucosides, 12 phenylethanoid glycosides, the acetophenone glucoside pungenin, the mannitol ester hebitol II and mannitol were isolated. Of these, five were previously unknown in the literature: dihydroverminoside and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydroxy-α-truxillic acid 6-O-catalpyl diester, named heliosepaloside, as well as three phenylethanoid glycoside esters heliosides D, E and F, all derivatives of aragoside. The esters of cinnamic acid derivatives with iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides and an unusually high concentration of verminoside were found to be the most distinctive chemotaxonomic characters of the sun hebes. The chemical profiles of the species were compared and used to assess the phylogenetic relationships in the group.
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hygrochastic capsule dehiscence supports safe site strategies in new zealand alpine Veronica plantaginaceae
Annals of Botany, 2010Co-Authors: Gesine Pufal, P J GarnockjonesAbstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hygrochasy is a capsule-opening mechanism predominantly associated with plants in arid habitats, where it facilitates spatially and temporally restricted dispersal. Recently, hygrochastic capsules were described in detail for the first time in alpine Veronica in New Zealand. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether hygrochastic capsules are an adaptation of alpine Veronica to achieve directed dispersal to safe sites. We expect that by limiting dispersal to rainfall events, distances travelled by seeds are short and confine them to small habitat patches where both seedlings and adults have a greater chance of survival. METHODS: Dispersal distances of five hygrochastic Veronica were measured under laboratory and field conditions and the seed shadow was analysed. Habitat patch size of hygrochastic Veronica and related non-hygrochastic species were estimated and compared. KEY RESULTS: Dispersal distances achieved by dispersal with raindrops did not exceed 1 m but weather conditions could influence the even distribution of seeds around the parent plant. Compared with related Veronica species, hygrochastic Veronica mostly grow in small, restricted habitat patches surrounded by distinctly different habitats. These habitat patches provide safe sites for seeds due to their microtopography and occurrence of adult cushion plants. Non-hygrochastic Veronica can be predominantly found in large habitats without clearly defined borders and can be spread over long distances along rivers. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that hygrochasy is a very effective mechanism of restricting seed dispersal to rainfall events and ensuring short-distance dispersal within a small habitat patch. It appears that it is an adaptation for directed dispersal to safe sites that only exist within the parent habitat.
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phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides in the new zealand snow hebes Veronica plantaginaceae
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2010Co-Authors: Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Tetsuo Kokubun, P J Garnockjones, Ken G Ryan, Soren Rosendal JensenAbstract:Snow hebes are the alpine cushion-forming plants of New Zealand Veronica, formerly classified as Chionohebe. The chemical compositions of Veronica pulvinaris and Veronica thomsonii were studied and 33 water-soluble compounds were isolated. The structures of 14 previously unknown esters of phenylethanoid glycosides were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Further, eight known phenylethanoids, nine iridoids, 6′-feruloyl-sucrose and mannitol are also reported. It was found that the iridoid profile of the snow hebes was different from the other species of Veronica in New Zealand but similar to the alpine Northern Hemisphere representatives of the genus.
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flavonoid profiles in the heliohebe group of new zealand Veronica plantaginaceae
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Rilka Mladenova Taskova, Renee J Grayer, Tetsuo Kokubun, Ken G Ryan, P J GarnockjonesAbstract:Abstract The Heliohebe group of Veronica (sect. Hebe ) consists of five species occurring in the South Island of New Zealand. These species and a hybrid were analysed for their flavonoids. Five flavone glycosides were isolated and identified by NMR spectroscopy and three additional glycosides were detected by LC–UV–MS. Luteolin 7- O -, 3′- O - and 4′- O -glucosides and apigenin 7- O -glucoside were present in all six taxa investigated, 6-hydroxyluteolin glycosides were found in five and a luteolin caffeoylglycoside in four taxa, while a hypolaetin 7- O -glycoside was detected only in Veronica pentasepala . The 3′- O - and 4′- O -glucosides of luteolin are also common in other species of Veronica sect. Hebe (restricted to the Southern Hemisphere), but are rare in Northern Hemisphere species of Veronica and thus act as good chemotaxonomic markers for the section. The relatively simple flavonoid profiles found in the Heliohebe group are plesiomorphic and consistent with the group's status as sister to the Hebe clade. Based on the detected flavonoids, two groups could be distinguished within the Heliohebe clade: (1) Veronica hulkeana , Veronica lavaudiana and Veronica raoulii , characterised by luteolin caffeoylglycoside, and (2) V. pentasepala and Veronica scrupea , where this compound is replaced by a 6-hydroxyluteolin dihexoside.
